2ND LAW OF MOTION

ΣFy = ma
Newton’s Second Law: Accelerate -mBa = T2 + -WB; T2 = T1
$ &$'&(
• 𝑎 = ; 𝑎 = µ -mBa = mAa + -WB
% )
• 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎; ΣF = ma ; f = N𝜇 WB = mAa + mBa
WB = a (mA + mB)
Atwood’s Machine: Pulleys 3.27 m/s2 = a

1. The combined mass of monkey and wood 3. Three objects with masses hanging from
plate is 100kg. Neglecting friction between ropes that run over pulleys. What is the
rope and branch: acceleration of MA?
A. What is the minimum force the monkey
must apply to lift itself? mA = 36.5kg
B. What applied force is needed to move mB = 19.2kg
the monkey with an upward mC = 12.5kg
acceleration of 2.5m/s?
T1 = T3
A. F = ? T4 = T2
M = 100kg à W = 980N
ΣFy = 0 FBD C FBD B FBD A
0 = T1 – W
W = T1
980N = T1 / T2 = 980N

B. F = ? à T = ?
ΣFy = ma
Ma = T – W
250N + 980N = T C
1230 = T1 ΣFy = mCa
1230 = T2 mCa = T1 + (-WC)
mCa + WC = T1
2. MA = 100kg
= 980N B
MB = 50kg ΣFy = mBa
= 490N MBa = T2 + (-WB)
a = ? MBa + WB = T2

A
ΣFx = Tma ΣFy = -mAa
mAa = T1 -mAa = T4 + T3 – WA
-mAa = mBa + WB + mCa + WC - WA
ΣFy = 0 WA – WB – WC = mAa + mBa + mCa
0 = N + -WA WA – WB – WC = a (mA + mB + mC)
23 – 25 – 26
WA = N a = à a = 0.69 m/s
73 8 75 8 76

©MONIQUE 1



4. A mass on a frictionless ramp is attached to
WORK - ENERGY
a light string. The string passes over a • Situation à Reaction à Result
frictionless pulley and is attached to a • A force is said to do work when it acts on a
hanging mass. The ramp is at an angle of 30 body so that there is a displacement of the
degrees above the horizontal. The mass point
moves up the ramp uniformly (at constant • W = 0 : force and displacement is
speed). Find the missing value? perpendicular
• W = + : direction of force and object are the
same
• W = - : opposite directions
• W = Fß àd : trolley

FORMULAS
• W = Fd
• W = mad
FG ' FH
• W = 𝑚 𝑑
m1 = 20kg / m2 = ? / 𝜃 = 30° )
F$'F( J
• W =
)
• W =Pf - Piv
FBD 2: • W = IV
ΣFy = 0
0 = TB – W2
W2 = TB
m2g = TB
=
m2 = >
?



W = FYd W = FXd
W = Fsin𝜃d W = Fcos𝜃d



FBD 1: TX = Tcos𝜃
ΣFx = 0 TY = Tsin𝜃
0 = TA – WX
Wx = TA 𝑊 = ↑ 𝐹 ∥ ↑ 𝑑
W1 sin 30 = TA 𝑊 = ↑ 𝐹 ∥ ↓ 𝑑
98N = TA 𝑊 = ↑ 𝐹 ⊥ ↑ 𝑑
@AB
m2 = E

@.A% D
m2 = 10kg



©MONIQUE 2


W = fd
N x 𝜇 à w = (kg x m/s2)m
ACCELERATION
W x J (joules) à w = kg x m2/s2 • Formulas
o F = ma
f = 𝜇N § F – force
fs = Static (Steady) § m - mass
fk = Kinetic (Moving) § a - acceleration
*friction is always opposite to direction of the o a = Vf – Vi
applied force t
§ a – acceleration
Less Friction With Friction § Vi – initial velocity
§ Vf – final velocity
§ t – time
• product force acting on object and time
during which force acts

