LCP LYCORDECK®

Structural Steel Deck

BUILDING PRODUCTS
Technical Manual
(Designed to Eurocode)

Integrity In Partnership CERT NO. FM 59595

BS EN ISO 9001 : 2008
 LCP LYCORDECK ®
FEATURE
LCP LYCORDECK® (formerly known as CONDECK® HP)
Steel Decking is designed to be used in composite
slab construction and save reinforcing material and
construction time.

All relevant and latest Eurocodes were used to ensure

that LCP LYCORDECK® Steel Decking performs at the
highest level in accordance with the latest Singapore
and International requirements.

INTRODUCING UPDATED LCP LYCORDECK® STEEL DECKING LCP LYCORDECK® superior benefits:

With a constant need to keep abreast of international Superior span performance – for greater span
standards meeting industry needs and building authority capacity.
requirements, LCPBP engaged a local academic
institution to conduct full-scale tests to ascertain that its Substantially reduced side lap fasteners – reduced
design adheres to Eurocodes 1, 3 & 4. With this update, installation time.
we launch the steel decking as LCPoLYCORDECK® in line
with our brand of building products trusted by many of Facility for ceiling system suspension – for quicker
our clients. ceiling installation if required.

The steel decking will still retain the advantages derived Improved fire resistance periods – for even more cost
from its unique characteristics, i.e. the closed rib profile, effective slabs.
which sets it apart from its competitors.

27mm 30mm

Rib Height
Rib Height

55mm
54mm

300mm Cover Width (±1mm)

MATERIALS
LCPoLYCORDECK® Steel Decking is a cold formed section
manufactured from high strength galvanised steel in
base thickness of 0.75mm, 1.00mm and 1.20mm. Steel
product is G550 base material (550MPa minimum yield
stress) for 0.75mm and 1.00mm Lycordeck Steel Decking
and G500 base material for 1.20mm LCPoLYCORDECK®
Steel Decking, both with Z275 galvanised coating
(275fgrams per square meter minimum coating mass) in
accordance with AS1397:1993.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 01

LCP LYCORDECK ®
PROPERTIES
Special request options:
LCP LYCORDECK® - Mass/Thickness Table
Thickness Material Mass 1. 1.2mm Base Metal Thickness.
BMT TCT 2. Heavier galvanised coatings.
kg/m2 kg/m
(mm) (mm)
3. Pre-painted coating to LCPoLYCORDECK®
0.75 0.78 10.1 3.0 ceiling and soffit.
1.00 1.03 13.2 4.0
Please contact LCPBP for Technical Specification.
1.20 1.23 15.8 4.8

SECTION PROPERTIES

Zcg

Section Properties (per metre width) SS EN 1993-1-3

Stiffness for Local
Moment Shear
Gross Section Properties deflection transverse
BMT Mass fyb resistance resistance
calculation resistance
Area Zcg I Wg,bot Wg,top Isingle Icont M+c,Rd M-c,Rd Vb,Rd ‡ Rw,Rd
mm kg/m2 mm2 mm x103mm4 x103mm3 x103mm3 x103mm4 x103mm4 MPa kNm kNm kN kN
0.75 10.1 1215 15.6 484 31.0 12.3 428 318 550 4.9 6.8 55.9 49.5
1.00 13.2 1620 15.7 636 40.6 16.1 595 487 550 8.0 9.0 99.3 80.1
1.20 15.8 1944 15.7 755 48.2 19.2 722 621 500 9.4 9.8 123 103

Zcg - Distance from base of rib to centre of gravity of panel Mp - Ultimate moment capacity of positive moment regions
I - Second moment of area of section Mn - Ultimate moment capacity of negative moment
Isingle - Second moment of area for computing rib deflection regions
of single spans Vb,Rd - Ultimate shear capacity
Icont - Second moment of area for computing rib deflection Rw,Rd - Ultimate web crushing resistance
of continuous spans
‡ Based on 200mm stiffener support bearing.

02 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
UNPROPPED SPAN TABLE
Designers can use this table to determine the required unpropped span.
Please note, the slab will still need to be checked for composite design and if necessary fire resistance design.

LCP LYCORDECK® Unpropped Formwork Span (mm)

Slab 0.75 mm BMT 1.0 mm BMT 1.2 mm BMT
Thickness Single Double Triple Single Double Triple Single Double Triple
(mm) Span Span Span Span Span Span Span Span Span
100 2640 3050 2940 2920 3620 3360 3100 3830 3620
105 2600 3000 2900 2880 3560 3320 3060 3780 3570
110 2570 2950 2870 2850 3500 3280 3020 3720 3530
115 2540 2900 2830 2810 3460 3240 3000 3670 3490
120 2510 2850 2800 2780 3400 3200 2950 3620 3450
125 2480 2800 2770 2750 3350 3170 2920 3580 3410
130 2450 2760 2740 2720 3300 3130 2890 3530 3380
135 2430 2720 2700 2690 3260 3100 2860 3480 3350
150 2350 2600 2630 2610 3130 3010 2770 3350 3250
175 2250 2430 2510 2500 2940 2880 2650 3150 3110
200 2160 2280 2410 2400 2780 2770 2550 2980 2990
225 2080 2160 2330 2320 2640 2670 2460 2830 2890
250 1990 2040 2250 2240 2500 2590 2390 2700 2800
275 1910 1940 2160 2180 2400 2520 2320 2580 2720
300 1840 1850 2060 2120 2290 2450 2260 2480 2650

Note: Concrete density adopted is 2500kg/m , the spanning capacity can be enhanced by adopting LCP LYCORDECK®
2

3rd Rib accessory, consult LCPBP Technical Department. Values are rounded down to the nearest 10mm.

