Minor Test-12

(Atomic/Molecular Physics)
Solutions

1. Light of wavelength 1  m is incident on a material with Raman shift of 0.4 × 10 14 Hz. Then the
wavelength of anti-stokes line is
(a) 1.58  m (b) 1.93  m (c) 0.88  m (d) 2.33  m
Solution
Incident wavelength  = 1  m
c 3  108 m / s
v v
 1106 m
vincident  3  1014 Hz
Therefore. Raman shift  v   0.4 1014 Hz
vanti  stokes  vincident  vRaman shift   3 1014  0.4 1014  Hz  3.4 1014 Hz

c 3 108 m / s
Therefore, anti  stokes   anti  stokes   0.88 m
vanti  stokes 3.4 1014 Hz

2. The k line from Molybdenum (Z = 42) has a wavelength of 0.7078 A . The wavelength of the ke
line for Copper (Z = 29) is
(a) 0.53 Å (b) 0.76 Å (c) 1.24 Å (d) 1.52 Å
Solution
1 2 1 1 
By Mosley’s law,  v  R  Z     2  2 
 n 
 f ni 
For ka ,   1 and n f = 1 and ni = 2

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 1 2 1 1 3 4
 R  z  1  2  2   R  z  1     z  1 
2 2
 = constant
 1 2  4 3R
Now, Cu  29  1  Mo  42  1
2 2

2
 41 
 Cu  0.7078     1.52 A
 28 

3. An atomic spectral line is observed to split into twelve components due to Zeeman shift. If the
upper state of the atom is 2D5/2, then the lower state will be
(a) 4F5/2 (b) 2P1/2 (c) 2F3/2 (d) 2P3/2
Solution
5 3
For twelve transition J = to J = is required.
2 2
So, option (a) and (b) are incorrect.
1
2
F3/2 term is not possible, because  3, s
2
5 7
So, J  ,
2 2
So, option(c) is not possible.

So, twelve transition are possible.

4. The figure (shown below) depicts the energy levels of a 4 level atomic system with the Einstein
A coefficients as follows:

A32 = 2 ×105 sec-1, A31 = 3.5 × 105 sec-1, A30 = 4.5 × 105 sec-1,
A21 = 1×106 sec-1, A20 = 4 × 106 sec-1
The lifetime of the atomic level 3 is

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 (a) 1 × 10-6 sec (b) 1 × 10-7 sec (c) 1.25 × 10-7 sec (d) 3 MeV
Solution
Einstein coefficient A3 of level 3 is given as
A3 = A31 + A32 + A30
1  1 1
     3.5 105  2 105  4.5 105  10 105  106
3  31  32  30
1
 3  6
 106
10

5. The wavelength of a spectral line in positronium atom, which corresponded to Lyman α-

line of hydrogen atom, is
(a) 1220 Å (b) 2440 Å (c) 910 Å (d) 3650 Å
Solution
Positronium atom consists of one electron and one positron
Therefore, the reduce mass of the electron positron is
1
me  since, m p  me 
me m p
 
me  m p 2
Therefore, the wavelength of the spectra line, which is corresponding to the Lyman- line
of hydrogen atom
1 1 1   e4  3  3 1 m e4
 RP     2 3      2e 3
P  1 4  8e0 c  4  4 2 8c0 c
3 1
=  1.0973 102 m1  0.415 102 m1
4 2
  p  2430 Arm  2440 Arm

6. The total number of Zeeman components observed in an electronic transition 2 D5/2  2 P3/2
of an atom in a weak field is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 12
Solution
Section rule, m j  0, 1 but m j  0  m j  0, if J  0 

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 Total number of Zeeman components is 12.

7. The equilibrium vibrational frequency of an IR active molecule is observed at 3000 cm-1.

If the ratio of the frequencies of the first overtone and the fundamental band is found out to
be 1.9, then the anharmonicity constant (xe) of the oscillator will be
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.045 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.08
Solution
Given that, v = 3000 cm-1
2

We know that,  v   v   e  e xe  v  
1 1
 2  2
Fundamental term (0  1)
 v  e  e xe  2  e 1  2 xe 
And first overtone (0  2)
 52 1 
  2e  e xe     2e  e  6   2 e 1  3xe 
 4 4

first overtone 2e 1  3 xe 

Hence,   1.9
fundamental e 1  2 xe 
 2  6 xe  1.9  3.8xe
 2 1.9   6  3.8 xe  0.1  2.2xe
1
 xe   0.045
22

8. The figure (shown below) depicts the energy levels of a 4 level atomic system with the
Einstein A coefficients as follows
A32  2 105 sec 1 , A31  3.5 105 sec 1 , A30  4.5 105 sec 1 , A21  1106 sec 1 , A20  4 106 sec 1