IMPULSE
• I = Ft
m = 10kg 𝜇 = 0.1
o I – impulse
a = 0.5m/s2
o F – force

o t – time
ΣFy = 0 ΣFx = ma
• Derivation
0 = N – W ma = T - f
o F = ma à a = f/m à a = Vf – Vi
W = N f + ma= T
t
98N = N 9.8N + 5N = T
o F = Vf – Vi
T = 14.8N
m t
ΣFx = ma
o Ft = m (Vf – Vi)
ma = T
o Ft = mvf – mvi ; p = mv
(10)(0.5) = T
o Ft = Pt – Pi
T = 5N
o Ft = ∆p
MOMENTUM o I = ∆p
• Factors are weight and speed o I = Ft
• P = mv
o P – Momentum
o m – Mass (kg)
COLLISION
• The event in which two or more bodies exert
o v – Velocity (m/s)
forces on each other in about a relatively
• Real Life Situation: Car crash
short time
• Property of a moving body

• Ability to resist stopping
• Direct proportion





©MONIQUE 3


TYPES OF COLLISION
Elastic
• Different directions

•
Inelastic 5.

• Moderately apart, same direction
Car: 2500kg @ 12m/s E
Truck: 3000kg @ 15m/s N
•
Perfectly Inelastic M1V1 + M2V2 = Vf (M1 + M2)
• Attached together, same direction
X = MCVC = Vf (MC + MT)
2500 (12) = Vfx 2500 + 3000
• Vfx = 5.45

FORMULA: M1V1 + M2V2 = Vf (M1 + M2) Y = MTVT = Vf (MC + MT)
3000 (15) = Vfy 2500 + 3000
Vfy = 8.18

1.
Vf = (5.45)U + (8.18)U
Given: M1 = 3.2 kg V1 = 4.5 m/s Vf = 9.8 m/s
M2 = 5.6 kg V2 = 7.2 m/s
Y [.\[
Sol.: (4.5m/s)(3.2kg)+(7.2m/s)(5.6kg) tan-1 à = 34°
Z A.]A
3.2 kg + 5.6 kg
Ans.: Vf = 6.2m/s à perfectly inelastic Vf = 9.8m/s, 34° E of N

2. SEATWORK ITEM
Given: M1 = 2000 kg V1 = 72 m/s Problem: A billiard ball at rest is struck by the cue
M2 = 1250 kg V2 = 60 m/s ball of the same mass whose speed is 5.0m/s. After
Required: Vf = ? an elastic collision, the cue ball goes off 60 degrees
Equation: M1V1 + M2V2 = Vf (M1 + M2) with respect to its original direction of motion and
Solution: (72m/s)(2000kg)+(60m/s)(1250kg) the struck ball goes off at 30 degrees with respect
2000 kg + 1250 kg to this direction. What are the final speeds of the
Answer: Vf = 67.38m/s à 70m/s balls?

©MONIQUE 4


1 P1x + P2x = PCxF + PBxF
PCyI + PByI = PCyF + PByF
2 1(5) + (1)(0) = PCFx + PBFx
5.0 + 0 = PCF cos 60 + PBF cos 30
5.0 = PCF cos 60 + PBF cos 30

1(0) + 1(0) = PCFx + PBFx
0 = PCF cos 60 + PBF cos 30

PBF sin 30 = PCF sin 60
sin 30 sin 30
PDF = PCF sin 60
sin 30
3 5.0 = PCF cos 60 + (PCF sin 60 cos 30 / sin 30)
cos 30
5.0 = PCF cos 60 + (PCF sin 60 cos 30 / sin 30)
5.0 = PCF (cos 60 + PCF sin 60 cos 30 / sin 30)
cos 60 + sin 60 cos 30 / sin 30
5.0 = PCF 2
2 2
PCF = 2.5
2.5 = MCFVCF
2.5 = 1VCF

4 PBF = 2.5 sin 60
sin 30
PBF = 4.3
MBFVBF = 4.3
(1)VBF =
VBF = 4.3

©MONIQUE 5