Lab 5 DSP

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (TE-321) SSUET/QR/114
--------------------------LAB 05----------------------
DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM
Objectives
 To study the concept of Discrete Fourier Transform using MATLAB.
Task # 1: Write a script in MATLAB for data sequence is given as follows: xn = {1 0 0 1}
a) Compute its DFT function Xk.(also attached its manual solution)
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
%DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM
n=[0:3];
x=[1 0 0 1];
Xk=fft(x)
mag=abs(Xk)
angx=phase(Xk)
OUTPUT:
Xk = 2.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 1.0000i
mag = 2.0000 1.4142 0 1.4142
phase= 0 0.7854 0 -0.7854
b) Compute the IDFT of part (a) and compare it with original DTS.
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
n=[0:3];
x=[1 0 0 1];
Xk=fft(x)
mag=abs(Xk)
angx=phase(Xk)
Xn=ifft(Xk)%CONVERSION OF DFT TO DTS
OUTPUT:
Xn = 1 0 0 1
Task#2: Write a script in MATLAB for simulate Xk of DTS xn = {1 0 0 1}and also plot magnitude
and phase spectrums of Xk.
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
n=[0:3];
x=[1 0 0 1];
Xk=fft(x)
mag=abs(Xk)
angx=phase(Xk)
subplot 211
stem(mag,'r')
title('MAGNITUDE OF DFT SIGNAL')
subplot 212
stem(angx,'g')
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KARACHI
title('PHASE OF DFT SIGNAL')

OUTPUT:
Task # 3: Write a script in MATLAB for evaluating DFT of DTS sequence an where a=0.8
and define at n=0 to 35
a) Compute its DFT function Xk.
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
n=[0:35];
a=0.8;
x=a.^n
Xk=fft(x)
mag=abs(Xk)
ang=phase(Xk)
OUTPUT:
Xk =
Columns 1 through 6
4.9984 + 0.0000i 3.2980 - 2.1595i 1.8182 - 2.0040i 1.2073 - 1.5721i 0.9341 - 1.2407i 0.7941
- 1.0018i

Columns 7 through 12
0.7141 - 0.8245i 0.6645 - 0.6877i 0.6319 - 0.5782i 0.6096 - 0.4876i 0.5937 - 0.4107i 0.5821
- 0.3436i
0.5736 - 0.2839i 0.5673 - 0.2296i 0.5626 - 0.1794i 0.5593 - 0.1322i 0.5571 - 0.0870i 0.5558
- 0.0432i
0.5554 + 0.0000i 0.5558 + 0.0432i 0.5571 + 0.0870i 0.5593 + 0.1322i 0.5626 + 0.1794i
0.5673 + 0.2296i
0.5736 + 0.2839i 0.5821 + 0.3436i 0.5937 + 0.4107i 0.6096 + 0.4876i 0.6319 + 0.5782i
0.6645 + 0.6877i
0.7141 + 0.8245i 0.7941 + 1.0018i 0.9341 + 1.2407i 1.2073 + 1.5721i 1.8182 + 2.0040i
3.2980 + 2.1595i
mag =
4.9984 3.9421 2.7059 1.9821 1.5531 1.2783 1.0907 0.9563 0.8565 0.7806
0.7219 0.6759
0.6400 0.6120 0.5905 0.5747 0.5638 0.5575 0.5554 0.5575 0.5638 0.5747
0.5905 0.6120
0.6400 0.6759 0.7219 0.7806 0.8565 0.9563 1.0907 1.2783 1.5531 1.9821
2.7059 3.9421
ang =
0 -0.5797 -0.8340 -0.9159 -0.9254 -0.9005 -0.8571 -0.8026 -0.7410 -0.6747 -

0.6052 -0.5332
-0.4595 -0.3846 -0.3086 -0.2320 -0.1549 -0.0775 0 0.0775 0.1549 0.2320 0.3086
0.3846

0.4595 0.5332 0.6052 0.6747 0.7410 0.8026 0.8571 0.9005 0.9254 0.9159
0.8340 0.5797
b) Plot magnitude and phase spectrums of Xk.

SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
n=[0:35];
a=0.8;
x=a.^n
Xk=fft(x)
mag=abs(Xk)
ang=phase(Xk)
subplot 211
stem(mag)
title('MAGNITUDE OF DFT SIGNAL')
subplot 212
stem(ang)
title('PHASE OF DFT SIGNAL')
OUTPUT:
Task # 4: Write a script in MATLAB for considering 3 sinusoidal signals with their phase and
magnitudes.
X1(t)=5cos(1000πt), X2(t)=5cos(2000πt+0.25π) and X3(t)=5cos(3200πt+0.5π)
a) Create a DTS of sum of these 3 signals as x(n)= X1(t)+ X2(t)+ X3(t) by using a
sampling frequency of 8KHz.

SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
%X1(t)=5*cos(1000*pi*t), X2(t)=5*cos(2000*pi*t+0.25*pi), X3(t)=5*cos(3200*pi*t+0.5*pi)
Fs=8000;
f1=500/8000;
f2=1000/8000;
f3=1600/8000;
n=[0:0.01:5];
%Xn=X1(n)+X2(n)+X3(n)
xn=5*cos(2*pi*f1*n)+5*cos(2*pi*f2*n+0.25*pi)+5*cos(2*pi*f3*n+0.5*pi)
OUTPUT:
xn =
8.5355 8.4448 8.3538 8.2625 8.1709 8.0791 7.9870 7.8948 7.8023 7.7096 7.6167 7.5237
7.4304 7.3371 7.2435 7.1499 7.0561 6.9622 6.8683 6.7742 6.6801 6.5859 6.4916 6.3973
6.3030 6.2087 6.1144 6.0200 5.9257 5.8314 5.7372 5.6430 5.5489 5.4549 5.3609 5.2671
5.1733 5.0797 4.9862 4.8928 4.7996 4.7066 4.6137 4.5210 4.4286 4.3363 4.2442 4.1524
4.0608 3.9695 3.8784 3.7876 3.6971 3.6069 3.5169 3.4273 3.3380 3.2490 3.1604 3.0721
2.9842 2.8967 2.8095 2.7227 2.6363 2.5504 2.4648 2.3797 2.2950 2.2107 2.1269 2.0436
1.9607 1.8784 1.7965 1.7151 1.6342 1.5538 1.4739 1.3946 1.3158 1.2376 1.1599 1.0827
1.0062 0.9302 0.8548 0.7800 0.7057 0.6321 0.5591 0.4867 0.4150 0.3438 0.2733 0.2035
0.1343 0.0657 -0.0021 -0.0693 -0.1359 -0.2017 -0.2669 -0.3314 -0.3952 -0.4583 -0.5207 -0.5823
-0.6433 -0.7035 -0.7630 -0.8218 -0.8798 -0.9371 -0.9937 -1.0495 -1.1046 -1.1589 -1.2125 -1.2652
-1.3173 -1.3685 -1.4190 -1.4687 -1.5177 -1.5658 -1.6132 -1.6598 -1.7056 -1.7507 -1.7949 -1.8383
-1.8810 -1.9228 -1.9639 -2.0041 -2.0436 -2.0822 -2.1200 -2.1571 -2.1933 -2.2288 -2.2634 -2.2972

