IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY

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Module 4
(Week 4) Chapter IV: Let Newton
Be!

LAWS OF MOTION

Motion
re three,
ld know

Laws of
Motion

Inertia, then Acceleration

And Action - Reaction
 JAMES PAUL A. ACUÑA SUBJECT
TEACHER
LESSON 6: NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. define inertial frames of reference;
2. identify action-reaction pairs;
3. draw free-body diagrams;
4. apply Newton’s 1st law to obtain quantitative and qualitative conclusions about the
contact and noncontact forces acting on a body in equilibrium; and
5. differentiate the properties of static friction and kinetic friction.

THINK AREA…
WHY DO WE HAVE TO USE SEAT
BELTS?

- To reduce and avoid worst accidents.

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: LAW OF INERTIA

 A body at rest will remain at rest or a body in motion will continue to move with constant
velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 Inertia is the property of a body that tends to resist change in its state of motion.
 Mass is a measure of inertia.
 The greater the mass, the greater the inertia. The greater the inertia, the harder it is to
change the state of motion of a body. (Ex. A heavy box pulled by a man)  Whether at
rest or moving. A ball stays in place unless it is kicked.
 An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external
force.
 AN OBJECT AT REST…

STAYS IN ITS STATE OF REST…

INERTIAL FACTORS UNLESS AN

EXTERNAL FORCES ACTS ON IT
1. Mass of the object – the greater the mass, the greater is the inertia. Simply put, which of
the following can you push around?

2. Shape and Volume of the object. SIZE DOES MATTER!

Have you taken a ride on board an airplane? Was it a small or a big one? When you ride
a small airplane, you would observe turbulence to be more noticeable than in a bigger
plane. Rides will be bumpier because lesser inertia makes the smaller plane more
affected by air pockets.

You’ll feel less

Please don’t turbulence here!
remove your
seatbelts!
INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAME What you

will do

READ THE INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAME ON PAGE 90 OF THE WORKTEXT

1. What is an inertial reference frame?

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2. What are the types of inertial reference frame?
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3. What are some examples of inertial reference frame?
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NEWTON’S THIRD LAW: LAW OF INTERACTION

 Action – reaction principle
 States that “For every action (force), there is an equal and opposite reaction (force)
 Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in directions and are assigned
arbitrarily.
 Force A on B = - Force B on A
 Fig. 4-3 (page 93)

When you push on the wall, the wall

pushes
on you.

If you push hard on a wall by a force of

5N, the wall in turn pushes you back by a
force of 5N.

In rowing a boat, the action force is when

the boatman’s oar pushes the water
backward
When
andyou
the jump
reaction
to shore,
force is
thethe
water pushing
boat moves
the boat
backward.
forward.
THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM
Have you ever tried weighing yourself while inside an elevator?
Do we really weigh more or less than our normal weights while inside the elevator? How can we
account for the feeling of lightness or heaviness as the elevator accelerates up or down. 
Sample problem 4.4
FIRST
CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM
 Newton’s law of inertia defines equilibrium, a condition where there is no change in the
state of motion of a body.
 A body in equilibrium may be at rest or moving at constant velocity.
 If the object in equilibrium is at rest, then the object is in static equilibrium.
 If the object is moving with constant velocity, then the object is in dynamic equilibrium.
 The net force acting on an object in equilibrium is zero.

 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 =0
• at rest (v = 0)
• at constant motion
• vf = vi
• a=0
• g = 9.8 m/s2

EXAMPLE 1.
FN = Normal Force
m = 10kg

Find the FN on the

object

F w (Force of Gravity) = Fg = mg

∑F = 0

∑Fx = 0

∑Fy = 0 = FN + (-Fg)
FN = Fg = mg

F = ma = 10 kg (9.8 m/s2) = 98 N,

Fg = 98 N,
EXAMPLE 2.

∑F = 0
Tension Force = FT
∑Fx = 0

∑Fy = 0 = FT + (-Fg)
FT = Fg = mg

Fw ( Force of Gravity) = Fg = mg FT = ma = 0.003 kg (9.8 m/s2) = 2.9 x 10-2 N,

m = 30 g = 0.003 kg FT = 2.9 x 10-2 N,

EXAMPLE 3.

y
60 o 48o

T1 Find T1 and T2
T2
60o 48o
T2 T1
x
Fw (Force of Gravity) = Fg = mg
m=1.5 kg
FRICTION

 Friction refers to a force that resists motion between materials in

contact

STATIC FRICTION AND KINETIC FRICTION

 Sample Problem 4.8

KINETIC FRICTION IS THE FORCE

EXERTED ON AN OBJECT IN
MOTION THAT OPPOSES THE
MOTION OF THE OBJECT AS IT SLIDES
ON ANOTHER OBJECT.

STATIC FRICTION OCCURS IN

CASES WHERE FRICTION IS
SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE
SURFACES.
 Section:____________________
Name: JUSTINE P. PASCUAL 12-LOYALTY

 Sample problem 4.3

What you will do

PRACTICE EXERCISE 4.3 (PAGE 94)
Mickey and Kyle of masses 35 kg and 55 kg,
respectively, are
standing on a very slippery icy surface. Kyle pushes Mickey to the left with a force of 75 N.
Find (a) the acceleration of Mickey, (b) the force that Mickey exerts on Kyle, and (c) the
acceleration of Kyle.

A) Am = Fk bn M B) Fk on M = Fm on k = 75 N  to the right
Mm Fk on M = Mm Am

= 75 N = (35kg) (2.14m/s2)
35 Kg to the left = 74.9 ≈ 75N
Am = 2.14 m/s2
Fm on k = Mk Ak
= (55kg) (1.36m/s2)
= 74.8 ≈ 75N
C) = 75N
55kg
= 1.36 m/s2
To the right
 Section:____________________

Name: JUSTINE P. PASCUAL 12-LOYALTY

What you will do

PRACTICE EXERCISE 4.4

When a student steps on a bathroom scale inside an
elevator that is at rest, the scale reads 490 N. When the elevator starts to move, the scale reads
425 N. Is the elevator moving up or down? What is its acceleration?

M = \V a = Fn - \V a = -1.3 m/s2
g m
= 490 n = 425 N – 490 N ∴ the elevator is moving down
9.8 m/s2 50g
= 50 kg = -65N
50kg
 Section:____________________
Name: JUSTINE P. PASCUAL 12-LOYALTY

 Sample Problem 4.5

What you will do

A Christmas decoration consists of three identical balls, each with a mass of 0.15
kg. It was hung from a ceiling as shown in the figure.
Find the tension in the portion of the string supporting each ball.
Neglect the mass of the string.

W = (0.15kg)(9.8m/s2)
= 1.47N

T3 = w3 = 0 T2 – T3 – W2 = 0
T3 = 1.47N = 0 T2 - 1.47N - 1.47N
T3 = 1.47N T2 = 1.47N + 1.47N
T2 = 2.94N

T1 – T2 – W1 = 0
T1 – 2.94N – 1.47N = 0
T1 – 2.04 + 1.47N = 0
T1 = 4.41N
 Section:____________________
Name:______________________________________

What you will do

If the coefficient of friction between a 40.0 kg crate and the floor is 0.680, (a) what horizontal
force must a worker exert to just start the motion of the crate? (b) If the worker maintains that
force once the crate starts to move and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces is
0.500, what would happen to the crate?