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8769828844,9571489537
 The life time of the atomic level 3 is:
(a) 1x10-6 sec (b) 1x10-7 sec (c) 1.25x10-7 sec (d) 1.25x10-8 sec
Solution
The life-time of the atom in level 3 is given by
1 1 1 1 1
    = A30 + A31+ A32 = (4.5 ×105 + 3.5 ×105 + 2 × 105 ) = 106 sec-1
3  30  31  32 3
 3  1106 Sec

9. Consider a spectral line arising from np  ns electronic transition. Under the presence of a
strong magnetic field, the spectral line will split into
(a) 3 Components (b) 4 Components (c) 5 Components (d) 6 Components
Solution
In the presence of strong magnetic field energy level separated and every level is
described by  ml  2ms  . Hence, we will find a different combination of this
For np:
m  1, 0,1
1 1
ms   ,
2 2
M 2M s M  2M s
1 1,1 2, 0
0 1,1 1,1
1 1,1 0.2
For ns:
M 2M s M  2M s
0 1,1 1,1

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 Section rule is M  1, M s  0
Though the number of transitions are 6 but due to degeneracy only 3 pairs of lines are
observed.

10. The far infrared rotational absorption spectrum of diatomic molecule shows equidistant
lines with spacing 10 cm-1. The position of the second anti-stokes line, relative to exciting
line, in the rotational Raman spectrum of the molecule is
(a) 20 cm-1 (b) 40 cm-1 (c) 50 cm-1 (d) 60 cm-1
Solution
We know that Raman rotational line shift is two times of rotational line shift
 2 B  10cm1  B  5cm1
We know that first anti-stoke's line is at 6B and other are separated by 4B.
Hence, second stokes line is at 10B
10 x 5 cm-1 = 50 cm-1

11. If the leading anharmonic correction to the energy of the v-th vibrational level of a
2

diatomic molecule is  xe  v  
1
 with xe = 0.001, and the vibrational frequency of the
 2
molecule is 4000 cm-1, then dissociation energy of the diatomic molecule will be of the
order of
(a) 10-12J (b) 10-14J (c) 10-17J (d) 10-19J
Solution
2

We know that, Ev =   v     xe  v  
1 1
 2  2 
E v
For dissociation energy, =0
v
 1 1  1
 0    2  xe  v     v  
 2  2 xe  2

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 Hence, dissociation energy
 1   1   6.6 1034  3 108 1000 102
     xe  2   
 2 xe   4 xe  4 xe 4  0.001
= 1.98 × 10-17
Hence it is order of 10-17

12. The active medium of He-Ne LASER (operating at 632.8 nm) consists of a mixture of He
and Ne gas (in the ratio of 10:1), placed in a discharge tube of length 0.6 m with mirrors
attached to the ends. The gain band width of the laser medium is 1.5 GHz. The separation
of the longitudinal modes of the cavity is:
(a) 250 MHz (b) 375 MHz (c) 750 MHz (d) 1200 MHz
Solution
The separation between two adjacent laser modes
c 3 108 30 108
v    2.5 108 per sec
2 L 2  0.6 26

13. In anharmonic oscillator the total number of energy levels possible is 250 then the
approximate value of the anharmonicity constant is (in terms of x 10 -3)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Solution
2

Energy of anharmonic oscillator, Ev =  v     xe  v   

1 1
 2  2
To find the maximum energy levels possible
dEv
0
dv v  vmax

1 1
which gives, Vmax    vmax  250
2 xe 2
1 1 1
So, 250 =   250.5 
2 xe 2 2 xe
1
xe   xe  2 103
501

14. The excited state electronic configuration of an element [X] is 3s1 3p1. Then total number
of spectroscopic terms possible is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Solution
1
For 3s1 , 1  0 & s1 
2
1
For 3 p1 , 2  1& s2 
2

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 L | 1  1 | to | 1  2 | 1
And S  | s1  s1 | to | s1  s2 | 0,1
And also J = |L - S| to |L + S|
For J = 1 and S = 0
J = 1, so spectroscopic terms is 1P1
For L = 1 and S = 0
J = 1, so spectroscopic terms is 1P1
For L = 1 and S = 1
J = 0, 1, 2 so spectroscopic terms is 3P0,1,2
So, spectroscopic terms possible from 3s1 3p1 are 1P1, 3P0, 3P1, 3P2

15. A vibrational-electronic spectrum of homonuclear molecule is shown in the graph. The

dissociation energy in ground state and excited state is 2000 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1
respectively. If the energy of the dissociated atoms in the excited state exceeds the total
energy of dissociated atoms in the ground state by 2200 cm-1. The energy  v00  of V'=0 
V"=0 transition is:

(a) 2700 cm-1 (b) 1700 cm-1 (c) 1300 cm-1 (d) 5700 cm-1
Solution

Thus, energy v  G  v '  0  G  v "  0

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 = 2000 + 700 = 2700 cm-1

16. The ground state terms for Ne (Z = 10). Cu (Z = 29) and Na (Z = 11) are respectively
(a) 1S0, 2P1/2 and 2S1/2 (b) 2S1/2, 2P1/2 and 2D3/2
(c) 1S0, 4S3/2 and 3P0 (d) 1S0, 2S1/2 and 2S1/2
Solution
For Ne : 1s22s2 2p6 fully filled. Thus, only term is 1S0
For Cu : Cu : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
1 1
For 4s1, = 0, s = 2
 j   Term is S1/2
2 2
For Na : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
1 1
For 3s1, = 0, s = 2
 j  Term is S1/2
2 2

17. The separation between the adjacent levels of a normal multiplet in

increasing energy are in the ratio 3:5. Assume that the multiplet is described well by the L-
S coupling scheme and the Lande's interval rule, namely E(J + 1) - E(J) = A (J + 1), where
A is constant. The quantum numbers S and L for the multiplet are
(a) S = 1 and L = 3/2 (b) S = 1 and L = 1
(c) S = 3/2 and L = 1 (d) S = 1/2 and L = 2
Solution
E(J+1) - E(J) = A(J+1)
Consecutive levels are J, J +1, J+2
E(J+2) - E(J+1)= A(J+2)
E(J +1) - E(J) = A(J+1)
Ratio of the separation between increasing levels are
E  J  1  E  J  3

E  J  2   E  J  1 5
J 1 3 1
 J
J 2 5 2
1 3 5
The consecutive levels are , and
2 2 2
1 5
The minimum value of J is |L-S|= , and the maximum value of J is |L + S| =
2 2
So, option (b) and (d) are incorrect.
3
L= is not possible because l cannot be half integral.
2
18. The rotational constant for HCI molecule is 10.5 cm–1 . The wave number (in cm–1) of the
third line in the pure rotational spectra is
(a) 21.0 (b) 31.5 (c) 63.0 (d) 73.5

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Solution
Rotational constant
B  10.5 c.m.1
Wave No. Corresponding to Rotational spectra
v0  2  j  1 B , Where j  0,1,2,3....
For third line j=2
So, v0  2  2  1 B
v0  6 B  6  10.5
v0  63 c.m.1
1 5
19. In pure vibrational mode of a diatomic molecule, the energy levels are as OSC , OSC
2 2
7
and OSC . Total number of spectral lines in the spectra due to transition between above
2
states are
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
Solution
Vibrational Energy-
 1
E   v   
 2
1 1 h 2 c
For v  0  E0   . .
2 2 2 
1
E0  oc
2
5
Sliming v  2  E1  oc
2
7
v  3  E3  oc
2
Selection rule =   1
E3 _____ v  3
E2 _____ v  2
E0 _____ v  0
So only one special line (E3 to E2)

20. The dependence of Doppler Broadened line width of a laser transition on temperature T is
given by
(a) T (b) T–1/2 (c) T1/2 (d) T2
Solution

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8769828844,9571489537
 1.66 2kBT
Doppler width = v 
 M
v T 1/2

21. The rotational inertia of H2 molecule is 4.5 × 10–48 Kgm2. The temperature at which the
average kinetic energy of an H2 molecule will be equal to energy difference between the
ground rotational state and first excited rotational state will be :
(a) 60 k (b) 120 k (c) 180 k (d) 240 k
Solution
I  4.51048 kgm2
K BT  2 Bhc E  j  j  1 Bhc
h
K BT  2. h.c
8 2 Ic
h2
K BT  2
4 I
 6.62 
2
 1068
T 
4   3.14    4.5  1048   1.38  1023
2

 6.62   1068  1048  1023

2

T 
4   3.14   4.5  1.38
2

T  0.178  103 k
T  178k  180k

22. The sodium yellow line 5893Å arises from the transition 3P  3S . The 3P level is splitted
by spin-orbit interaction into two component separated by 2.1 × 10–3eV. Evaluated the
wave length separation between the two components of the yellow line (1eV = 8066 cm–1)
(a) 5.87Å (b) 9.75Å (c) 2.54Å (d) 8.24Å
Solution
  5893 A , E  2.1 103 ev
3 p 3s

