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    Git Secretion

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    This document describes the functions and stimulators/inhibitors of various gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. It outlines how hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin regulate gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release, and gallbladder contraction in response to food intake. Somatostatin is described as an inhibitor of gastrointestinal secretions. Motilin is noted to produce migratory motor complexes and increase intestinal motility during fasting.

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    Git Secretion

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    7 views3 pages
    This document describes the functions and stimulators/inhibitors of various gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. It outlines how hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin regulate gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release, and gallbladder contraction in response to food intake. Somatostatin is described as an inhibitor of gastrointestinal secretions. Motilin is noted to produce migratory motor complexes and increase intestinal motility during fasting.

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    GIT SECRETION

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    This document describes the functions and stimulators/inhibitors of various gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. It outlines how hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin regulate gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release, and gallbladder contraction in response to food intake. Somatostatin is described as an inhibitor of gastrointestinal secretions. Motilin is noted to produce migratory motor complexes and increase intestinal motility during fasting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    Git Secretion

    Uploaded by

    study mail
    This document describes the functions and stimulators/inhibitors of various gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. It outlines how hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin regulate gastric acid secretion, pancreatic enzyme release, and gallbladder contraction in response to food intake. Somatostatin is described as an inhibitor of gastrointestinal secretions. Motilin is noted to produce migratory motor complexes and increase intestinal motility during fasting.

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    Function

    Stimulation, Inhibition

    GIP
    ↓ Stomach pH
    Vagus nerve (ACh) Prostaglandins
    Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
    hydrochloric acid Gastrin Secretin
    Kills microorganisms
    Histamine Somatostatin
    (except Helicobacter pylori)
    Cholecystokinin

    • GIP
    vitamin Vagus nerve (ACh)
    Binds to vitamin B12 and enables its • Prostaglandins
    B12 binding Gastrin
    absorption in the terminal ileum • Secretin
    protein
    Histamine
    • Somatostatin

    Vagus nerve (ACh) • High gastric pH


    Pepsin Protein digestion
    Low gastric pH • Somatostatin

    Bicarbonate Neutralizes gastric acid Secretin • None

    Vagus nerve (via gastrin-

    releasing

    peptide and GRP released

    from presynaptic
    ↑ Gastric acid secretion
    terminals • Somatostatin
    Gastrin ↑ Gastric motility
    of postganglionic fibers) • Gastric pH < 1.5
    Proliferation of the gastric mucosa
    Amino acids and peptides

    Decreased acidity

    Distention of the stomach

    Chronic PPI administration


    Function
    Stimulation, Inhibition

    ↑ Appetite and hunger (lateral

    hypothalamus)

    ↑ Neuropeptide Y release
    Fasting
    Ghrelin (arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus) • Stomach distention (food intake)
    Sleep deprivation
    ↑ Growth hormone release (anterior

    pituitary)

    ↑ Gastric motility [6]

    Histamine ↑ Gastric acid secretion Gastrin • Somatostatin

    ↑ Contraction of the gallbladder

    ↑ Secretion of pancreatic Postprandial: fatty

    enzymes by acting on neural acids and amino • Somatostatin


    CCK
    muscarinic pathways acids entering the small • Fasting

    ↑ Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi intestine

    ↓ Gastric emptying

    Inhibits gastrointestinal secretions

    ↓ Gastric acid

    Inhibits gall bladder contraction Postprandial: gastric

    Decreases motility of acid, fatty acids,


    Somatostatin • Vagus nerve (ACh)
    the stomach and intestine and amino acids entering

    Causes splanchnic vasoconstriction [7]


    the duodenum

    Decreases growth

    hormone and TSH secretion


    Function
    Stimulation, Inhibition

    ↑ Secretion of bile

    ↑ Pancreatic secretion

    of bicarbonate, which neutralizes the Postprandial: ↑ gastric

    Secretin acidic chyme arriving from acid and fatty acids in • Somatostatin

    the stomach (necessary the duodenum

    for pancreatic enzyme function)

    ↓ Secretion of gastric acid

    ↑ Insulin secretion (more


    Postprandial: fatty acids,
    pronounced with the administration
    Gastric inhibitory glucose, amino
    of oral glucose compared to • Fasting
    polypeptide (GIP) acids entering small
    intravenous glucose)
    intestine
    ↓ Secretion of gastric acid

    Produces migratory motor


    Motilin Fasting • Intake of food
    complexes (↑ intestinal motility)

    ↑ Secretion of water and electrolytes


    Distention of the stomach
    VIP ↑ Relaxation of intestinal sphincters • Sympathetic activity
    Vagal stimulation
    and smooth muscle

    Relaxation of smooth muscle and

    Nitric sphincters (e.g., LES)

    oxide (NO) [8] Improves circulation

    (vasodilatory property)

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