3RD RIB ENHANCED SPANNING

The exclusive LCP LYCORDECK® 3rd Rib accessory,
developed by LCPBP, is fastened along the side of the
Galvanised steel # 10-16x20 HWFS (Self-
end span ribs to significantly reduce end span deflection LCP LYCORDECK® Tapping & Self-Drilling
under wet concrete. This effectively eliminates the LCP 3rd Rib
Fasteners)
design limits imposed by end spans. LCPoLYCORDECK®
3rd Rib accessory can be used to increase unpropped
end spans.

LCP LYCORDECK®
Accessories
(super 3rd Rib)
# 10-16x20 HWFS @
1500mm Cente to Centre
# 10-16x20 HWFS (Self- (Self-Tapping & Self-
Tapping & Self-Drilling Drilling Fasteners)
Fasteners)

LCP LYCORDECK® 3rd Rib accessory increases the

spanning performance of LCP LYCORDECK® composite
decking in several ways.

Besides reducing lateral rib distortion and tray

deflection, it increases the stiffness of the composite
slab and increases the deck spans. With greater deck
span, there is a reduction in the amount of propping
required. This accessory is simple to install and is only
required on decking end spans. Please consult LCP
Technical Department.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 03

LCP LYCORDECK ®
TESTING PROGRAMME
Design data for LCP LYCORDECK® composite decking is based on thorough testing of performance in formwork,
composite and fire design modes.

Full-scale and pilot tests were carried out by the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Nanyang
Technological University (NTU) and Building Research Association of New Zealand (BRANZ).

The tests conducted on LCP LYCORDECK® with reference to Eurocode 4 include:

Shear and bending resistance of LCP LYCORDECK® at ambient temperature.

An experimental study of heat transfer through LCP LYCORDECK® composite slabs to evaluate temperature
distributions across the thickness of the slab.

LCP LYCORDECK® composite slab under loading in fire situation.

EC3 & BS LOADING COMPARISON

Construction Stage EUROCODE BRITISH STANDARD
Working personnel with small site equipment, Qca:qca,k = 0.75 kN/m 2

[Considered in Actions (1) and (2)] 1.5 kN/m2

[Spans ≥ 3m]
Construction load
4.5/span kN/m2
Weight of fresh concrete for design thickness, Qcf: qcf,k = project requirements [Spans < 3m]
[Considered in Actions (2) and (3)]
{Refer to BS5950: Part 4: 1994}
{Refer to SS EN-1991-1-6:2009, 4.11.2, Table 4.2 for definition of Actions}
Permanent: 1.35 Dead load: 1.4
Partial Safety Factor Variable: 1.5 Construction load: 1.6

{Refer to SS EN-1990:2008} {Refer to BS5950: Part 4: 1994}

Composite Stage EUROCODE BRITISH STANDARD
Partial safety factors for reinforcing steel
Persistent & ys=1.15 ym=1.05
Transient design
situation {Refer to SS EN 1992-1-1:2004} {Refer to BS8110: Part 1: 1997}

04 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
KEY ADVANTAGES AT DIFFERENT STAGES
Construction stage

Ease of installation
Labour savings during installation
Time savings during installation
No need for rib-end closures

Composite stage

Reduced steel reinforcement

Resistance to deflection
Flexible placement of shear studs
Maintains sound and vibration insulation

Fire Emergency stage

Embedded ribs act as Fire Emergency Reinforcement

(F.E.R.)
Unrestricted placement of fire reinforcement

ADVANTAGES IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Ease of installation

The 300mm sheet width of LCP LYCORDECK® composite

decking makes it easy to carry, simple to cut and
trim and easier to fit to the floor layout with minimal
wastage. Its light weight allows two people to carry long
continuous lengths. Once in place the wide pan is easy
and safe to walk in.

Labour savings

LCP LYCORDECK® decking requires no timber formworks

and can be installed by semi-skilled labour under
supervision. The wide trays allow easy installation of
penetrations.

Time savings

The characteristic sheet interlocking of LCP LYCORDECK®

composite decking ensures quick and cost-effective
installation. Side lap fasteners are often not required to
connect the interlocking sheets.

Fastening to attach the sheet to the structure is minimal.

No need for rib-end closures

The closed ribs of the LCPoLYCORDECK® does not require rib end closures or taping of joints therefore lowering installation
time and costs.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 05

LCP LYCORDECK ®
ADVANTAGES IN COMPOSITE STAGE

Reduced steel reinforcement

Generally, conventional positive reinforcement is not

required. LCP LYCORDECK® composite decking acts as
positive reinforcement to optimize strength and control
composite slab deflection.
Negative reinforcement may be reduced in many
continuous slabs by applying partial shear connection
strength factor to take account of moment redistribution.

