International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 7, July-2019 27

ISSN 2229-5518

Analysis of Skin Cancer Image Processing Using

MATLAB
Thin Thin, Yu Yu Mon Win, Dr May Thwe Oo

Abstract— This paper focuses on the feature extraction, feature selection, feature reduction, classification the skin cancer images and analysis of skin
cancer images for images retrieval which will aid for computer assisted diagnosis. Skin cancer images have been collected from the dermatology. Pre-
processing steps is necessary to improve the quality of image. The preprocessing steps are grayscale transformation to eliminate the hue, resize the
image and filtering the image. Vector Quantization (VQ) method is used to reduce the texture image feature values and edge image feature values. This
analysis contains the Non-melanoma and Melanoma of skin cancer images. The statistical tool is used to measure the similarity between the analysis of
image feature values and the query image feature values. If match with combined image feature values and query image feature values, the query im-
age is retrieved as the resultant image. If the query image feature values do not match with the stored image feature values, it will be considered as the
new image to the analysis of the system. This decision making step is developed by using MATLAB.

Keywords— Preprocessing, Feature Extraction, Vector Quantization, MATLAB.

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1 INTRODUCTION 3 SYMPTONS OF SKIN CANCER IMAGES

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T He skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in
medical field, with the incidence increasing considerably.
Skin cancers may be categorized into two major groups:
Skin cancer images may be categorized into two major groups:
Melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancers images. Clinical
warning signs of melanoma are enlargement of a pre-existing
Melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancers. Since images mole, itching or pain in a pre-existing mole, development of a
represent an essential component of the diagnosis, it is natural new pigmented lesion during adult life, irregularity of the
to use medical images to support browsing and querying of borders and variegation of the color within a pigmented le-
medical images. Different methods of data mining have been sion. Clinical warning signs of non-melanoma are firm and
used to detect and classify the skin cancer image such as tex- indcient with a central black eschar, round nodule, large size,
tural method; most of them used feature extracted using im- dome shaped dark hyperkeratosis and irregular margin. Skin
age processing techniques. cancer images show in Figure 2.
Most of computer aided methods proved to be the
powerful tool that assist the radiologist to speed up the treat-
ment process. Classification process typically involves two
phase: analyzing and testing phase. In analyzing, the proper-
ties of typical image features are based on the original image
converts grayscale, adjust the image size and filtering the im-
age using unsharp filter. In testing phase, test image’s feature
values matched with analysis image’s feature values. Symp-
toms of skin cancer image’s features are also described to ac-
curate the test image. MATLAB provides an excellent testing
system, with its image processing toolbox, and high level pro-
gramming methodologies.
(a) Non-Melanoma (b) Melanoma
2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Fig.2. Non-Melanoma and Melanoma Skin Cancer Image
Feature Extraction
Image Feature Vector
(Visual Content
Database Database
Description)
4 IMPLEMENTATION OF SKIN CANCER IMAGES
User’s
Feedback Similarity PROCESSING
Retrieval Result Measurement

The design of the skin cancer images preprocessing,

Feature Extraction
Query Image (Visual Content
Query’s
Feature Vector
feature extraction, feature reduction and test the skin cancer
images by using MATLAB.
Description)

Fig. 1. System Block

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 7, July-2019 28
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4.1 Preprocessing of Skin Cancer Images

The preprocessing step consists of the four steps as shown in
Figure 3. The result of grey scale image as shown in Figure 4
and the result of filtering image after resizing (100,100) as
shown in Figure 5.
Start
Fig.5. Grayscale of Melanoma Skin Cancer Image Convert into
Filtering Image
Read Images
4.2 Feature Extraction of Skin Cancer Images

Convert to Gray In this part, the extract of skin cancer image feature combined
Scale Images with six factors. The feature extraction program is also de-
scribed in Figure 6.

