ANSWER 1

INTRODUCTION
Management research is a study about the management or an organization. It tries to study
the problems in the management or an organization and how can a solution be provided to
solve the issue through a step by step hierarchy of questions.
FORMULATION OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Management Dilemma:
Here you try to answer that what factors have resulted in the current problem? What
environmental factors have stimulated the issue?
Management Question:
How can management fully eliminate the factors that are causing this problem? How can they
avail the opportunity
Research Question
By taking which course of action can the management eliminate the factors that are causing
the problem? What course of action is available so that opportunity can be availed?
Investigative Question:
Which alternate is most suitable for the managers in order to avail the opportunity?
Measurement Question:
How can the questions be measured? What needs to be asked or observed for the information
needed to solve the problem and the management research question?
Management Decision:
Based on the findings gained from the research, what action course should the management
take?
PROBLEM AUDIT & STEPS TAKEN FOR THIS
A problem audit is an evaluation framework that helps us interact with decision-makers to
uncover what the real problem is and the areas of research we need to focus on to identify its
underlying causes. The main purpose is to understand the issues the decision-makers are
facing.
History of the problem
What events led to the realization that action is needed? Understanding what happened or
has been happening that is forcing stakeholders to look for new solutions is the first step in a
problem audit
Available Alternative Courses of Action
What solutions to the problem are currently available? Decision-makers may have
considered courses of action that are available or could be available shortly. However, these
courses of action may pose risks, be riddled with limitations, or be in early stages that need
research to validate their viability.
Criteria to Evaluate Alternative Courses of Action
What criteria and metrics are decision-makers considering making go/no-go decisions
to select viable solutions?
Criteria may vary from problem to problem depending on tolerance for risk and the impact of
a solution (financial, operations, personal, etc.).
Potential Actions that Research Findings May Suggest
What could be potential research findings, if we do the research, and what course of
action would those suggest? Would they be tactical or strategic decisions?
While the previous audit areas are about what we know so far, the questions in this one deal
with hypotheticals to expand our knowledge area.
Information Needed to Answer Decision Makers’ Questions
What information do we need to answer the different questions related to the problem
and its underlying causes?
As the problem is discussed, its history, potential available solutions, risks, limitations, etc.
the problem itself may morph into a different problem or the focus may go to related areas
where the real causes may lay. This part of the discussion guide is the most fluid and requires
keeping in mind all the issues discussed so far. We may need to define the information needs
through various alternate of these discussions.
Decision-Making Corporate Culture
In some organizations, decision-making is driven by processes, while in others is dominated
by the personalities of key decision-makers.
Decision-making corporate culture is an important factor in the perceived value of the
research and requires that researchers sometimes get into the thick of internal politics to be
able to design actionable research.

MIX OF VARIABLE THAT IMPACT INVESTOR DECESION

Return on Investment
The main reason for people investing money is to earn a high return on investment.
An individual has to periodically analyze the rate of return that is being earned from various
investments.
The portfolio of the investments may have to be readjusted depending on the rate from each
of the investments.
This will help the investor to earn an increased rate of return from various investment.
Inflation
Each of the person’s investments has to beat the inflation rate present at that time for the
return on investment to be positive.
If the inflation rate is more than the return on the investment of a person, then the return is
negative when inflation is taken into consideration.
Any investment has too beat the inflation to be efficient.

Liquidity

The benefits had to understand the need to have money in hand for either an emergency or
even a sudden change in investment strategy to earn a high rate of return on the investment.
The equity market can have a sudden knee jerk reaction to any news and may create a buying
opportunity.
The individual should have enough liquidity to invest in time.
Tax Benefits
Tax benefits are a very important aspect to be considered when a person is investing.
Tax can wipe away the return on investment if the investment is not done wisely.
There are various investment options that are taxed highly. There are other investments for
which the returns are either not taxed or have a low tax.
The individual has to understand the tax laws of the land and invest accordingly to make a
high return on investment.
Frequency of Return
The frequency with which the individual gets a return on his investment is also very
important.
These have to be very carefully followed for efficient reinvestment and also for the use of
the return for various needs of the individual.

