Write a program for the DS89C420 to toggle all the bits of P0, P1,

and P2 every 1/4 of a second

I/O ORG 0
PROGRAMMING BACK: MOV A,#55H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,A
Port 3 MOV P2,A
ACALL QSDELAY ;Quarter of a second
(cont’) MOV A,#0AAH
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,A
MOV P2,A
ACALL QSDELAY
P1.0 1 40 Vcc SJMP BACK
P1.1 2 39 P0.0(AD0)
P1.2 3 38 P0.1(AD1) QSDELAY: Delay
P1.3 4 37 P0.2(AD2)
P1.4
P1.5
5
6
36
35
P0.3(AD3)
P0.4(AD4)
MOV R5,#11 = 11 × 248 × 255 × 4 MC × 90 ns
P1.6
P1.7
7
8
34
33
P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)
H3: MOV R4,#248 = 250,430 µs
RST 9 32 P0.7(AD7)
(RXD)P3.0 10
8051 31 -EA/VPP H2: MOV R3,#255
(TXD)P3.1 11(8031)30 ALE/PROG
(INT0)P3.2
(INT1)P3.3
12 29
28
-PSEN
P2.7(A15)
H1: DJNZ R3,H1 ;4 MC for DS89C4x0
13
(T0)P3.4
(T1)P3.5
14
15
27
26
P2.6(A14)
P2.5(A13)
DJNZ R4,H2
(WR)P3.6 16 25 P2.4(A12)
(RD)P3.7 17 24 P2.3(A11) DJNZ R5,H3
XTAL2 18 23 P2.2(A10)
XTAL1
GND
19
20
22
21
P2.1(A9)
P2.0(A8)
RET
END
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 The entire 8 bits of Port 1 are accessed
BACK: MOV A,#55H
I/O MOV P1,A
PROGRAMMING ACALL
MOV
DELAY
A,#0AAH
MOV P1,A
Different ways ACALL
SJMP
DELAY
BACK
of Accessing
Entire 8 Bits Rewrite the code in a more efficient manner by accessing the port
directly without going through the accumulator
BACK: MOV P1,#55H
ACALL DELAY
MOV P1,#0AAH
ACALL DELAY
SJMP BACK

Another way of doing the same thing

MOV A,#55H
BACK: MOV P1,A
ACALL DELAY
CPL A
SJMP BACK
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 ‰ Sometimes we need to access only 1
I/O BIT
MANIPULATION
or 2 bits of the port
PROGRAMMING BACK: CPL
ACALL
P1.2
DELAY
;complement P1.2

SJMP BACK
I/O Ports
and Bit ;another variation of the above program
AGAIN: SETB P1.2 ;set only P1.2
Addressability ACALL DELAY
CLR P1.2 ;clear only P1.2
ACALL DELAY
SJMP AGAIN P0 P1 P2 P3 Port Bit
P0.0 P1.0 P2.0 P3.0 D0
P0.1 P1.1 P2.1 P3.1 D1
P0.2 P1.2 P2.2 P3.2 D2
P0.3 P1.3 P2.3 P3.3 D3
P0.4 P1.4 P2.4 P3.4 D4
P0.5 P1.5 P2.5 P3.5 D5
P0.6 P1.6 P2.6 P3.6 D6
P0.7 P1.7 P2.7 P3.7 D7

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 Example 4-2
Write the following programs.
I/O BIT Create a square wave of 50% duty cycle on bit 0 of port 1.
MANIPULATION Solution:
PROGRAMMING The 50% duty cycle means that the “on” and “off” state (or the high
and low portion of the pulse) have the same length. Therefore,
I/O Ports we toggle P1.0 with a time delay in between each state.
and Bit HERE: SETB P1.0 ;set to high bit 0 of port 1
LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
Addressability CLR P1.0 ;P1.0=0
(cont’) LCALL DELAY
SJMP HERE ;keep doing it
Another way to write the above program is:
HERE: CPL P1.0 ;set to high bit 0 of port 1
LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
SJMP HERE ;keep doing it
8051

P1.0

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 ‰ Instructions that are used for signal-bit
I/O BIT
operations are as following
MANIPULATION
PROGRAMMING Single-Bit Instructions
Instruction Function
I/O Ports SETB bit Set the bit (bit = 1)
and Bit CLR bit Clear the bit (bit = 0)
Addressability CPL bit Complement the bit (bit = NOT bit)
(cont’) JB bit, target Jump to target if bit = 1 (jump if bit)
JNB bit, target Jump to target if bit = 0 (jump if no bit)
JBC bit, target Jump to target if bit = 1, clear bit
(jump if bit, then clear)

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 ‰ The JNB and JB instructions are widely
I/O BIT used single-bit operations
MANIPULATION ¾ They allow you to monitor a bit and make
PROGRAMMING a decision depending on whether it’s 0 or 1
¾ These two instructions can be used for any
Checking an bits of I/O ports 0, 1, 2, and 3
Input Bit ƒ Port 3 is typically not used for any I/O, either
single-bit or byte-wise

Instructions for Reading an Input Port

Mnemonic Examples Description

MOV A,PX MOV A,P2 Bring into A the data at P2 pins
JNB PX.Y, .. JNB P2.1,TARGET Jump if pin P2.1 is low
JB PX.Y, .. JB P1.3,TARGET Jump if pin P1.3 is high
MOV C,PX.Y MOV C,P2.4 Copy status of pin P2.4 to CY