-2.3302 -2.3624 -2.3938 -2.4244 -2.4542 -2.4832 -2.5114 -2.5387 -2.5653 -2.5911 -2.6160 -2.6402
-2.6635 -2.6861 -2.7079 -2.7288 -2.7490 -2.7684 -2.7870 -2.8048 -2.8218 -2.8380 -2.8535 -2.8682
-2.8821 -2.8952 -2.9075 -2.9191 -2.9300 -2.9400 -2.9493 -2.9579 -2.9657 -2.9727 -2.9791 -2.9846
-2.9895 -2.9936 -2.9969 -2.9996 -3.0015 -3.0028 -3.0033 -3.0031 -3.0022 -3.0006 -2.9984 -2.9954
-2.9918 -2.9875 -2.9825 -2.9769 -2.9706 -2.9636 -2.9560 -2.9478 -2.9389 -2.9294 -2.9193 -2.9086
-2.8973 -2.8853 -2.8728 -2.8596 -2.8459 -2.8316 -2.8168 -2.8014 -2.7854 -2.7689 -2.7518 -2.7342
-2.7161 -2.6974 -2.6783 -2.6586 -2.6385 -2.6178 -2.5967 -2.5751 -2.5530 -2.5305 -2.5075 -2.4841
-2.4602 -2.4359 -2.4112 -2.3861 -2.3605 -2.3346 -2.3083 -2.2816 -2.2545 -2.2271 -2.1994 -2.1712
-2.1428 -2.1140 -2.0849 -2.0555 -2.0257 -1.9957 -1.9654 -1.9349 -1.9040 -1.8729 -1.8415 -1.8099
-1.7781 -1.7461 -1.7138 -1.6813 -1.6486 -1.6158 -1.5827 -1.5495 -1.5161 -1.4826 -1.4489 -1.4151
-1.3811 -1.3471 -1.3129 -1.2786 -1.2443 -1.2098 -1.1753 -1.1407 -1.1061 -1.0714 -1.0366 -1.0019
-0.9671 -0.9323 -0.8975 -0.8627 -0.8279 -0.7931 -0.7584 -0.7237 -0.6890 -0.6544 -0.6199 -0.5854
-0.5510 -0.5167 -0.4825 -0.4484 -0.4144 -0.3806 -0.3469 -0.3133 -0.2798 -0.2465 -0.2134 -0.1804
-0.1477 -0.1151 -0.0827 -0.0504 -0.0185 0.0133 0.0449 0.0762 0.1073 0.1381 0.1687 0.1991
0.2291 0.2589 0.2884 0.3177 0.3466 0.3752 0.4035 0.4315 0.4592 0.4866 0.5136 0.5403

0.5666 0.5926 0.6182 0.6435 0.6684 0.6929 0.7170 0.7407 0.7641 0.7870 0.8096 0.8317
0.8534 0.8747 0.8956 0.9161 0.9361 0.9557 0.9748 0.9935 1.0117 1.0295 1.0468 1.0636
1.0800 1.0959 1.1113 1.1263 1.1407 1.1547 1.1682 1.1812 1.1937 1.2057 1.2171 1.2281
1.2386 1.2485 1.2580 1.2669 1.2753 1.2832 1.2905 1.2973 1.3036 1.3094 1.3146 1.3193
1.3235 1.3271 1.3302 1.3327 1.3347 1.3362 1.3371 1.3375 1.3373 1.3366 1.3354 1.3336
1.3312 1.3283 1.3249 1.3209 1.3164 1.3113 1.3057 1.2995 1.2928 1.2856 1.2778 1.2695
1.2606 1.2512 1.2412 1.2308 1.2197 1.2082 1.1961 1.1835 1.1704 1.1567 1.1425 1.1278
1.1126 1.0969 1.0806 1.0638 1.0466 1.0288 1.0105 0.9917 0.9724 0.9527 0.9324 0.9116
0.8904 0.8687 0.8465 0.8239 0.8007 0.7771 0.7531 0.7286 0.7036 0.6782 0.6524 0.6261
0.5994 0.5722 0.5447 0.5167 0.4883 0.4595 0.4302 0.4006 0.3706 0.3402 0.3094 0.2783
0.2467 0.2148 0.1826 0.1500 0.1170 0.0837 0.0501 0.0161 -0.0182 -0.0528 -0.0878 -0.1230
-0.1585 -0.1944 -0.2305 -0.2669 -0.3035 -0.3405 -0.3777 -0.4151 -0.4528 -0.4908 -0.5289 -0.5673
-0.6059 -0.6448 -0.6838 -0.7230 -0.7625 -0.8021 -0.8418 -0.8818 -0.9219 -0.9622 -1.0026 -1.0431
-1.0838 -1.1246 -1.1655 -1.2066 -1.2477 -1.2889 -1.3302 -1.3716 -1.4131 -1.4546 -1.4962 -1.5378
-1.5795 -1.6212 -1.6630 -1.7047 -1.7465 -1.7882 -1.8300 -1.8717 -1.9134
b) Compute a DFT for x(n) also plot magnitude and phase spectrums of X(k).
SOLUTION:

MATLAB CODE:
%X1(t)=5*cos(1000*pi*t), X2(t)=5*cos(2000*pi*t+0.25*pi), X3(t)=5*cos(3200*pi*t+0.5*pi)
Fs=8000;
f1=500/8000;
f2=1000/8000;
f3=1600/8000;
n=[0:0.01:5];
%Xn=X1(n)+X2(n)+X3(n)
xn=5*cos(2*pi*f1*n)+5*cos(2*pi*f2*n+0.25*pi)+5*cos(2*pi*f3*n+0.5*pi);
Xk=fft(xn);
MAG=abs(Xk);
ang=phase(Xk);
subplot 211
stem(MAG)
title('MAGNITUDE OF DFT SIGNAL AFTER SAMPLING')
subplot 212
stem(ang)
title('Phase of DFT SIGNAL AFTER SAMPLING')
OUTPUT:
Task # 5: Write a script in MATLAB to design the DFT algorithm by using its generalized formula
and also compare the result by using MATLAB built-in function.
k=0,1,2,………N-1
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
x = [1 0 0 1];
N = length(x);
X = zeros(4,1)
for k = 0:N-1

for n = 0:N-1
X(k+1) = X(k+1) + x(n+1)*exp(-j*pi/2*n*k)
end
end
t = 0:N-1
subplot(311)
stem(t,x);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Time domain - Input sequence')
subplot(312)
stem(t,X)
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('|X(k)|');
title('Frequency domain - Magnitude response')
subplot(313)
stem(t,angle(X))
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Phase');
title('Frequency domain - Phase response')
X % to check |X(k)|
angle(X) % to check phase
OUTPUT:
Task # 6:Write a script in MATLAB to design the IDFT algorithm by using its generalized
formula and also compare the result by using MATLAB built-in function.
n=0,1,2,………N-1
SOLUTION:
MATLAB CODE:
%MATLAB CODE FOR IDFT
X =[2.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 1.0000i]
N=length(X);
x=zeros(4,1);

for k = 0:N-1
for n = 0:N-1
x(k+1) =[ x(k+1) + X(n+1)*exp(j*pi/2*n*k)]/N
end
end
n = 0:N-1
subplot(311)
stem(n,x);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Time domain - Input sequence')
subplot(312)
stem(n,x)
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('|X(k)|');
title('Time domain - Magnitude response')
subplot(313)
stem(n,angle(x))
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Phase');
title('Time domain - Phase response')
x % to check |X(k)|
angle(x) % to check phase
OUTPUT: X =2.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 1.0000i

Ans = 0 0.7854 0 -0.7854
Conclusion
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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (TE-321) SSUET/QR/114

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

title('PHASE OF DFT SIGNAL')

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

0 -0.5797 -0.8340 -0.9159 -0.9254 -0.9005 -0.8571 -0.8026 -0.7410 -0.6747 -

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

b) Plot magnitude and phase spectrums of Xk.

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Columns 97 through 108

Columns 109 through 120

Columns 121 through 132

Columns 133 through 144

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Columns 145 through 156

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DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Columns 337 through 348

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Columns 493 through 501

-1.5795 -1.6212 -1.6630 -1.7047 -1.7465 -1.7882 -1.8300 -1.8717 -1.9134

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

OUTPUT: X =2.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 1.0000i

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

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