Resize Images
Start
(100,100)

Extract Texture
Image (Entrofilt)
Filter (Sharpening)

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Edge Image (Canny)

End
Texture Value

Fig.3. Preprocessing of Skin Cancer Images

(Entropy)

Feature Reduction
(Edge)

Feature Reduction
(Texture Image)

Combined the
Features (Entropy,
Feature Reduction)

End

Fig. 4. Convert the Melanoma Skin Cancer Image into Gray- Fig.6. Flowchart of Feature Extraction
They are extract the texture image using entrofilt as shown in
scale
Figure 7(a), edge image using canny method as shown in Fig-
ure 7(b), extract texture value using entropy, feature reduction
(Edge image), feature reduction (texture image) and combined
features.

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• Thin Thin is currently holding master’s degree in electronic engineering in
Technological University (Magway), Myanmar, PH-959400431809. E-
mail: thinthintum.iot@gmail.com
———————————————
• Yu Yu Mon Win is currently holding masters degree in electronic engi-
neering in Technological University (Magway), Myanmar, PH-
959455650005. E-mail: yumonwin.nov@gmail.com
• Dr May Thwe Oo is currently holding masters degree in electronic engi- (a) Texture Image (b) Edge Detection Image
neering in Technological University (Magway), Myanmar, PH-
959402566583. E-mail: maythweoomtu@gmail.com Fig.7. Melanoma Skin Cancer Image (a) Texture Image

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 7, July-2019 29
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4.3 Texture Value (Entropy) 5 TESTS AND RESULTS

The image histogram may be considered a probabil- 5.1 Simulation Result of Analysis in Skin Cancer Images
ity distribution over pixel values. Entropy is a statistical
measure of randomness that can be used to characterize the
texture of the input image. The entropy function treats it as
a multidimensional grayscale image and not as an RGB image.
Entropy converts any class other than logical to uint8
for the histogram count calculation so that the pixel values are
discrete and directly correspond to a bin value. The unit of
entropy is bits when using logarithms to base 2.
When all intensities occur will equal frequency and
corresponding to a uniform histogram, the entropy has a max-
imum value. It has a minimum value of 0 when all pixels have
the same intensity. The entropy is one measure of the infor-
mation content of an image. Because it is calculated from the
histogram, it is unable to take spatial factors into considera-
tion. Fig.9. Simulation Result of Analysis in Non-Melanoma Skin
Cancer Image
4.4 Feature Reduction
The feature reduction of vector quantization method
used for reduces the texture image feature values and edge

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image feature values. And then these feature reduction values
and texture values are combined in (.mat) file for testing im-
ages.

4.5 System Flow Chart

Start

Load Image

Preprocessing

Feature

Fig.10. Simulation Result of Analysis in Melanoma Skin

Extraction

Read Symptoms
Cancer Image

Feature Matching 5.2 Simulation Result of Choose Type

Yes Non- No
melanoma?

Otherwise
Yes No Melanoma
All
Symptoms? ?
Yes

No All Yes
Symptoms?

Non-melanoma Possible
Skin Cancer Non-melanoma Skin
Cancer Melanoma
Possible Melanoma
Skin Cancer Skin Cancer

Not-identified
End

Fig.8. Flow Chart For Test Image

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 7, July-2019 30
ISSN 2229-5518

Fig.11. First Step of Loading Input Image Fig.15. Non-melanoma Result of Tested Image

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Fig.12. Selected Input Image Symptoms

Fig.16. Possible Non-melanoma Result

6 Conclusion
This research really tends to provide diagnosis sup-
port to physicians or radiologists by displaying relevant past
case to classify into Non-melanoma or Melanoma of skin can-
cer images. Providing physicians with a set of pathologically-
confirmed benign or malignant of skin cancer images which
are of high similarity to a new difficult case, can help them to
more confidently render a precise diagnostic decision and the
Fig.13. Melanoma Result of Tested Image CBIR system implemented regarding this concept performs as
a powerful instructive tool for inexperienced physicians. The
accuracy of test performance is fifty percentages. The system
performance can be improved by combining the doctor’s
background knowledge.

.Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank their parents, and all teachers.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 7, July-2019 31
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