Resistance to deflection

Deflection of completed composite slab is often the

governing design criterion. LCP LYCORDECK® composite
decking has excellent resistance to deflection due to
its ribs being fully enclosed in the concrete slab. The ribs
are embedded in the slab to provide maximum stiffness.

Flexible placement of shear studs

There are effectively no restrictions on the placement

of shear studs with LCP LYCORDECK® composite slab.
Therefore, flexibility in beam design provide engineers
with the opportunity to reduce the size of I-beams by
up to 20%.

Design virtually any stud configuration with 100mm,

200mm or 300mm centres.

95mm Minimum
(Typical)

45mm Minimum
(Typical)
10 stud/metre (single row) - nominal 100mm spacing

Maintains sound and vibration insulation

The LCP LYCORDECK® composite slab does not

compromise on sound insulation and vibration as it
is similar to a solid slab with the ribs being completely
encased in concrete with no voids in between.

06 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
ADVANTAGES IN FIRE EMERGENCY STAGE

Embedded ribs act as Fire Emergency Reinforcement (F.E.R.)

LCP LYCORDECK® composite decking has all its profile

ribs embedded in finished concrete slab giving thermal
insulation comparable to a solid slab.
Compared with trapezoidal and re-entrant decks, there
are no gaps at the soffit of the slab for heat to penetrate.
This allows the ribs to remain cool and act as FER.
Based on the simplified FER design method for
LCPoLYCORDECK® composite decking, minimal or even
no additional reinforcement may be required.

Concrete

Unrestricted Placement of F.E.R.

Since the ribs of LCP LYCORDECK® are embedded in the

concrete, F.E.R. may be placed anywhere above the
ribs, unlike trapezoidal or re-entrant decks where F.E.R.
placement is limited.

Fire emergency
LCP LYCORDECK® reinforcement placed above
LCPoLYCORDECK® Steel
Decking ribs

OTHER ADVANTAGES
Flat Base

The flat base of LCP LYCORDECK® is aesthetically pleasing Skew Cut Savings
and if required, painting LCPoLYCORDECK® soffit is
straightforward. Pre-coated colour finish underside is The wastage from skew cutting of 300mm cover width
available. Please check LCP Building Products Pte. Ltd. LCP LYCORDECK® is reduced as compared to skew
Sales Department. cutting a 600mm cover width decking sheet.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 07

LCP LYCORDECK ®
INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

LCP LYCORDECK®
Steel Decking

Centre
(from p - Centre Sp
1
LCP LYCORDECK® is usually designed to support roppin a
weight of wet concrete plus a temporary g table n
)
construction load without propping. However,
if temporary props are required, the temporary
continuous prop line must be able to carry the
relevant loads.

Frame or supporting
structure

Place on proceding panel

2
Place the first LCP LYCORDECK® panel with the
narrower male rib facing direction of laying. Align
this panel over the supports ensuring a minimum
overhang or end bearing of 50mm.

Allow LCP LYCORDECK®

Steel Decking to fall into
position

3
Panel should be secured immediately in outdoor
condition against wind uplift after placing over
supports and before concrete casting. Fixing
options are puddle weld, steel pins, screw or
shear stud depend on the substrate. Heavy point
loads during construction should be distributed by
means of timber planking. Install side lap fasteners
when required.

Steel reinforcement
fabrics

4 Place the shrinkage and temperature

reinforcement (fabric) such that minimum cover
(generally 20mm to 30mm cover from top of slab)
is satisfied.

08 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

Concrete

5 The concrete must be poured evenly to the

panel ends on the prepared clean deck, in the
direction of span of the decking. Heaping of wet
concrete must be avoided. Vibrator compaction
is recommended.

Steel reinforcement
fabrics

Edgeforma Concrete

Straps at

6
Edgeforma is a lightweight, easy to use edge 600mm Centres
form. Edgeforma is available in a range of
heights to suit different slab depths. The top
flange of the Edgeforma should be tied back
to LCPoLYCORDECK® steel decking ribs every
600mm with galvanised strapping using self-drilling
fasteners. For unsupported deckings, edge fix
Edgeforma at 300mm centres.

Steel reinforcement
LCP LYCORDECK®
fabrics

7
LCP LYCORDECK® steel decking has provision for
suspended ceiling installation or support of building
services. A two part bracket is simply inserted into
the underside of any rib and held in place by the
suspension rod. The ceiling hanger is capable of
supporting a load of 2.5kN after the concrete is in
place.

Note: Side lap fasteners, installed through the vertical

web of the ribs - at no more than 500mm centers either
side of the hanger, are required if ceiling hanger is loaded
before the concrete pour. In this case, the maximum
capacity of the hanger is reduced to 0.6kN. 2 Part hanger
Ceiling rod

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 09

LCP LYCORDECK ®
Construction Stage Design Examples

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Slab thickness 120 mm No propping required

Slab span Double
Thickness (BMT) 1 mm
width of slab 1000 mm
E (elastic modulus) 210 Gpa
Length of Span 2.8 m
Mass of decking 13.07 kg/m
Density of wet concrete 2500 kg/m3
I (second moment of area) 0.487 106mm4
Design load

Factored construction load (SS EN 1991-1-6, Clause 4.11.1(2), table 4.1&4.2).

