Designation: D6901 − 15

Standard Specification for

Artists’ Colored Pencils1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6901; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for 3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology E284 for appearance
composition, performance, and labeling of artists’ colored terms used in this specification and to Terminology G113 for
pencils. terms relating to natural and artificial lightfastness tests.
1.2 This specification covers vehicles and additives. Re- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
quirements are included for identification, lightfastness, and 3.2.1 bloom, n—a cloudy exudation on the surface of
consistency. colored pencil due to wax migration.
1.3 Colored pencil specimens are exposed to both natural 3.2.2 burnish, v—to firmly rub the surface of the sample
daylight through window glass and simulated window glass- following application of the colored pencil until the binder
filtered daylight radiation to determine the lightfastness rating breaks down and the color is forced into the texture of the
for each pencil. substrate to improve coverage.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.2.3 colored pencil, n—a core of extenders, binders, pig-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information ments and additives, such as wax/oil and thickeners surrounded
only. by a casing.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.4 color stick, n—a core of extenders, binders, pigments
and additives, such as wax/oil and thickeners without a casing
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 but sometimes with a paper sleeve.
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color 3.2.5 substrate, n—white, uncoated, neutral pH, buffered
Coordinates paper, or board, without optical brighteners, to which color is
D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic applied.
Health Hazards 3.2.6 watercolor pencil, n—a colored pencil with a water-
D4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in dispersible core.
Artists’ Materials 3.2.7 water-soluble color stick, n—a water-dispersible color
E284 Terminology of Appearance stick.
G24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered
Through Glass
4. Significance and Use
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials 4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel- provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources distributors, and users.
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for 4.2 It is not intended that all pencils meeting the require-
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of of which may be acceptable under this specification.
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally 4.3 Variation in test results can result from differences in
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6901 – 06 which was pigment manufacture from time to time in a company, different
withdrawn January 2015 and reinstated in June 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D6901-15.
2
varieties of a pigment from company to company, different
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
combinations of pigments and other ingredients, specimen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on preparation, different instruments and instrumental readings,
the ASTM website. variations in the surface of the specimen, and the conditions of

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D6901 − 15
exposure. Allowance for these variations is made by establish- Specification D6901,” or “Conforms to ASTM D6901.” This
ing lightfastness categories, each of which covers a defined statement may be combined with other conformance
range of color loss. statements, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health
4.4 Since a specific colored pencil may be unusually sensi- requirements of ASTM Specification D6901 and Practice
tive to some aspect of a particular method of accelerated D4236.”
lightfastness testing and show a change in color that would not
6. Quality Assurance for Artists’ Colored Pencils
occur in a normal home or gallery environment, two types of
exposure are required. 6.1 Conditions Not Covered in This Specification that Affect
Colored Pencils:
4.5 Some variation in test results is to be expected even
6.1.1 Substrate—The effective pH of the paper used will
when the same type of exposure is repeated; therefore, after
affect the long-term color appearance of the applied color.
triplicate specimens are exposed in each type of exposure, any
outlier is discarded and the mean of the specimens is calculated 6.2 Additives—Thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, wax,
for each exposure type to determine the lightfastness category oil, and humectants may be used to achieve consistency,
for each. If the two types of exposures place colored pencil in prevent microbial deterioration, and control application results.
the same lightfastness category, it is the category for that 6.3 Pencils shall be capable of being applied in a smooth,
pencil. Instead of testing a third time if the two types of uniform coating of color without scratch marks.
exposures place the colored pencil in different lightfastness
6.4 The colored lead shall not crumble or break excessively
categories, producers may elect to use the poorer of the two
when used with pressure sufficient to apply the color smoothly.
relevant lightfastness categories.
