GCSE MATHS NEED TO KNOW 2019-2020 - FOUNDATION

GEOMETRY
A) Angle facts - lines B) Angle facts – triangles and quadrilaterals

1 Vertically opposite angles are equal

7 Angles in a triangle add up to 180

2 Angles on a straight line add up to 180

8 Two angles of an isosceles triangle are equal, tow sides are
equal
3 Angles at a point add up to 360
9 Angles in an equilateral triangle are equal (all 60), all
sides are equal

4 Al ternate angles a re equal 10 Angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360

5 Corres ponding angles a re equal C) Angle facts - polygons

11 Exterior angles of a polygon add up to 360°

6 Co-i nterior angles a dd up to 180

12 The interior and exterior angle add up to 180°
of any polygon

D) Congruence and similarity 13 The sum of the interior angles (number of sides-2) x 180º
of a polygon can be found by
15 The four congruency SSS using the formula
tests are…. ASA
SAS
RASH 14 Regular polygons have all sides
the same length and all angles
16 Triangles are similar if… All angles are the same (AAA the same size
They are an enlargement of
each other
F) Volumes
17 Area scale factor Length scale factor 2

18 Volume scale factor Length scale factor 3

23 Volume of a cuboid =lxwxh

E) Area Formulas

24 Volume of a prism = area of cross section x l

19 Area of a rectangle = length x width

20 Area of a parallelogram =base x perpendicular

height 25 Volume of a cylinder = 𝜋𝑟2 x h

21 Area of a triangle 1
= base x perpendicular
2
height 26 Pyramid 1
= × 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ
3
22 Area of a trapezium = ½ (a + b) x h

G) Surface area

26 Surface area of a prism The sum of the area of all

the 2D faces

27 Surface area of a cylinder 2 × 𝜋𝑟2 + 𝜋𝑑 × ℎ

“Half the sum of the parallel sides, times the distance between them
That is how you calculate
The area of a trapezium”
H) Circles I) Pythagoras and Trigonometry

28 Circumference = 𝜋 𝑥 𝑑 32 Pythagoras’ Theorem 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2

For a right angled triangle is…..

29 Area = 𝜋𝑟2 c is always the hypotenuse!

33 The trigonometric ratios are 𝑜𝑝𝑝

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝
30 Area of a sector 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗
× 𝜋𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
360 ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑜𝑝𝑝
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
31 Arc length 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗
× 𝜋𝑑 SOHCAHTOA
360

J) Exact values
K) Describing Transformations
34
35 Rotation • Direction (clockwise or anticlockwise)
• Degrees
• Centre of rotation

36 Reflection • Line of reflection

37 Translation • Vector 𝑥𝑦 where x is the horizontal

movement and y is the vertical

38 Enlargement • Scale factor

• Centre of enlargement Circumference is pi times diameter, pi times diameter, pi times diameter
Circumference is pi times diameter, pi times diameter, pi times diameter
NUMBER Area is pi r squared

L) FDP M) Indices

39 To find a % of an Find 10% (by dividing by 10) 50 𝑎𝑏 × 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏+𝑐

amount… Find 1% (by dividing by 100) When multiplying terms Add the powers
with the same base….
40 100% 1
1
51 𝑎𝑏
41 50% 0.5 or 𝑎𝑏−𝑐
2 𝑎𝑐
When dividing terms with Subtract the powers
42 25% 1
0.25 or the same base….
4

43 12.5% 1 52 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
0.125 or
8
1
53 𝑎0 1
44 10% 0.1 or
10

45 % increase Find the % and add it on N) Standard form

% decrease Find the % and take it away 54 0.0004 4 x 10 -4 (the number must be between
1 and 10)
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
46 % change (% profit × 100
or loss) 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 55 40000 4 x 10 4 (the number must be between
1 and 10)
47 Compound interest original x % multiplier number of years

O) Special Numbers
48 Convert a fraction Make the denominator 10 or 100
to a decimal OR Divide the numerator by the 56 A factor is A number that divides into another number
denominator without a remainder, factors always come
49 Convert a decimal X 100 in pairs
to a % 57 A multiple is A number in a given numbers times table

58 A square Is a number multiplied by itself: 1, 4, 16, 25,

“Factors come in two by two, hurrah, hurrah” number 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225

“Multiples are in the times tables…” 59 A prime Has only two factors, one and itself: 2, 3, 5,
number 7, 11, 13, 17……
 P) Conversions
ALGEBRA
60 1 cm 10mm
Q) Equations
61 1m 100cm
69 Like terms have what… Same letter, same index
62 1km 1000m

63 cm → m ÷ 100 R) Inequalities

64 m → cm × 100 70 ≤ Less than or equal to

65 cm2 → m2 ÷ 1002
71 < Less than
66 cm3 → m3 ÷ 1003
72 ≥ Greater than or equal to
67 1kg 1000g

68 1l 1000ml
73 > Greater than

T) Compound measures
S) Graphs
79 Speed 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 74 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑚 = gradient
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
=
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑐 = 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 (where the line
80 Density 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = crosses y axis)
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
75 To find the mid-point 𝑥1+𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑦2
( , )
2 2

81 Pressure 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 76 Parallel lines Have the same gradient

𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 1
77 Perpendicular lines Gradient = −
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

78 Roots or solutions are The points at which the graph passes

through the x-axis
DATA, RATIO AND PROPORTION
U) Correlation V) Averages

82 Positive correlation As one variable increases the 88 Mean Add all the numbers and divide by how many
means… other variable increases, this there are
looks like:
89 Median Order the numbers from smallest to biggest
and find the middle number

90 Mode Most frequent

83 Negative correlation As one variable increases the
91 Range Difference between the highest and lowest
means…. other variable decreases, this
value
looks like:
92 Mean from a 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑥
frequency table 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹
93 Mean from a 1. Find the mid point of each group
84 No correlation means…. There is no relationship grouped 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑥
2.
between the two variables,this frequency table 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹
looks like:

Mean is average, mean is average

Mode is most, mode is most
Median’s in the middle, median’s in the middle
85 Line of best fit A straight line drawn with a Range high take low, high take low
ruler that goes through the
data with roughly the same
number of points on each side W) Probability
of the line
94 Probabilities of Add up to 1
86 Interpolation Estimating a value within a mutually exclusive
given data set events
87 Extrapolation Estimating a value outside the 95 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) Probability of A AND B
give date set by assuming a
trend 97 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) Probability of A OR B