Actions to be taken into account when concreting:

1. Qca Construction Load

(10% of concrete weight under 1m width slab or 0.75 whichever is higher.)
(10% of the concrete weight under 1m width slab = 0.46 kN/m)
factored Construction Load

Qca = Wf = 1.125 kN/m

Qcf + Qca
2. Qcc self-weight of decking 3m
Qca Qca
Unfactored self-weight of decking

Wd = 0.128 kN/m 1 2 1
3 Qcc
Factored self-weight of decking Decking

Qcc = Wdf = 0.173 kN/m

3. Qcf weight of fresh concrete

Unfactored self-weight of wet concrete (without ponding effect)

Wc = 2.943 kN/m

Factored self-weight of wet concrete (without ponding effect)

Wcf = 3.973 kN/m

Unfactored self-weight of wet concrete (with ponding effect)(refer to deflection check below for more details)

Wc’= 3.398 kN/m

factored self-weight of wet concrete (with ponding effect)

Qcf = Wcf’=4.587 kN/m

Since 2.8m < 3m, the whole span is considered as working area, thus Qcc + Qca is applied across whole span

Action 1 is not considered since whole span is considered as working area.

Qcc , Qcf and Qca are applied across the entire span

Deflection check (SS EN 1994-1-1, Clause 9.6)

Deflection is caused by the unfactored load of wet concrete and decking, and such load is uniformly distributed
across the whole span of decking.

10 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®

Ponding effect is considered regardlessly. Deflection is calculated as below:

ᵟ = k / 185 x (w d
+ wc’) x L4 / El

where K = 1.37 for double span

and wc’ is the self-weight of concrete inclusive of ponding effect and it’s a function of deflection, When ponding
effect is considered, it provides an allowance for the extra mass of concrete due to panel deflection. It is obtained
by assuming an additional depth of concrete equal to 70% of the deflection. Several iterations are needed to obtain
panel deflection. The detailed iteration procedure is neglected here.

The actual deflection is calculated as: (SS EN 1994-1-1, Clause 9.3.2 (2))

wd + wc’ = 3.33 kN/m

Wet Concrete Load
= 11.01 mm < 30 mm
ᵟ < 21.54 mm (L/130)
LCP LYCORDECK®

Positive bending moment check (assume maximum deflection) k=1.0

M+Ed = kwl2 Wet Concrete Load (0.096)

= 0.07 x Wdf x L2 + 0.096 x (Wf + Wcf’) x L2 Construction Load (0.096)
= 4.39 kNm < M+c,Rd = 8.00 kNm OK LCP LYCORDECK® (0.07)

Negative bending moment check (assume maximum deflection)

M-Ed = kwl2
Wet Concrete Load (0.125)
= 0.125 x (Wdf + Wf + Wcf’) x L2
Construction Load (0.125)
= 0.125 x (0.131 +2.25 + 3.899) x 2.5642
LCP LYCORDECK® (0.125)
= 5.16 kNm < M-c,Rd = 9.00 kNm OK

Local web transverse resistance check (assume maximum deflection)

FEd = kwl Wet Concrete Load (1.25)

Construction Load (1.25)
= 1.25 x (Wdf + Wf + Wcf’) x L
LCP LYCORDECK® (1.25)
= 20.60 kN < Rw,Rd = 99.3 kN OK

Ultimated shear capactiy check (assume maximum deflection)

VEd = kwl Wet Concrete Load (0.625)

= 0.625 x (Wdf + Wf + Wcf’) x L Construction Load (0.625)
= 10.30 kN < Rw,Rd = 80.1 kN OK LCP LYCORDECK® (0.625)

Combined stresses check (SS EN 1993-1-3, Clause 6.1.11(1)

Combined bending and local web transerve resistance

M-Ed/M-c,Rd +FEd/Rw,Rd = 0.78 < 1.25 OK

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 11

LCP LYCORDECK ®
Composite Slab Design Examples
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Decking information
d = 10 mm / 100 mm

hc = 65 mm
h = 120 mm

d = 8 mm / 150 mm

slab width b = 1000 mm

Span L = 2.8 m
Type Double Span
Effective area of cross-section Ap = 1620 mm2/m
Slab depth above steel decking hc = 65 mm
Depth of decking hp = 55 mm
Overall depth of decking h = 120 mm
Height to neutral axis e = 15.41 mm
Effective depth dp = h - e = 104.6 mm
Characteristic yield strength fyp,k = 550 N/mm2
γM0 = 1.0
Sagging bending resistance M+pa,k = 7.83 kNm/m
Hogging bending resistance M-pa,k = 9.11 kNm/m
Characteristic resistance to longitudinal shear (based on tests) τu = 0.379 N/mm2
γVS = 1.25
m = 152.5 N/mm2
k = 0.180 N/mm2
Reinforcement Properties
Top mesh Main rebar d1 = 10 mm
s1 = 100 mm
Transverse d2 = 10 mm
s2 = 200 mm
Nominal cover a0 = 25 mm
Fire Reinforcement 8 mm
150 mm
Consider fire reinforcement in composite stage NO
Nominal cover for fire reinforcement (from bottom) x= 55 mm
Area of mesh (hogging moment resistance) As = 785.4 mm2
Characteristic yield strength fsk = 400 MPa
Design yield strength fsd = 347.83 MPa
γs = 1.15
Second moment of area of steel core Ip = 4.87 x 105 mm4/m
Design value of modulus of elasticity Ep = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2
Concrete Properties
Characteristic concrete strength fck = 30 MPa
Design value of compressive strength fcd = 20.00 MPa
γc = 1.50
Secant modulus of elasticity Ecm = 32836 MPa