4.6 Variations in specimen preparation and measurement 7. Specimen Preparation and Exposure
may result in as much as 4 units of CIE 1976 L*a*b*
7.1 Materials:
(CIELAB) color difference ∆E*, calculated using the equation
7.1.1 Colored Pencils, Watercolor Pencils, Color Sticks or
given in Practice D2244, between the measurements of a test
Water-soluble Color Sticks—Materials to be tested.
specimen before and after exposure; therefore, only color
7.1.2 Substrate—White paper or board. To avoid substrate
differences greater than 4 ∆E* are considered color loss.
discoloration during the testing procedures, the substrate shall
be 100 % cotton, acid free, buffered, uncoated, and contain no
5. Labeling Requirements optical brighteners.
5.1 Provide on the Pencil: 7.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:
5.1.1 Company or brand name. 7.2.1 Prepare ten specimens of each pencil or stick to be
5.1.2 Company assigned identification number for the tested. Cut the paper substrate into a size that fits the holder to
pencil, or company assigned color name for the pencil, or both; be used for exposure. Draw a specimen square 28 by 28 mm
however, pigment names shall not be used as pencil names (11⁄8 by 11⁄8 in.) in the center of each paper substrate. Leave
unless the pencil contains only that pigment, or a variant of that enough white substrate around each specimen so that the
pigment, or that pigment and white; otherwise the word “Hue” colored portion will not be damaged by handling or instrument
must be added to the name. mounting hardware. Using constant pressure, color each speci-
5.1.3 Country of origin. men substrate evenly and firmly with the colored pencils,
5.1.4 The Colour Index Names of the pigments used in the watercolor pencils, color sticks, or water-soluble color sticks.
pencil if space permits. Repeat as necessary to completely cover the square drawn on
5.1.5 Lightfastness—Lightfastness Category indicated by the substrate. In the case of a metallic color, finish with parallel
the symbols I, II, III, IV or V. Only colored pencils in strokes in whichever direction results in an even metallic
Lightfastness Categories I and II conform with this Specifica- sheen. Burnish each sample to make coverage as complete and
tion. uniform as possible.
5.2 Provide in Literature Included in Packaging Container NOTE 1—It is difficult to achieve an even coating of the color with
and at Points of Purchase: complete hiding of the substrate. If the substrate is not completely
5.2.1 Identification of the type of pencil: colored, covered, measurement will vary from spot to spot. If the coating has
watercolor, color stick, water-soluble color stick. varying thicknesses, the specimen will fade unevenly. In these cases the
complete surface of the substrate in the colored area may have to be
5.2.2 Name and address of manufacturer, importer or sup- measured to get a repeatable and reproducible measurement that repre-
plier. sents the average color of the specimen. If a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter
5.2.3 The Colour Index name and Constitution Number of instrument measuring port is used, the whole colored surface of the
every pigment in each pencil. specimen is measured; if a smaller measuring port is used, additional
measurements of different portions of the colored surface of the specimen
5.3 Toxicity—All products and labeling must conform to the are necessary to accurately represent the color.
Federal Hazardous Substances Act and to ASTM Practice 7.3 Color Measurement Prior to Exposure:
D4236. 7.3.1 Prior to conducting the measurements described in
5.4 Statement of Conformance—Provide Statement of Con- 7.3.2, gently wipe each specimen with cotton to remove any
formance in literature and on packaging container if all pencils surface bloom. Repeat this step immediately before specimen
in the container are Lightfastness I or II: “Conforms to ASTM exposure.

2
 D6901 − 15
7.3.2 The color difference among the ten replicate speci- 7.4.4.2 Place specimens in the test device in positions that
mens and the uniformity of color on each specimen shall be <4 conform with irradiance uniformity specified in Practice G151,
CIELAB units. Color measurements are made using either a or to assure equal radiant exposure, reposition specimens
spectrophotometer, spectrocolorimeter, or colorimeter set to during exposure.
use Illuminant D65 and the 1964 10° observer and excluding NOTE 2—Replicate specimens should not be placed near one another
specular reflection from the measurement. Reproducibility during the exposures.
among specimens can be determined using a 25 mm, viewing
7.4.4.3 When only a few colored pencil specimens are being
port on the color measurement device. For color uniformity
exposed in a small xenon-arc device, test all triplicates at the
across the colored area, use a 10 mm or smaller viewing port.