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 Example 4-3
I/O BIT
Write a program to perform the following:
MANIPULATION (a) Keep monitoring the P1.2 bit until it becomes high
PROGRAMMING (b) When P1.2 becomes high, write value 45H to port 0
(c) Send a high-to-low (H-to-L) pulse to P2.3
Solution:
Checking an SETB P1.2 ;make P1.2 an input
Input Bit MOV A,#45H ;A=45H
(cont’) AGAIN: JNB P1.2,AGAIN ; get out when P1.2=1
MOV P0,A ;issue A to P0
SETB P2.3 ;make P2.3 high
CLR P2.3 ;make P2.3 low for H-to-L

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 Example 4-4
I/O BIT
Assume that bit P2.3 is an input and represents the condition of an
MANIPULATION oven. If it goes high, it means that the oven is hot. Monitor the bit
PROGRAMMING continuously. Whenever it goes high, send a high-to-low pulse to port
P1.5 to turn on a buzzer.
Solution:
Checking an
HERE: JNB P2.3,HERE ;keep monitoring for high
Input Bit SETB P1.5 ;set bit P1.5=1
(cont’) CLR P1.5 ;make high-to-low
SJMP HERE ;keep repeating

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 Example 4-5
I/O BIT
A switch is connected to pin P1.7. Write a program to check the status
MANIPULATION of SW and perform the following:
PROGRAMMING (a) If SW=0, send letter ‘N’ to P2
(b) If SW=1, send letter ‘Y’ to P2

Checking an Solution:
Input Bit
SETB P1.7 ;make P1.7 an input
AGAIN: JB P1.2,OVER ;jump if P1.7=1
(cont’)
MOV P2,#’N’ ;SW=0, issue ‘N’ to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring
OVER: MOV P2,#’Y’ ;SW=1, issue ‘Y’ to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring

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 Example 4-6
I/O BIT
A switch is connected to pin P1.7. Write a program to check the status
MANIPULATION of SW and perform the following:
PROGRAMMING (a) If SW=0, send letter ‘N’ to P2
(b) If SW=1, send letter ‘Y’ to P2
Use the carry flag to check the switch status.
Reading Single Solution:
Bit into Carry SETB P1.7 ;make P1.7 an input
Flag AGAIN: MOV C,P1.2 ;read SW status into CF
JC OVER ;jump if SW=1
MOV P2,#’N’ ;SW=0, issue ‘N’ to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring
OVER: MOV P2,#’Y’ ;SW=1, issue ‘Y’ to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring

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 Example 4-7
I/O BIT
A switch is connected to pin P1.0 and an LED to pin P2.7. Write a
MANIPULATION program to get the status of the switch and send it to the LED
PROGRAMMING
Solution:
SETB P1.7 ;make P1.7 an input
Reading Single AGAIN: MOV C,P1.0 ;read SW status into CF
Bit into Carry MOV P2.7,C ;send SW status to LED
Flag SJMP AGAIN ;keep repeating
(cont’)

The instruction
‘MOV
P2.7,P1.0’ is
wrong , since such
However ‘MOV an instruction does
P2,P1’ is a valid not exist
instruction

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 ‰ In reading a port
I/O BIT ¾ Some instructions read the status of port
MANIPULATION pins
PROGRAMMING ¾ Others read the status of an internal port
latch
Reading Input ‰ Therefore, when reading ports there
Pins vs. Port are two possibilities:
Latch ¾ Read the status of the input pin
¾ Read the internal latch of the output port
‰ Confusion between them is a major
source of errors in 8051 programming
¾ Especially where external hardware is
concerned

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 ‰ Some instructions read the contents of
READING
INPUT PINS VS.
an internal port latch instead of
PORT LATCH reading the status of an external pin
¾ For example, look at the ANL P1,A
Reading Latch instruction and the sequence of actions is
for Output Port executed as follow
1. It reads the internal latch of the port and
brings that data into the CPU
2. This data is ANDed with the contents of
register A
3. The result is rewritten back to the port latch
4. The port pin data is changed and now has the
same value as port latch

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 ‰ Read-Modify-Write
READING
¾ The instructions read the port latch
INPUT PINS VS.
normally read a value, perform an
PORT LATCH operation then rewrite it back to the port
latch
Reading Latch Instructions Reading a latch (Read-Modify-Write)
for Output Port Mnemonics Example
(cont’) ANL PX ANL P1,A
ORL PX ORL P2,A
XRL PX XRL P0,A
JBC PX.Y,TARGET JBC P1.1,TARGET
CPL PX.Y CPL P1.2
INC PX INC P1
DEC PX DEC P2
DJNZ PX.Y,TARGET DJNZ P1,TARGET
MOV PX.Y,C MOV P1.2,C
CLR PX.Y CLR P2.3 Note: x is 0, 1, 2,
SETB PX.Y SETB P2.3 or 3 for P0 – P3

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 ‰ The ports in 8051 can be accessed by
I/O BIT
MANIPULATION the Read-modify-write technique
PROGRAMMING ¾ This feature saves many lines of code by
combining in a single instruction all three
Read-modify- actions
write Feature 1. Reading the port
2. Modifying it
3. Writing to the port
MOV P1,#55H ;P1=01010101
AGAIN: XRL P1,#0FFH ;EX-OR P1 with 1111 1111
ACALL DELAY
SJMP BACK

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