Chapter II

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents a body of well-read and compiled readings and studies from
diverse academic sources on the factors considered influencing the career preferences of
students in today’s generation. This chapter also presents a comprehensive review of relevant
literature and studies pertaining to the future career preferences of students, exploring factors
influencing career choices, emerging trends in career decision-making, and the impact of
educational interventions on shaping students' career aspirations.
Related Literature
According to Allen and Daly (2007), spending the time with children for the sake of
taking their care provides the fathers with opportunities to show their affection towards their
children. It always assists them to nurture their children. Exploring a range of factors that may
influence choosing a career by the management students in India, Agarwala (2008) found,
“Skills, competencies, and abilities were the most important factor and father was the most
significant individual influencing the career choice of Indian management students” (p. 362).
While determining the influence of certain factors including gender, age, location,
paternal and maternal occupation as well as their education levels on the career preferences of
students in Malaysia, Huern, Khairuddin, Ismail, and De (2015) found that not only the fathers
but also occupations also play a significant role in the preference of career path of children.
According to Bhattacharya (2013), the career of an individual can be stated traditionally as a
course of the successive situation, which makes up the work life of that individual. In the modern
and fast changing world, students are more intended to seek their career that ultimately leads
them towards good status in their society

Related Studies
Rani (2014) conducts a study to explore the impact of parenting style on the career
choice of students and found that parents play a key role in the career development of students.
It was concluded to the study that parents had a strong influence over the career choices their
children make, which can be both intentionally and inadvertently. It was found that students
pursue career guidance and sanction most often from their parents. Their influence can either
inspire children to explore a diverse set of potential occupations or to stick to a path they think
their parents will approve. Also, those influence may be positive or negative depending upon the
moral values, educational level and financial status of the parents.
While determining the influence of parents on the decision of African American students,
Hairston (2000) found, “In early adulthood, many African American children, particularly African
American females are influenced by the aspirations of their mothers” (p. 7). This study further
explains that mothers are cited as influential figures, particularly because they provide their
children with support, which eases the apprehensions of students about career choice.
Considering this factor, Hairston (2000) believes a strong influence of mothers on the career
choice of students. Many other studies examined in depth parents behavior and
influence on their children‘s career development process, as well as perception of
―students‖ about parental influence on career choice. Results of these studies
illustrated that children also perceived their parents as having high expectations about
their studies as well as influencing choice of their future career.
CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This chapter presents information about the research design, subjects of the study,
population and sample, research instrument, data gathering procedure and data analysis.

Research design
This study made use of the qualitative method of research.
Creswell (2013) defines qualitative research as an approach for exploring and
understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. The
research process involves emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in the
participant’s setting, data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes, and
making interpretations of the meaning of the data. In entire qualitative research process, the
researcher focuses on learning the meaning that the participant hold about the problem or
issue,
not the meaning that the researchers bring to the research or that the writers express in the
literature.

Phenomenological approach was specifically used to determine the lived experiences of
the participants. This approach aims to illuminate the specific, to identify phenomena through
how they are perceived by the actors in a situation. In the human sphere this normally translates
into
gathering ‘deep’ information and perceptions through inductive, qualitative methods such as
interviews, discussions and participant observation, and representing it from the perspective of
the research participant(s).

Phenomenology is concerned with the study of experience from the perspective of the
individual, ‘bracketing’ taken-for-granted assumptions and usual ways of perceiving.
Epistemologically, phenomenological approaches are based on a paradigm of personal
knowledge and subjectivity and emphasize the importance of personal perspective and
interpretations. As such they are powerful for understanding subjective experience, gaining
insights into people’s motivations and actions, and cutting through the clutter of taken-for-
granted
assumptions and conventional wisdom.

With this design, the researcher had hoped that he would determine the pedagogical
practices employed in language classrooms in public secondary Senior High Schools in
Oriental
Mindoro and ultimately its impact to the students.

Subjects of the study
Subjects of this research are 6 Generation Z residents in Barangay Pinagsabangan II.
These will include the students that …

Population and sample
Purposive sampling was employed to identify and select participants from the
identified Generation Z residents in Barangay Pinagsabangan II. An individual, face-to-face,
semi-structured interview was used to gather pertinent information from the subjects.
A total of 6 respondents participated in this study. The approved semi-structured
interview guide served as the instrument of the study.

Research instrument
The researcher primarily used a semi-structured interview guide validated by the research
adviser and panel of validators. There was one set of questions to be used for all the
interviews.
Interview was done face-to-face, one-on-one, and in person to allow the participants to provide
historical information and to also allow the researchers to have control over the line of
questioning
(Creswell, 2013).
The researcher used audio recorder, cellphone and camera during the interview. Pen,
paper and computer were necessary in encoding and transcribing the answers of the
participants
of the study.

Data gathering procedure

In gathering data, the researcher sent a letter to the Schools Division Superintendent as
well as to the School Principals of the identified public Senior High schools in the Schools
Division
of Oriental Mindoro to secure permission for the conduct of the study. Upon approval, the
researcher conducted an interview with the subjects of the study and informed them that the
results of this study would be confidential. He politely requested that the respondents answer
the
questions honestly and comprehensively. The primary method of data collection was
interviews.
Once participants for interviews were selected, face-to-face interviews on site were conducted.
Creswell (2013) recommended that when using individual interviews, the researcher should be
sure that participants are not hesitant to speak and that they are in a comfortable location.
Doing
so will free flow of ideas and information from the respondents.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

educational interventions on shaping students' career aspirations.

According to Bhattacharya (2013), the career of an individual can be stated traditionally as a

them towards good status in their society

moral values, educational level and financial status of the parents.

influence on their children‘s career development process, as well as perception of

―students‖ about parental influence on career choice. Results of these studies

their studies as well as influencing choice of their future career.

Data gathering procedure

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