same time. However, if there are too many specimens for all
If the color difference among specimens or non-uniformity triplicates to fit in the device at once, test one or two replicate
across the specimen exceeds 4 CIELAB units, apply more specimens at a different time.
color to specimens as needed until they meet the uniformity
requirement. NOTE 3—To track the rate of color change in specimens as a function
of radiant exposure in the xenon-arc device, the radiant exposure of 1260
7.3.2.1 When using a 25 mm viewing port, make three MJ/m2 can be divided into three or more phases and the device
measurements. After each measurement, lift, partially rotate programmed to stop at he end of each phase so the color can be measured
the specimen, and reposition the viewing port for the next and recorded. The specimens are then returned to the test chamber and
measurement. Find the mean of these measurements in exposure is continued until the specified radiant exposure is reached.
CIELAB units and record it as the value for the unexposed 7.4.4.4 Unless agreed otherwise, in a xenon-arc device that
specimen. controls at 340 nm, the irradiance at the control point shall be
7.3.2.2 When using an instrument with a 10 mm or smaller 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2·nm) at 340 nm and specimens exposed to
measuring port, make 5 measurements. After each 100 % light to reach a total radiant exposure of 510 kJ/(m2·nm)
measurement, lift, partially rotate the specimen, and reposition at 340 nm, the calculated equivalent of 1260 MJ/m2 of full
the measuring port for the next measurement. Find the mean of spectrum solar radiation. For a xenon-arc device that controls
these measurements in CIELAB units and record it as the value exposure at 300 to 800 nm, the irradiance at the control point
for the unexposed specimen. shall be 500 6 75 /w/m2 at 300 to 800 nm and specimens
exposed to 100 % light to reach a total radiant exposure of 739
7.4 Exposure: MJ/m2 at 300 to 800 nm. For xenon-arc devices that control
7.4.1 Three specimens of each color shall be exposed to exposures in a different spectral region, consult the manufac-
glass filtered solar radiation using Method A. In addition, three turer of the device for the irradiance and radiant exposure
specimens shall be exposed in a xenon-arc device operating required to produce equivalent test results. For further infor-
with window glass filters using Method B or C. One specimen mation see Appendix XI in Test Methods D4303.
of each color shall be retained for visual comparison with test 7.4.4.5 The uninsulated black panel temperature shall be 63
specimens following exposure, and three specimens shall be 6 2°C. For the equivalent insulated black panel temperature,
retained for use in a third exposure, if needed. consult the manufacturer of the device.
7.4.2 Store the retained, unexposed specimens in the dark NOTE 4—Each of the set points and its tolerances specified represent an
unless the formulation includes oil. Store specimens that operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in
contain oil in subdued light, 500 to 750 lx (50 to 75 fc), to the cabinet, which may not necessarily represent the uniformity of these
conditions throughout the cabinet. The set point is the target condition for
prevent yellowing. If specimens must be stored for as long as the control sensor with the exact number specified programmed by the
100 days, store then in the dark, but remove those containing user. The operational fluctuation given with the set point does not imply
oil and place in subdued light for at least seven days before that the user is allowed to program a set point higher or lower than the
measurement or visual evaluation. exact set point specified. The operational fluctuation specified is the
maximum deviation allowable from the set point of the sensor at the
7.4.3 Test Method A—Exposure to Natural Daylight Filtered control point during equilibrium conditions.
through Glass:
7.4.5 Test Method C — Exposure Simulating Daylight
7.4.3.1 Follow Practice G24 and expose specimens during Filtered Through Window Glass in a Humidity Controlled
the months from September through May in an Arizona test site Xenon-arc Device—This environment will typically have
in a window glass covered Black Box containing a small fan to higher relative humidity than Method B.
circulate the air. Conduct the exposure with the Black Box 7.4.5.1 Follow 7.4.4.
positioned to a 45° angle to the horizontal, facing the equator. 7.4.5.2 Mount specimens in unbacked holders and follow
Expose the samples to a total global solar (290 to 2500 nm) 7.4.4.2. It is recommended that all unused spaces in the
radiation dose of 1260 MJ/m2 incident on the glass. specimen exposure area be filled with blank metal panels that
7.4.4 Test Method B—Exposure to Xenon-Arc Radiation are not highly reflective.
Simulating Daylight Filtered Through Window Glass: 7.4.5.3 Follow 7.4.4.3.
