B

Name
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Class
NEW SENIOR SECONDARY
Class number
PHYSICS AT WORK
(SECOND EDITION)

Teacher's
Use Only
MOCK EXAMINATION 2022
Question No. Marks
PHYSICS PAPER 1
1 /8
Section B: Question-Answer Book B
This paper must be answered in English 2 /8

3 /9
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B
4 / 13
(1) After the announcement of the start of the examination,
you should first insert your information in the spaces 5 /7
provided on Page 1. 6 /7
(2) Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the
7 / 10
Question Paper for Section A.

(3) Answer ALL questions. 8 / 10

(4) Write your answers in the spaces provided in this 9 /7

Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins.
Answers written in the margins will not be marked. 10 /5

(5) Graph paper and supplementary answer sheets will be Total / 84

provided on request. Insert the information required, mark
the question number box, and fasten them with string
INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.

(6) No extra time will be given for inserting your information

or filling in the question number boxes after the ‘Time is
up’ announcement.

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Section B: Answer ALL questions. Parts marked with * involve knowledge of the extension
component. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 A student builds an air cooler by putting a water-filled sponge behind an electric fan as
shown in Figure 1.1. A small water pump keeps adding water (at room temperature) to the
sponge. The fan draws warm air through the sponge. As air passes through the sponge,
some of the water in the sponge evaporates and the air is cooled. Then the fan blows the
cool air out.

water-filled sponge

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

warm air cool air

water pump
electric fan

water

Figure 1.1

Given: specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1

specific heat capacity of air = 1000 J kg–1 K–1
specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26  106 J kg–1
mass of 1 m3 of air = 1.3 kg

(a) The student estimates that 8 m3 of air is drawn through the cooler per minute. This
causes 10 g of water in the cooler to evaporate.

(i) How much energy is needed for 10 g of water to evaporate? (2 marks)

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(ii) Assume that all the energy needed for the water to evaporate comes from the
air. By how many degrees Celsius is the air cooled? (2 marks)

(b) The student claims that in order to have the cooler working properly, all the
windows and the door should be closed during operation. Comment on his claim.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(3 marks)

(c) Suggest one way to enhance the cooling effect of the cooler. (1 mark)

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*2 A container traps 173 cm3 of air. The trapped air is at a pressure of 1.01  105 Pa and its
temperature is 19 C. Assume the trapped air consists of identical molecules and behaves
like an ideal gas.

(a) Find the number of air molecules in the trapped air. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b) (i) Find the average separation of the air molecules. (2 marks)

(ii) If the size of an air molecule is of the order 10 –10 m, explain how the result in
(i) supports an assumption made in the kinetic theory of ideal gas. (2 marks)

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(c) The mass of an air molecule is 4.7  10–26 kg. Find the mean square value of the
velocities of the molecules. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

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3 Figure 3.1 shows the stroke cycle of a breast-stroke swimmer and how his velocity in the
forward direction v varies with time t during one stroke cycle.

kick

ABCDE

v /m s–
1
A E
2.0
C
1.6

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

B
1.2
D
0.8

0.4 t /s
00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4

kick

Figure 3.1

(a) Estimate from the graph the average acceleration of the swimmer during the ‘kick’
part of the cycle (t = 0.9 s to 1.3 s). (2 marks)

(b) In Figure 3.2, draw and label all the forces acting on the swimmer at t = 0, i.e.
when the swimmer is completely straight. (2 marks)

Figure 3.2

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(c) If the swimmer has a mass of 55 kg and has to overcome an average water
resistance of 50 N during the kick, what is the magnitude and direction of the
average force that his legs exert on the water during the kick? (3 marks)

(d) Give TWO reasons why he slows down significantly from 0.6 s to 0.9 s. (2 marks)

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4 Craters can be found on the surface of the Moon (Fig 4.1). They are formed by meteors
hitting the Moon’s surface.

marble

sand

Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2

(Photo credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University)

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Tom simulates the formation of craters by dropping a marble into a tray of sand (Fig 4.2).
He drops the marble from different heights h and measures the diameter d of each crater
that is formed. Figure 4.3 shows the result of the simulation.

d / cm

10

0 h / cm
10203040

Figure 4.3

(a) State a form of energy acquired by the sand as the marble hits it. (1 mark)

(b) In Figure 4.3, draw a suitable line according to the points and estimate the diameter
of the crater that is formed when the marble is dropped from a height of 15 cm.
(2 marks)

Diameter of crater = _____________

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(c) Tom then finds some more marbles of different known masses. Describe the
procedure to investigate how the mass of the marble affects the size of the crater
formed. State a precaution Tom should carry out when doing the investigation.
(5 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

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(d) Tom drops a marble of mass 10 g from a height of 35 cm. The crater formed has a
depth of 7 cm. Estimate the average resistive force acting on the marble by the
sand. (2 marks)

*(e) Given: mass of the Moon = 7.35  1022 kg

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

radius of the Moon = 1.74  106 m

(i) Find the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon. (2 marks)

(ii) If the simulations were done on the Moon instead of the Earth, describe any
change in the kinetic energy of the marble when hitting the sand. (1 mark)

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5 Figure 5.1 shows the structure of a simple camera. It consists of a lens and an image
sensor. The distance between the lens and the sensor is adjustable. The opening in front of
the lens allows light to enter the camera. Its size is adjustable.

lens

size of opening
can be adjusted
image sensor

lens can be
moved forwards
and backwards

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Figure 5.1

The focal length of the lens is 20 cm. A point object P is 60 cm in front of the lens.