Internal forces (SS EN 1991-1-1, 6.3.1.1, table 6.1, 6.2)

Imposed live load, qk = 5 kN/m
Floor finish + ceiling + services 2 kN/m
Slab self weight, (refer to working examples for construction stage) Wf + Wcf’ = 3.53 kN/m
Total dead load, wG = 5.53 kN/m

12 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
Design load (Load arrangement follow construction stage design example)

Maximum sagging bending moment:

M+Ed = kwl2 k1 = 0.070

= (k1 x 1.35 x wG + k2 x 1.5 x qk) x L2 K2 = 0.096

= 9.74 kNm

Maximum hogging bending moment:

M-Ed = kwl2 k = 0.125

= k x (1.35 x wG + 1.5 x qk) x L2

= 14.66 kNm

Maximum shear

VEd = kwl k = 1.250

= k x (1.35 x wG + 1.5 x qk) x L

= 5.24 kN

Maximum deflection

Average value of the modular ratio (SS EN 1994-1-1, 9.8.2(5))

n = Ep/E’cm = Ep / (0.5*(Ecm+Ecm/3)) = 9.593

Second moment of area for the cracked section in sagging region

The depth of neutral axis (counted from the top of slab):

nAp 2bdp
xc = 1+ -1 = 43.6 mm
b nAp

The second moment of area for the cracked section is:

bx3p
Icc = + Ap(dp - xc)2 + Ip = 9.37 x 106 mm4
3n
Second moment of area for the un-cracked section

The depth of neutral axis (counted from the top of slab):

∑Aizi bh2c I 2 + bchpdp + nApdp

xu = = = 67.1 mm
∑Ai bhc + bchp + nAp

The second moment of area for the un-cracked section is:

bh3c bhc (xu - hc I 2)2 bch3p bchp hp 2

Icu = = + + ht - xu - + Ap (dp - xu)2 + Ip

12n n 12n n n

= 1.74 x 107 mm4

with hc = 65 mm hp = 55 mm
bc = 806.7 mm ht = 120 mm
dp = 104.60 Ap = 1620 mm

Average Ic of the cracked and un-cracked section

Ic = (Icc + Icu) / 2 = 1.34 x 107 mm4

Thus, the deflection is to determined as below:

δ = k/185 x w x L4 / El k=1
= k/185 x (wG + qk) x L4 /El
=1.77 mm

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LCP LYCORDECK ®
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK
The design values of internal forces shall not exceed the design values of resistance for the relevant ultimate limit states.
(SS EN 1994-1-1, Clause 9.7.1(1))

Sagging moment resistance check (SS EN1994-1-1, Clause 9.7.2, (5)(6))

1. Assuming full connection

Np = Ape fyp, d = 891000 N
Nc,f = 0.85fcd bx = Npa
Np = Ncf
xp = Ncf / (0.85fcd b) = 52.4mm < hc = 65.0 mm

Thus, the neutral axis is above sheeting 0.85fcd

Nc,f
xpl -
hc
h hp Z Mpl,Rd

+
Np
fyp,d

M+ pl,Rd = Ncf (dp - 0.5x pl) = 69.85 kNm > M+Ed = 9.74 kNm OK

2. Assuming partial shear connection ( SS EN1994-1-1, Clause 9.7.3(8))

Assume composite slab satisfies ductile longitudinal shear behaviour.

τu,Rd = τu / γ Vs = 0.30 N/mm2 b = 1000 mm
Mpa+ = 7.83 kNm L = 2800 mm
ep = 1mm from the bottom of the decking

z (mm) =
xpl (mm) Mpr (kNm) = Mpl,Rd (kNm) =
Lx (mm) Nc(N) = tu,Rd x b x Lx h - 0.5xpl - ep + (ep-e) x
Nc / (0.85 x b x fcd) 1.25 x Mpa x(1-Nc/Np) Mpr + Nc x z
Nc / (Ape x fyp,d)
0 0 0 119.0 7.83 07.8
0350.0 106120 06.24 114.2 7.83 17.8
0700.0 212240 12.48 109.3 7.46 26.9
1050.0 318360 18.73 104.5 6.29 34.8
1400.0 424480 24.97 099.7 5.12 42.3 Mid-Span
M +
pl,Rd
= 42.27 kNm > M +
Ed
= 9.74 kNm OK

Hogging moment resistance check (SS EN 1994-1-1, Clause 9.7.2(7))

Rebar concrete cover es = 30 mm

Area of mesh ds = h - es = 90 mm
As = 785.40 mm2
Tensile force Ns = Asfsd = 273182 N
Depth of the compressive stress block xpl = Ns / 0.85 x b x fcd = 16.07 mm
Lever arm from the bottom of decking z = ds - xpl/2 = 82.0 mm
Design resistance to hogging bending is:

M-pl,Rd = 22.39 kNm > M-Ed = 14.66 kNm OK

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 LCP LYCORDECK ®
Vertical shear resistance check

Design vertical shear resistance is: (SS EN 1992-1-1, 6.2.2)

CRd,c = 0.18/ γc = 0.12

dp = 104.60 mm
ρ1 = 0.0192
k = 2.0
V 1
v,Rd
= CRd,ck (100 ρ1fck) 1/3
bwdp = 78.2 kN/m

The recommended value for minimum value (υmin) is:

υ min = 0.035 x k3/2 x fck1/2 = 0.54 N/mm2

Minimum of shear resistance

VvRd,min = bwdpvmin = 45.8 kN

The design resistance to vertical shear is:

Vv,Rd = max (V’v,Rd ; Vv,Rd,min) = 78.21 kN > VEd = 5.24 kN OK

Longitudinal shear check

m-k method (SS EN 199-1-1, Clause 9.7.3 (4))

The design shear resistance is:

b = 1.00 m dp = 104.60 mm
L = 2800 mm
Ls = L/4 = 0.07 m (for uniform load applied to entire span) Ap = 1620 mm2
m = 152.5 N/mm2 k = 0.180 N/mm2
VI,Rd = bdp [mAp / (bLs) + k] / γvs = 44.63 kN > VEd = 5.24 kN OK

Punching shear check (SS EN 1994-1-1, 9.7.6)

Neglected, only when the composite slab is subjected to concentrated loads

SEVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

Control of cracking of concrete (SS EN1994-1-1, 9.8.1 (2))

As the slab is designed as simply supported, only anti-crack reinforcement is needed. The cross-sectional area of the
reinforcement above the ribs should be not less than 0.2% for un-propped construction.

min As = 0.002 x b x hc = 130 mm2/m

Check As = 785 mm2/m > 130 mm2/m OK

Deflection (SS EN1994-1-1, 9.8.2)

Maximum deflection δmax = 1.8 mm

The allowable deflection is:

[ δ ] = 1/250 * L = 11.2 > δ = 1.77 OK

Note: All design checks are OK at both the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 15

LCP LYCORDECK ®
Fire Design Working Examples
GENERAL INFORMATION

Slab thickness: 120 mm

Type of concrete: Normal
Decking thickness t = 1mm
Area of bottom deck Abtm_deck = 1000.5 mm2
Area of the rib Arib = 162 mm2
Area of the flange Aflange = 82.5 mm2

Area of bottom mesh (fire reinforcement)

Rebar size 8 mm @ 150 mm

Cover 55 mm
Abtm_bar = 335.1 mm2
Possition x4 = 59 mm from bottom of the decking

Area of anticrack mesh (top mesh)

Main rebar size 10 mm @ 100 mm

Cover 25 mm
Acrk_mesh = 785.4 mm2
Possition x3 = 30 mm from top of the decking
Strength of material
Design yield strength of decking fy, decking = 550 N/mm2 γM,fi,s = 1
Design yield strength of mesh rebar fyk, mesh = 400 N/mm 2
γM,fi,s = 1
Compressive design strength of concrete fck = 30 N/mm2 γM,fi,s = 1

DESIGN LOAD

Imposed live load, qk = 5 kN/m ( Follow example from composite design)

Dead load, wG = 5.53 kN/m
Load factor for fire limit state:
γqk = 1
ψ1 = γwG = 0.8 (NA to SS EN 1990, Table NA.A1.1)
Material factors for fire limit state
γs = γc = 1
ŋ = (wG + ψ1qk)/(1.35wG +1.5qk) = 0.64 (SS EN 1994-1-2, 2.4.2(2)(3))

Sagging moment under fire limit state

M+’Ed = ŋ x M+Ed = 6.20 kNm

Hogging moment under fire limit state

M-’Ed = ŋ x M-Ed = 9.34 kNm

16 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
DETERMINE TEMPERATURE OF STEEL COMPONENTS

Determine temperature at t = 90 minutes

Calculating temperature of steel component

Flange

Rib

Bottom Slab

1200
Flat decking Bottom

1000 Re-entrant Bottom

Trapezoidal Bottom
Temperature (oC)

800
Flat decking Top Flange
600
Re-entrant Top Flange

400 Trapezoidal Top Flange

Flat decking Crack Mesh

200
Re-entrant Crack Mesh

0 Trapezoidal Crack Mesh

0 50 100 150 200 250

Time (minutes)

Temperature of bottom slab

θs,btm_deck = -0.0166 x t2 + 6.7422 x t + 417.03 = 922.34 oC

Temperature of middle rib

θs,rib = -0.0126 x t2+6.4596 x t+ 233.06 = 749.30 oC

Temperature of flange
θs,flange = -0.0086 x t2 + 6.177 x t + 49.08 = 586.27 oC

Temperature profile test result

Factors for anti-crack mesh Factors for bottom mesh
Rating Rating
a b c a b c
(minutes) (minutes)
30 0.009 -1.9 127.00 30 0.08 -13 600
60 0.007 -1.6 170.75 60 0.23 -25 850
90 0.006 -2.05 243.25 90 0.23 -25.5 950
120 0.005 -2.25 290.25 120 0.21 -25 1030
150 0.003 -2.65 355.00 150 0.20 -24 1070
180 0.001 -2.85 434.50 180 0.18 -22 1100
210 0.001 -2.95 451.75 210 0.17 -21.5 1120
240 0.001 -3.15 494.13 240 0.17 -21 1150