ANSWER 2
INTRODUCTION
A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions or other types of
prompts that aims to collect information from a respondent. A research questionnaire is
typically a mix of close-ended questions and open-ended questions.
Open-ended, long-form questions offer the respondent the ability to elaborate on their
thoughts.
The data collected from a data collection questionnaire can be both qualitative as well
as quantitative in nature. A questionnaire may or may not be delivered in the form of
a survey, but a survey always consists of a questionnaire.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN IT
No matter where you start in IT or in which capacity, there are countless opportunities for
career growth. IT provides some of the best careers for moving up the ladder and expanding
professionally. If you want to benefit from the growth opportunities that careers in
information technology offer, the key is committing yourself to expanding your knowledge,
reaching your career goals and contributing to the success of your company. In IT careers,
oftentimes, the more versatile you are, the more valuable you're viewed as by your employer.
If you're in the process of transitioning into a career in IT from another industry, you may be
curious about what you can do to set yourself up for IT career growth and promotions once
you're hired.
COMPENSATION PACKAGE FOR EMPLOYEES OF IT
Modern compensation systems can generally be analyzed along four dimensions: fixed versus
variable, short-term versus long-term, cash versus equity, and individual versus group. The
factors that drive choices include the firm’s strategic objectives, ability to attract and retain
talent, ownership structure, culture, corporate governance, and cash flow.
Fixed versus variable.
Total direct compensation is made up of a base salary (set in advance and paid in cash) and
short-term and long-term incentives. Both kinds of incentives are variable or at-risk elements
and may be contingent on the achievement of certain organizational or individual goals.
Awards can be based on an established formula or at the discretion of management or the
board’s compensation committee.
The breakdown between fixed and variable comp is relatively consistent across industries,
although telecom, technology, and energy companies pay a slightly higher percentage of
variable compensation.
Short- versus long-term.
A second dimension is the extent to which variable compensation is paid out in the year it is
awarded or deferred and paid over some future period. This applies to awards where the
amount (a specified cash payment or a fixed number of shares) is established up front and
where it’s based on meeting specified future hurdles. Short-term variable compensation
generally takes the form of cash; long-term generally is delivered in equity, through
instruments such as stock options, restricted stock, and performance shares.
Cash versus equity.

Our analysis showed that on average 41% of senior executive compensation is paid in cash,
and 59% in equity. The mix is often determined by business maturity. Young companies tend
to rely a lot on equity to attract and retain key employees if cash is scarce. The percentage of
equity compensation is notably higher for large-cap companies (63%) than for small-cap
companies (48%), however. Technology, telecom, health care, and energy companies put the
largest percentage of pay in the form of equity.

TRADEOFF THAT EMPLOYEE MAKE WITH RESPECT TO GROWTH AND

DEVELPOMENT
Money vs Time
90% of all jobs and promotions are a trade-off between money earned and the time required.
At junior levels, you clock in mandated hours of attendance for your fixed salary. As you
grow in responsibility and compensation, the demands on your time eat into your daily hours,
weekends and holidays. To solve this trade-off, either change or expand your skill set.
Position vs Accountability
A higher designation demands greater accountability and thus increased mind share and
stress. There will be more people to handle, a bigger target to achieve, a greater geographical
spread to manage and maybe legal liabilities when something goes wrong.
Job security vs Opportunity
Most careers or roles offer you one or the other. Opting for a pensionable government
position gives maximum job security but excludes the wealth creating opportunities of an
entrepreneur where there is almost no minimum guarantee. Similarly, the front-end sales
person can earn a high incentive on success but also lose his job faster because his failure is
immediately measured.
Questionnaire
What role model or mentor do you have in existence?

Do you remorse any of your past selections?

