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Lab 4

This experiment aims to demonstrate the relationship between power input and surface temperature under conditions of free and forced convection. Students will collect temperature readings under varying power inputs with and without an air fan running. Analysis of the data will allow comparison of heat transfer coefficients between free and forced convection conditions. The hot wire anemometer works by measuring changes in resistance of a heated wire placed in flowing air, allowing air velocity to be determined.

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Ahmed
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Available Formats
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23 views

Lab 4

This experiment aims to demonstrate the relationship between power input and surface temperature under conditions of free and forced convection. Students will collect temperature readings under varying power inputs with and without an air fan running. Analysis of the data will allow comparison of heat transfer coefficients between free and forced convection conditions. The hot wire anemometer works by measuring changes in resistance of a heated wire placed in flowing air, allowing air velocity to be determined.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)

Exp. 4: Convection Heat Transfer:


Objectives:
1. To demonstrate the relationship between power input and surface
temperature in free and forced convection.
Learning outcomes:
 To show the effect of increasing fluid speed on heat transfer
 To demonstrate the difference between free and forced convection.

Procedure:
Free Convection:
 Place the finned/flat plate heat exchanger into the test duct.
 Make sure the fan above the test section is off
 Set the heater power control to 60 Watts (clockwise) until the temperature of
base plate (𝑇 ) reaches 30 C. Then reduce the power to 20W.
 Allow sufficient time to achieve steady state conditions before recording the
heated plate temperature (𝑇 ) and ambient temperature (𝑇 ).
 Similarly record the reading for other power inputs e.g. 30, 40 etc.

Forced Convection:
 Using the same plate (used in free convection), repeat the above procedure with
same power inputs.
 Make sure to turn on the fan at maximum speed to save time to reach the stable
state.
NOTE: After each change, sufficient time must be allowed to achieve steady state
conditions.

NOTE: MAKE SURE TO TURN OFF THE HEATER SUPPLY BEFORE


CLOSING THE MAIN POWER SWITCH AFTER PERFORMING THE
EXPERIMENT.
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)


Data Recording:
 Keep all temperatures in Celsius unit.
Test Plate: _____________________________ (Circular Fins/Triangular Fins/Flat Plate)
Free Convection: (Keep the fan off)
Heater T1 T2 T3 T4(TA) T5(TH) TH – TA h

Power(W)

Calculations:
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)

Average Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient _________________

Forced Convection:

Velocity of air in the test section: _________ m/s

Heater T1 T2 T3 T4(TA) T5(TH) TH – TA h

Power(W)

Average Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient ___________________

Calculations:
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)

Q no 1: Draw the graph between power input (y-axis) and temperature difference (x-axis) for
both free and forced convection (Two lines on same graph). (Attach the graph)

Q no 2: Draw the graph between power input and convection heat transfer for both free and
forced convection.

Read the following Article Carefully:

Hot wire anemometer:

The Hot Wire Anemometer is a device used for measuring the velocity of the fluid. It
works on the principal that when an electrically heated wire is placed in a flowing gas stream,
heat is transferred from the wire to the gas and hence the temperature of the wire reduces, and
due to this, the resistance of the wire also changes. This change in resistance of the wire
becomes a measure of flow rate.

Parts:

The hot wire anemometer consists of two main parts:

1. Conducting wire

2. Wheat stone bridge.


School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)


The conducting wire is housed inside the ceramic body. The wires are taking out from
the ceramic body and connecting to the Wheatstone bridge. The wheat stone bridge measures
the variation of resistance.

Types of Hot wire Anemometer:

There are two methods of measuring flow rate using an anemometer bridge combination
namely:

 Constant current method

 Constant temperature method

1. Constant current method Hot wire Anemometer:

The bridge arrangement along with the anemometer has been shown in diagram. The
anemometer is kept in the flowing gas stream to measure flow rate. A constant current is
passed through the sensing wire. That is, the voltage across the bridge circuit is kept constant
i.e. not varied.

Due to the gas flow, heat transfer takes place from the sensing wire to the flowing gas and
hence the temperature of the sensing wire reduces causing a change in the resistance of the
sensing wire. (This change in resistance becomes a measure of flow rate).
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)


Due to this, the galvanometer which was initially at zero position deflects and this
deflection of the galvanometer becomes a measure of flow rate of the gas when calibrated.

2. Constant temperature method Hot wire Anemometer:

The bridge arrangement along with the anemometer has been shown in diagram. The
anemometer is kept in the flowing gas stream to measure flow rate.

A current is initially passed through the wire. Due to the gas flow, heat transfer takes
place from the sensing wire to the flowing gas and this tends to change the temperature and
hence the resistance of the wire. The principle in this method is to maintain the temperature
and resistance of the sensing wire at a constant level. Therefore, the current through the
sensing wire is increased to bring the sensing wire to have its initial resistance and
temperature. The electrical current required in bringing back the resistance and hence the
temperature of the wire to its initial condition becomes a measure of flow rate of the gas
when calibrated.

Q no 3: Is hotwire anemometer is an active instrument or passive instrument? Justify


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School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab (Spring 2023)

Q no 4: What is the purpose of variable conversion element (Wheatstone bridge in hot wire
anemometer)?

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Marks Distribution:

Data Recording 4
Question 1 2
Question 2 2
Question 3 1
Question 4 1

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