Tc,below_rib_height = a x x2 = b x x + c
Tc,above_rib_height = a x (x - 5)2 + b x (x -55) + c

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 17

LCP LYCORDECK ®
Temperature of bottom mesh
θs,btm_mesh = 0.23 x x42 - 25.5 x x4 + 950 = 246.13 oC

Temperature of anti crack mesh

θs,crk_mesh = 0.006 x (120 - x3 - 55)2 - 2.05 x (120 - x3 -55) + 243.25 = 178.9 oC

Note: For factors apply to other timing, kindly consult LCP Building Products technical department.
1.2 1.2

1 1
Reduction factor for steel (EC4. Table 3.4)

Reduction factor for steel (EC4. Table 3.4)

Ke Normal

0.8 0.8
Ky Lightweight

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1400.0 0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.0 1200.0 1400.0

Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC)

Calculating reduction factor of Yield Strength of steel component (SS EN 1994-1-2, Table 3.3 & 3.4)

Reduction factor of bottom slab ky,θ,btm_deck = 0.074

Reduction factor of middle rib ky,θ,rib = 0.116
Reduction factor of flange ky,θ, flange = 0.454
Reduction factor of bottom mesh ky,θ,btm_mesh = 1.0
Reduction factor of crack mesh ky,θ,crk_mesh = 1.0
Reduction factor of concrete kc,θ = 0.965

Calculating component forces

Only steel components are considered T = ky,θ x fy x A

Bottom decking force Ts, btm_deck = 40.72 kN
Middle rib force Ts, rib = 10.34 kN
Flange force Ts, flange = 20.60 kN
Bottom mesh force Ts,btm_mesh = 134.04 kN
Anti-crack mesh force Ts,crk_mesh = 314.16 kN

CALCULATING SAGGING MOMENT

Assume neutral asis is between top cover and anti-crack mesh
x < x3 = 30 mm from top of the slab

Concrete temperature is taken at anti-crack mesh level

Total tension forces are: T = Ts,btm_deck + Ts,rib + Ts,flange + Ts,btm_mesh + Ts,crk_mesh
= 519.86 kN
Neutral axis is x = T / (0.85 x kc,θ x fckx b) = 21.13 mm < 30 mm
Thus the assumption is satisfied

18 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
Determine distance to neutral axis of each component

Concrete xc = x/2 = 10.56 mm

Bottom deck xbtm_deck = 120 - x = 98.87 mm
Middle rib xrib = 120 - x -55/2 = 71.37 mm
Flange xflange= 120 - x - 55 = 43.87 mm
Bottom mesh xbtm_bar = 120 - x -x4 = 39.87 mm
Crack mesh xcrk_mesh = x3 - x = 8.87 mm
Compression force of concrete Tc = T = 519.86 kN
Sagging moment Msag = xc x Tc + xbtm_deck x Ts,btm_deck + xrib x Ts, rib + xflange x
Ts,flange + xbtm_bar x Ts,btm_mesh + xcrk_mesh x Ts,crk_mesh
19.29 kNm > 6.20 kNm OK

CALCULATING HOGGING MOMENT

Concrete slab is divided into n layers. Each layer has an identical thickness of 5mm. The concrete layers are numbered
from the bottom of decking towards the top of slab.

Bottom concrete layer and add-up force for the balance of hogging moment are tabulated as below table of layers

Accumulate
Layer Distance from Reduction Compression Moment of Accumulate Distance from
Layer Temperature Reduction compression
Thickness center of layer stress of each force of each each layer moment from center of layer
Number of the layer factor force from
(mm) to the bottom layer layer (kN) (kNm) bottom to Neutral Axis
bottom (kN)
1 5 02.5 887.69 0.09 02.82 011.99 0011.90 0.39 0.39 32.5
2 5 07.5 771.69 0.20 05.85 024.86 0036.85 0.68 1.07 27.5
3 5 12.5 667.19 0.36 10.80 045.90 0082.75 1.03 2.11 22.5
4 5 17.5 574.19 0.50 14.85 063.11 0145.86 1.10 3.21 17.5
5 5 22.5 492.69 0.62 18.45 078.41 0224.27 0.98 4.19 12.5
6 5 27.5 422.69 0.72 21.60 091.80 0316.07 0.69 4.88 7.5
7 5 32.5 364.19 0.79 23.70 100.73 0416.80 0.25 5.13 2.5
8 5 37.5 317.19 0.84 25.20 107.10 0523.90 -0.27 4.86 -2.5
9 5 42.5 281.69 0.87 26.10 110.93 0634.82 -0.83 4.03 -7.5
10 5 47.5 257.69 0.90 27.00 114.75 0749.57 -1.43 2.60 -12.5
11 5 52.5 245.19 0.91 27.30 116.03 0865.60 -2.03 0.57 -17.5
12 5 57.5 145.21 0.98 29.40 124.95 0990.55 -2.81 -2.24 -22.5
13 5 62.5 138.56 0.99 29.55 125.59 1116.14 -3.45 -5.70 -27.5
14 5 67.5 132.21 0.99 29.55 125.59 1241.72 -4.08 -9.78 -32.5
15 5 72.5 126.16 0.99 29.70 126.23 1367.95 -4.73 -14.51 -37.5
16 5 77.5 120.41 0.99 29.70 126.23 1494.17 -5.36 -19.88 -42.5
17 5 82.5 114.96 1.00 29.85 126.86 1621.04 -6.03 -25.90 -47.5
18 5 87.5 109.81 1.00 30.00 127.50 1748.54 -6.69 -32.60 -52.5
19 5 92.5 104.96 1.00 30.00 127.50 1876.04 -7.33 -39.93 -57.5
20 5 97.5 100.41 1.00 30.00 127.50 2003.54 -7.97 -47.90 -62.5
21 5 102.5 096.16 1.00 30.00 127.50 2131.04 -8.61 -56.50 -67.5