Retaining motivation in the face of war and hurdles can be a task
What are some of the maximum crucial traits of today only leaders?
In what manner are you happiest
As a leader how do you still learn and grow
What are your quality strategies for arising with modern thoughts at work?
When searching for a brand new employee what are the most vital traits?
What factors do you recall even when making a hiring choice?
CONCLUSION
On the basis of all discussion we have develop questionnaire and conclude accordingly
regarding the opportunities for IT background members.
 ANSWER 3 A

INTRODUCTION
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio are defined as the four fundamental levels of
measurement scales that are used to capture data in the form of surveys and questionnaire
each being a multiple type question
Each scale is an incremental level of measurement, meaning, each scale fulfills the function
of the previous scale, and all survey question scales such as like semantic Differential etc, are
the derivation of this these 4 fundamental levels of variable measurement. Before we discuss
all four levels of measurement scales in details, with examples, let’s have a quick brief look
at what these scales represent.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION
Nominal Scale: 1st Level of Measurement
Nominal Scale also called the categorical variable scale, is defined as a scale used for
labelling variables into distinct classifications and doesn’t involve a quantitative value or
order. This scale is the simplest of the four variable measurement scales. Calculations done
on these variables will be futile as there is no numerical value of the options.
Nominal Scale Examples
Gender
Political preferences
Place of residence

What is your Gender? What is your Political preference? Where do you live

1- Independent 1- Suburbs
M- Male
2- Democrat 2- City
F- Female
3- Republican 3- Town

Ordinal Scale: 2nd Level of Measurement

Ordinal Scale is defined as a variable measurement scale used to simply depict the order of
variables and not the difference between each of the variables. These scales are generally
used to depict non-mathematical ideas such as frequency, satisfaction, happiness, a degree of
pain, etc. It is quite straightforward to remember the implementation of this scale as ‘Ordinal’
sounds similar to ‘Order’, which is exactly the purpose of this scale.
Ordinal Scale Examples
Status at workplace, tournament team rankings, order of product quality, and order of
agreement or satisfaction are some of the most common examples of the ordinal Scale. These
scales are generally used in market research to gather and evaluate relative feedback about
product satisfaction, changing perceptions with product upgrades, etc.
For example, a semantic differential scale question such as:
How satisfied are you with our services?
Very Unsatisfied – 1
Unsatisfied – 2
Neutral – 3
Satisfied – 4
Very Satisfied – 5
Interval Scale: 3rd Level of Measurement
Interval Scale is defined as a numerical scale where the order of the variables is known as
well as the difference between these variables. Variables that have familiar, constant, and
computable differences are classified using the Interval scale. It is easy to remember the
primary role of this scale too, ‘Interval’ indicates ‘distance between two entities’, which is
what Interval scale helps in achieving.
Interval Scale Examples
There are situations where attitude scales are considered to be interval scales.
Apart from the temperature scale, time is also a very common example of an interval scale as
the values are already established, constant, and measurable.
Calendar years and time also fall under this category of measurement scales.
Ratio Scale: 4th Level of Measurement
Ratio Scale is defined as a variable measurement scale that not only produces the order of
variables but also makes the difference between variables known along with information on
the value of true zero. It is calculated by assuming that the variables have an option for zero,
the difference between the two variables is the same and there is a specific order between the
options.
Ratio Scale Examples
The following questions fall under the Ratio Scale category:
What is your daughter’s current height?
Less than 5 feet.
5 feet 1 inch – 5 feet 5 inches
5 feet 6 inches- 6 feet
More than 6 feet
 Answer 3 B
INTRODUCTION
There is no obvious linear link between random variable once again. However there is an
exact monotonic dating that may be observed . Pearson Correlation coefficient evaluation
would best provide us with the energy and direction of the linear relationship between the
variable of interest in this scenario.
Concept and Application
In this case we can choose the power and path of the monotonic relationship between the
linked variable using Spearman rank correlation approaches which is a gain over using
alternative processes. The spearman correlation coefficient is a nonparametric measure of the
direction of the connection between two ranking factor. The picture RR or Rs is used to
represent its miles. As the name implies it indicate whether or not a courtship is monotonic
nevertheless if we already know that the relationship between the two variable is not
monotonic then Spearman correlation to determine the strength and course of a monotonic
relationship will be futile.
If the linkage appears to be linear a Pearson correlation test would be used to determine the
strength and trajectory of any linear association.
Before starting with Spearman rank correlation analysis we should rank the records under
consideration. This is because we want to see if when one variable is accelerated the other
variable follows a monotonic relationship in relation to it.
As a result the value of the two variable should be examined at every level of analysis.
The ranking technique assigns such levels to each cost in the data set to make evaluating
values in the dataset easier.
JUDGE B AND JUDGE C IS RIGHT OPTION