(a) In Figure 5.2 below, complete the light ray and locate the image of P graphically.
Hence find the lens-to-sensor distance in order to take a sharp picture of P.
(3 marks)

lens 10 cm

principal axis
P

Figure 5.2

Lens-to-sensor distance =

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(b) The camera with the lens-to-sensor distance found in (a) is used to take a picture of
another point object Q, which is at another distance from the camera. Figure 5.3
shows Q and its image. The image is not on the image sensor, so the picture of Q
appears blurred.

image of Q

Figure 5.3

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(i) Is Q closer to or farther away from the camera than P? (1 mark)

(ii) The opening of the lens is then made smaller so that the cone of rays entering
the camera becomes smaller (Fig 5.4). What happens to the sharpness of the
picture of Q taken by the camera? Hence suggest a setting of the camera to
take a reasonably sharp picture of both P and Q. (2 marks)

larger opening smaller opening

Figure 5.4

(iii) Describe another effect on the picture taken when the opening of the lens is
made smaller. (1 mark)

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6 A student directs laser light of wavelength 630 nm onto a plane transmission grating as
shown in Figure 6.1. A pattern of bright spots is observed on screen.

screen

laser
grating pointer

Figure 6.1

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(a) The grating has 250 lines per mm. Calculate the angle  between the central
maximum and the second order maximum. (2 marks)

(b) Describe the change on the pattern observed when the following changes are made.

(i) The grating is replaced by another one which has 600 lines per mm. (1 mark)

(ii) The grating is replaced by a double slit. (2 marks)

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(c) Explain how the formation of bright spots by the grating supports that light is a
wave instead of a stream of particles. (2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

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*7 Read the following passage about a mass spectrometer and answer the questions that
follow.

A mass spectrometer is an instrument that can separate charged particles of different

masses. Figure 7.1 shows its main parts. Part 1 is a region with uniform electric field and
magnetic field perpendicular to each other. This part serves as a velocity selector that only
allows charged particles with a certain definite velocity to pass through. Part 2 is a
semicircular region with uniform magnetic field only. Charged particles entering this
region will move in a semicircular path and will be detected by the detector which can
moved along AB. The location of detection depends on the mass of the charged particle.

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part 1part 2

uniform electric field

uniform magnetic field

charged particle with

a certain velocity

uniform
magnetic field
A

detector

Figure 7.1

In this question, neglect the effect of gravity.

(a) An ion X of charge +e and mass 9.62  10–26 kg enters Part 1 of the instrument.
Given that the electric field strength is 600 N C–1 and the magnetic field is 6 mT in
this region.

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(i) Find the magnitude and direction of the electric force acting on X.
(3 marks)

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(ii) Find the speed of X. (2 marks)

(b) X then enters part 2 of the instrument. The magnetic field there is 0.12 T.

(i) Find the radius of curvature of the orbit of X. (2 marks)

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(ii) The mass of another ion Y is 60/58 that of X. They carry the same charge and
enter part 1 of the instrument along the same path with the same velocity. In
which direction and by what distance should the detector be moved to detect
Y after detecting X? (3 marks)

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8 Figure 8.1 shows a 12-V battery of negligible internal resistance connected to a

combination of three resistors and a photoresistor. Initially, the resistance of the
photoresistor is 3 k.

12 V

10 k C 10 k
A E

2k D

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B F

photoresistor

Figure 8.1

(a) Calculate the current drawn from the battery. (3 marks)

(b) Find the potential differences between

(i) points C and E; (2 marks)

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(ii) points D and F; (1 mark)

(iii) points C and D; (1 mark)

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(c) Light is then shone on the photoresistor so that its resistance decreases. State and
explain the effects this has on the potential differences between points D and F.
(3 marks)

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9 Figure 9.1 shows the main components of an eddy current brake. A metal disc is fixed to
the rotating axle of a wheel of a vehicle. An electromagnet is mounted with its poles
placed on either side of the metal disc without touching it. When the vehicle moves, the
axle, the metal disc and the wheel rotate together. When the brake is applied, a direct
current passes through the coil of the electromagnet and a magnetic field is produced
through the metal disc. The disc together with the wheel will then be slowed down.

wheel coil

electromagnet

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rotating axle

metal disc wheel

Figure 9.1 (Photo credit: Take-y at Japanese Wikipedia)

(a) The brake is applied when the metal disc is rotating. Figure 9.2 shows the region
where the electromagnet produces a magnetic field through the metal disc. The disc
is rotating clockwise and the magnetic field points into the page.

disc rotating clockwise

metal disc magnetic field

Figure 9.2

(i) In Figure 9.2, draw loops to represent eddy currents induced in the metal
disc. Use arrows to indicate the direction of current. (2 marks)

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(ii) In terms of the magnetic force acting on the metal disc, explain why the disc
is slowed down when the brake is applied. (2 marks)

(iii) State one way to increase the strength of the electromagnet. (1 mark)

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(b) A conventional brake slows down the vehicle by bringing friction pads into contact
with the moving wheels. State one advantage and one disadvantage of an eddy
current brake compared to a conventional brake. (2 marks)

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222
10 Radon-222 ( 86 R n ) is an inert, colourless, odorless and tasteless gas that is given off from
radioactive substances present in small amount in rocks, soil, building materials, etc. It
seeps through the building materials and can build up in rooms with poor ventilation. It
poses a significant health hazard in such places because it is radioactive and can cause
lung cancer.

(a) Radon-222 decays to a stable form of lead (Pb) via 4 alpha decays and 4 beta
decays. Find the mass number and atomic number of this stable isotope of lead.
(2 marks)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b) Explain why radon gas poses a higher health hazard than other radioactive
substances in building materials. (2 marks)

(c) A certain amount of pure radon-222 gas is kept in a lead container. After 3.8 days
the number of radon-222 molecules becomes half. However, the activity inside the
container is considerably higher than half the origin activity. Suggest a reason why.
(1 mark)

END OF PAPER

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