Distance from centre of each layer to the bottom and corresponding temperature can be determined. Reduction
factor will then be determined as well as compensating compression force. Accumulated compensating compression
force and moments of first i layers of concrete shall be tabulated for easy reference on the right side of the table. For
detailed information, consult LCP Building Products technical department.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 19

LCP LYCORDECK ®
Assume neutral axis is below half of the rib, 55/2

z < 27.5 mm
Total tension force T = Ts,rib + Ts,flange + Ts,btm_mesh + Ts,crk_mesh
= 479.14 kN
Steel under compression Ct =Ts,btm_deck = 40.72 kN
Balance force for concrete Cc = T - Ct = 438.42 kN
Check for layer i i = 7 (first 7 layers accumulates 416.8 kN compression force)
Neutral axis is z = 35.0 mm > 27.5 mm
Thus the assumption is not satisfied

Assume the neutral axis is within upper part of the rib : 55 > neutral asis > 55/2

27.5 mm < z < 55 mm

Total tension force T = Ts,flange + Ts,btm_mesh + Ts,crk_mesh
= 468.80 kN
Steel under compression Ct = Ts,btm_deck + Ts,rib = 51.06 kN
Balance force for concrete Cc = T - Ct = 417.74 kN
Check for layer i i = 7 (first 7 layers accumulates 416.8 kN compression force)
Neutral axis is z = 35.0 mm > 27.5 mm
Thus the assumption is satisfied

Determine distance to neutral axis of each component

Bottom deck zbtm_deck = z = 35 mm

Middle rib zrib = z - 55/2 = 7.5 mm
Flange zflange = 55 - z = 20 mm
Bottom mesh zbtm_mesh = x4 - z = 24 mm
Crack mesh zcrk_mesh = 120 - x3 - z = 55 kNm
Accumulate concrete Mc,acc = 5.13 mm
moment
Hogging moment Mhog = zbtm_deck x Ts,btm_deck + zrib x Ts, rib + zflange x Ts,flange + zbtm_bar x
Ts,btm_mesh + zcrk_mesh x Ts,crk_mesh + Mc,ass
= 27.54 kNm > 9.34 kNm OK

Both sagging moment and hogging moment check are OK in fire limit design.

20 LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD.

 LCP LYCORDECK ®
PROJECT REFERENCE

One Raffles Place, Singapore International Finance Centre, Hong Kong Marina Bay Sands IR, Singapore

ION Orchard, Singapore Times Square, Hong Kong Supreme Court, Singapore

Changi Airport Terminal 3, Singapore Naypyidaw Airport, Myanmar Universal Studios, Singapore

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. 21

IMPORTANT NOTE: The information published in this brochure is as far as possible accurate at the date of publication, however, prior to
application in a particular situation, LCP Building Products Pte. Ltd. recommends that you obtain qualified expert advice confirming
the suitability of product(s) in question for the application proposed. While LCP Building Products Pte. Ltd. accepts its legal obligations,
be aware however that to the extent permitted by law, LCP Building Products Pte. Ltd. disclaims all liability (including liability for
negligence) for all losses and damages resulting from the use of the information provided in this brochure.

LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PTE. LTD. LCP BUILDING PRODUCTS PVT. LTD. Photographs of the premises displayed in
CO. No. 200009173 C (CO. No. U28112 TN2004 PTC053236) this Brochure are not to be construed as an
endorsement or recommendation by the owners
No. 6 Gul Circle, Singapore 629562 Old No.6, New No.17, 4th Floor, of the premises to LCP and its products.
Viswanathapuram Main Road, LCP LYCORDECK® Brochure 11/18 ©2018 LCP
BUILDING PRODUCTS
Tel: (65) 6865-1550 Fax: (65) 6861-4218 Kodambakkam, Chennai – 600 024, India Building Products Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Email: lcp@lcp.sg website: www.lcp.sg
LCP LYCORDECK® Brochure 11.2018 edition.
Tel: + 91-44 -298 92772
Fax: + 91-44 -298 92772
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