7.4.4.1 Use a xenon-arc device that conforms to the require- 7.4.5.4 Follow 7.4.4.4.
ments defined in Practices G151 and G155. Unless otherwise 7.4.5.5 Set the relative humidity at the control point in the
specified, the spectral power distribution of the xenon-arc test chamber to 55 % RH and maintained at 6 10 % RH.
device shall conform to the requirements in Practices G151 and 7.4.5.6 In machines that allow control of chamber air
G155 for xenon arc radiation through a window glass filter. temperature, it shall be set at 43°C and maintained at 6 2°C.

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 D6901 − 15
NOTE 5—It has been found that Alizarin Crimson and other pigments the test result for that exposure method. In both Test Method A
are affected differently when exposed to a light/dark cycle rather than to and Test Method B or C, if the color difference of one of the
continuous light. Dark periods are characteristic of daylight and indoor
light. Therefore, when mutually agreed on, the following light/dark cycle
three specimens is 5 ∆E*ab or more units larger than the closest
may be employed as an alternate to constant light: 3.8 h light followed by of the other two test results, discard that test result as aberrant.
1 h dark. During the light period, the conditions of irradiance, temperature If one test result was discarded as aberrant, find the mean of the
and humidity are as given in 7.4.4.4. During the dark period, the CIELAB color differences of the remaining two specimens,
uninsulated black panel temperature shall be set at 35 6 2°C at the control expressed as ∆E*ab. This is the test result for that exposure
point. In machines that allow control of air chamber temperature, it shall
also be set at 35 6 2°C at the control point. In machines that allow control method.
of relative humidity, it shall be set at 55 6 10 % at the control point, 8.7.1 Use the ∆E*ab from Test Method A and the ∆E*ab
during both the light and dark periods. Any variance from the specified from Test Method B or C to assign lightfastness categories as
test cycle must be detailed in the Report section. described in Section 9.
8. Measurement After Exposure 8.7.2 If Test Method A and Test Method B or C place the
colored pencil in the same lightfastness category, then the
8.1 Following exposure, but prior to measurement, gently colored pencil is assigned to that lightfastness category and no
wipe each colored pencil test specimen with cotton to remove further action is required.
any bloom. 8.7.3 If Test Method A and Test Method B or C place the
8.2 If the colored area of an exposed test specimen appears colored pencil in different lightfastness categories, or if the two
excessively streaked or spotty, showing areas of white paper, test method results are within 60.5 ∆E*ab of the dividing line
assign that colored pencil to Lightfastness V. between lightfastness categories, conduct a re-test using the
8.3 Shortly after exposure, if a 25 mm measuring port is test method that yielded a lower lightfastness rating or place
used, make three measurements of each exposed specimen not the pencil in the poorer of the two relevant lightfastness
already placed in Lightfastness V as described in 7.3.2.1. Use categories.
Illuminant D65 and the 1964 10° observer and with specular 8.7.3.1 When a re-test is conducted, expose triplicate speci-
reflection excluded. Record the measurements of each speci- mens as outlined in Section 7.
men as the color of the exposed specimen. 8.7.3.2 After the re-test exposure is complete, if the color
8.3.1 If the measurement port is smaller than 25 mm and the difference of one of the three specimens is 5 ∆E*ab or more
pencil has not already been placed in Lightfastness V, make units larger than the closest of the other two specimens, discard
five measurements of each specimen as described in 7.3.2.2. that test result as aberrant.