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 hc
E

 hc
E  
2
 2 E
 
hc
2.1  103 ev   5893  1020 m 2
2

 
1240 nmev
2.1   5893  103  1020  109 m
2

 
1240
  58752.75  10 14

  5.87A

23. Consider the given energy level diagram, when an atom makes transition from 2E energy
level to energy 'E', it emits photon of wavelength '  ' . The wave length corresponding to
4E
the transition from energy level to E energy level will be :
3

3  
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
4 3 3
Solution
hc
E f  Ei 

1
E f  Ei 

1
2E  E 

1
E

For other transition

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8769828844,9571489537
 4E 1
E
3 
4 E  3E 1

3 
E 

3 
3
E

1 3

 
    3

24. 2 S1/ 2 level of an atom is single and does not have any fine structure. It is nucleus of the
atom has spin 5/2. What is the relative intensity of transition to the various hyperfine
components of 2S1/2
(a) 5 : 3 (b) 7 : 3 (c) 7 : 5 (d) 5 : 1
Solution
As we know , I   2 f  1

Where f  I  j to I  j
So f  3,2
 I1  7
I2  5
 I1 : I 2  7 : 5

25. The electronic energy levels of atoms of a certain gas are given by En = E1n2, where n = 1,
2, 3, …. Assume that transitions are allowed between all levels. If one wanted to construct
a laser from this gas by pumping the n = 1  n = 3 transitions, which energy level or
levels would have to be metastable?
(a) n = 1 only (b) n = 2 only
(c) n = 1 and n = 3 only (d) n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3
Solution
En  E1n 2 , where n  1,2,3,...
Transition n  3  n  1
n3

n2

n 1

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 So, here n  2 would be metastable

26. The Lande g factor for 2P3/2 term is:

4 3 6 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 5 6
Solution
1
2 P3  s 
2
2
l 1
3
j
2
From lande g-factor formula –
j  j  1  s  s  1    1
g j 1
2 j  j  1
3 5 1 3
   2
g j 1 2 2 2 2
3 5
2 
2 2
15 3
 2
g j 1 4 4
30
4
15  3  8
g j 1
30
4
gj 
3

27. In a particular transition if the emitted photon is of wavelength 2000 Å and life-time of
excited state is 60 ns then the coefficient of stimulated emission is :
(a) 2 × 1019 m3 J–1 s–2 (b) 8 × 1018 m3J–1s–2
(c) 5 × 1018 m3J–1s–2 (d) 4 × 1019 m3J–1s–2
Solution
As we know that
A21 8 hv3 8 hc3
  3 3
B21 c3 c
A 8 h
So, 21 
B21  3
 3 A21
B21 
8 h
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8769828844,9571489537
 We also know that
1
A21 
 21
1 1
A21   A21   109
60ns 60
3
So, B21 
8 h 21
 103   10 30 m3
3
 2
3

B21 
8  3.14  6.62  10 34 j.s.  60  10 9 s
1  1030  10 43  109
B21 
3.14  6.62  60
B21  8 1018 m3 j 1 s 2

28. The rotational Raman displacement for HCl is 41.6 cm–1. The inter nuclear distance
between the atom forming the molecule is :
(a) 1.29 nm (b) 1.29 Å (c) 0.129 Å (d) 0.0129 Å
Solution
h
B 2
8 Ic
h
B 2 2   Reduced mass of HCL
8  r c
1 35
 mp
1  35
35
  mp
36
h
r2  2
8  B    c
6.62  10 34 j.s. 36
r 
2

8   3.14   10.4  35  1.67  30 27 kg 3  108 m / s

2

10
r 2  0.001656  10 15 
10
r 2  0.01656  10 16
r  0.128  10 8 m
r  1.29 A0

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29. Light of wavelength 1.5 m incident on a material. The stokes-shifted wavelength is 1.67
m . The characteristic Raman frequency is
(a) 20 × 1012 Hz (b) 15 × 1012 Hz (c) 7.5 × 1012 Hz (d) 5 × 1012 Hz
Solution
i  1.5  m
c 3  108
vi  
i 1.5  106
So, vi  2  1014 HZ
c 3  108
Now vR    1.79  1014 HZ
R 1.67  10 6

So, v  vi  vR
  2  1014  1.79  1014  HZ
v  2.1 1013 HZ

30. The spectral line corresponding to an atomic transition from J = 1 to J = 0 states splite in a
magnetic filed of 1 Kg into three components separated by 1.6 × 10 –3 Å. If the zero field
spectral line corresponding to 1849 Å, what is the g factor corresponding to the J = 1 states
hc
(you may used  2  104 cm)
0
(a) 2 (b) 1.5 (c) 1 (d) 0.5
Solution
Due to magnetic fiend 3-component separated and as we know that in normal Zeeman effect 3-spectral lines occurs
& here only j term included here l-term will zero so gl=0.
And for j 1g j 1

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