Record the mean of these measurements as the color of the 8.7.3.3 Find the mean of the CIELAB color difference
exposed specimen panel. expressed as ∆E*ab, of the exposed triplicate specimens, or
duplicate specimens if one has been discarded, for the re-tested
8.4 For each specimen, calculate the color difference be- Test Method. This is the test result for that Test Method.
tween the recorded measurement of the specimen before 8.7.4 Using the ∆E*ab results of the re-test, assign lightfast-
exposure and the recorded measurement of the specimen after ness categories as described in Section 9. If the new results of
exposure in accordance with Practice D2244 and state the color Test Method A and Test Method B or C place the colored pencil
change in total color difference units, ∆ E*ab. into the same lightfastness category, then assign the colored
8.5 Gently remove any bloom from the retained (unex- pencil to that lightfastness category. If the results still place the
posed) specimen prepared from each colored pencil, measure colored pencil into different lightfastness categories, then
them and compare the measurement with the pre-exposure assign the colored pencil to the poorer of the two relevant
measurement of that specimen to verify that the retained lightfastness categories.
specimen has not changed color significantly during storage.
8.6 Unless the color of the retained specimen has changed 9. Interpretation of Results
significantly during storage, visually compare the retained 9.1 When a very light color specimen loses all, or almost all,
specimen of each pencil with the exposed specimen of that color during exposure, this loss of color does not result in a
pencil to verify that the measured color difference agrees with large CIELAB color difference between the specimen before
the perceived color difference. If the visual color difference is and after exposure. Therefore, place all colored pencils whose
inconsistent with the color difference expressed in CIELAB test specimen bleached, or lost almost all color, into Lightfast-
color difference units, remeasure both specimens and recalcu- ness Category V regardless of the size of the CIELAB color
late the color difference. Make this check also following any difference.
subsequent exposures.
9.2 Lightfastness I—Assign colored pencils that exhibit a
8.7 Examine the CIELAB color differences, expressed as mean color change of ∆E*ab ≤4 to Lightfastness Category I.
∆E*ab, for the triplicate exposed in Text Method A and also for
the triplicate specimens exposed in either Test Method B or C. 9.3 Lightfastness II—Assign colored pencils that exhibit a
Find the mean of the CIELAB color differences of the exposed mean color change of ∆E*ab >4 and ≤8 to Lightfastness
triplicate specimens, expressed as ∆E*ab, for Test Method A. Category II.
This is the test result for that exposure method. Find the mean 9.4 For information and to establish nomenclature, the
of the CIELAB color differences of the exposed triplicate following ratings are listed. Colored pencils with these ratings
specimens, expressed as ∆E*ab for Test Method B or C. This is do not conform to this specification.

4
 D6901 − 15
9.4.1 Lightfastness III—Assign colored pencils that exhibit 10.1.9 Lightfastness category for all test specimens as
a mean color change of ∆E*ab >8 and ≤16.0 to Lightfastness determined in Section 9.
Category III.
10.2 The following is specific information required for each
9.4.2 Lightfastness IV—Assign colored pencils that exhibit
of the test methods:
a mean color change of ∆E*ab >16 and ≤24 to Lightfastness
Category IV. 10.2.1 Test Method A:
9.4.3 Lightfastness V—Assign colored pencils that exhibit a 10.2.1.1 Total radiant exposure, in MJ/m2.
mean color change of ∆E*ab >24 or have lost all but a trace of 10.2.2 Test Method B or Test Method C:
color to Lightfastness Category V. 10.2.2.1 Name and model of apparatus used.
10. Report 10.2.2.2 Exposure cycle used (100 % light or light/dark
cycle).
10.1 It is assumed that this report will be written after a
lightfastness test conforming to Specification D6901 has been 10.2.2.3 Irradiance level and tolerance limits in W/(m2·nm)
completed on a group of colored pencils. The following applies at 340 nm, at the machine control point.
to reports for both methods: 10.2.2.4 Radiant exposure at 340 nm, in kJ/(m2·nm).
10.1.1 Name of company. 10.2.2.5 Relative humidity, if measured.
10.1.2 ASTM test methods used. 10.2.2.6 Uninsulated black panel temperature. If light and
10.1.3 Colored pencil type. dark periods are employed, then uninsulated black panel
10.1.4 Colour Index Names and Constitution Numbers of temperature must be listed for each period.
every pigment in each pencil for all colored pencils tested. 10.2.2.7 Chamber air temperature, if measured. If light and
10.1.5 Date when exposure began. dark periods are employed, then the chamber air temperature
10.1.6 CIELAB values of L*, a*, and b* for test specimens must be listed for each period.
prior to exposure.
10.1.7 Date when test specimens were removed from 10.2.2.8 Specimen repositioning schedule, if used.
exposure, and total exposure time.
10.1.8 CIELAB values of L*, a*, and b* for test specimens 11. Keywords
following exposure. If it is not possible to measure specimens 11.1 colored pencils; daylight through window glass; light-
immediately after removal from exposure, give the date when fastness; quality requirements; test specimens; xenon arc
measured. exposures

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RATIONALE

X1.1 This specification includes a method for placing col- cabinets were eliminated due to excess moisture and summer
ored pencils in general lightfastness categories that can be heat, respectively. Type A and Type B cabinets are described in
communicated to artists on labels and literature. The test Practice G24. Using the procedure given in Test Methods
method must not only provide accurate information to artists, D4303 80 % of the pencils were placed in the same lightfast-
but also ensure that different companies testing the same ness category no matter which combination of the remaining
formulation at different times and using different combinations natural and xenon arc exposures were selected; however, many
of the xenon arc machines (simulating daylight through win- of the pencils fell in the poorer categories, which do not
dow glass) and window glass filtered natural daylight conform with the specification.
exposure, will place the pencil in the same Lightfastness
Category. The following studies have been conducted to select X1.1.2 Round Robin 2—Five colored pencils were selected
the appropriate test conditions for colored pencils. that fell on the borderlines between Lightfastness Categories I,
X1.1.1 Round Robin 1—Two specimens of fifteen colored II, and III in Round Robin 1. Triplicates of each color and a
pencils were exposed in six types of accelerated exposure, PPLF Reference Standard 4 were exposed under glass to
three exposures under glass to natural summer daylight, two of natural daylight in three Type B cabinets in Florida. Two were
these in south Florida and one in Arizona; and three exposures winter exposures and one a summer exposure. Triplicates of
in different xenon arc machines filtered to simulate daylight the same pencils were also exposed in five xenon arc machines
through window-glass. Four papers used as substrates and a set with window-glass filters. Two machines could monitor irra-
of eight PPLF Reference Standards were included in the diance at 340 nm. The ability to monitor irradiance at 340 nm
exposures. The Florida and Arizona exposures in Type A was established as significant, and moisture in the Florida

5
 D6901 − 15
boxes remained a concern. The largest variation in test results either of the xenon arc machine tests; however, one machine
was due to incomplete hiding of the substrate. could not monitor irradiance at 340 nm. Thirty-four of the fifty
pencils were also tested in a second xenon arc machine that
X1.1.3 Triplicate specimens were prepared from four of the
monitored radiance at 340 nm. After outliers were discarded
above colored pencils on three papers that were found satis-
and pencils that tested as borderline between Lightfastness
factory as substrates in Round Robin 1. Measurement showed
Categories were retested, there was only one pencil that was
that these specimens were at complete hiding.
placed in one Category by one combination of Arizona and
X1.1.4 Duplicate specimens of fifty colored pencils known xenon arc exposure and in another Category by the other
to fall in Lightfastness Categories I, II, or III, were exposed in Arizona and xenon arc combination. This indicates that this
the fall months of the year to natural daylight in Arizona using test method may result in 97 % of the pencils being placed in
Type A and Type B cabinets, and in south Florida using a Type the same Lightfastness Category, even when different xenon
A cabinet. These duplicates were also exposed in two xenon arc arc machines are used, as long as radiant exposure reaches 510
machines with window-glass filters. Thirty-eight of the fifty kJ/(m2·nm) measured at 340 nm. Alternatively, rather than
pencils were placed in the same Lightfastness Category by a retesting borderline pencils, companies may choose to place
combination of the Arizona test in the Type B cabinet and these pencils in the poorer of the bordering Categories.

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