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    Introduction To Dynamics

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    Mark Joseph Valdez
    Dynamics is the study of objects in accelerated motion due to forces. It has two branches: kinematics, which analyzes motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. Kinematics of particles deals with rectilinear or straight-line motion of objects small enough to treat as a single point. It defines concepts like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion are analyzed using kinematic equations that relate variables like position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Relative motion looks at the motion of particles from the perspective of other particles. Illustrative problems apply these kinematic concepts to analyze real-world scenarios like tossed balls.

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    Introduction To Dynamics

    Uploaded by

    Mark Joseph Valdez
    7 views2 pages
    Dynamics is the study of objects in accelerated motion due to forces. It has two branches: kinematics, which analyzes motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. Kinematics of particles deals with rectilinear or straight-line motion of objects small enough to treat as a single point. It defines concepts like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion are analyzed using kinematic equations that relate variables like position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Relative motion looks at the motion of particles from the perspective of other particles. Illustrative problems apply these kinematic concepts to analyze real-world scenarios like tossed balls.

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    Introduction to Dynamics

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    Dynamics is the study of objects in accelerated motion due to forces. It has two branches: kinematics, which analyzes motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. Kinematics of particles deals with rectilinear or straight-line motion of objects small enough to treat as a single point. It defines concepts like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion are analyzed using kinematic equations that relate variables like position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Relative motion looks at the motion of particles from the perspective of other particles. Illustrative problems apply these kinematic concepts to analyze real-world scenarios like tossed balls.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Introduction To Dynamics

    Uploaded by

    Mark Joseph Valdez
    Dynamics is the study of objects in accelerated motion due to forces. It has two branches: kinematics, which analyzes motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. Kinematics of particles deals with rectilinear or straight-line motion of objects small enough to treat as a single point. It defines concepts like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion are analyzed using kinematic equations that relate variables like position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Relative motion looks at the motion of particles from the perspective of other particles. Illustrative problems apply these kinematic concepts to analyze real-world scenarios like tossed balls.

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    INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMICS

    Mechanics is a branch of physical science concerned with the behavior of bodies subjected to
    the action of forces. The mechanics of rigid bodies is divided into two areas: statics and dynamics.
    Statics is the study of objects in equilibrium (objects either at rest or in uniform motion i.e. moving
    in constant velocity). Dynamics is the study of objects with accelerated motion due to the effect of a
    force.

    Dynamics has two branches: kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics treats only the geometric aspects
    of the motion. It is used to define the motion of a particle without considering the forces causing
    the motion. Kinetics analyzes the forces causing the motion. It relates the force acting on a body to
    its mass and acceleration.

    KINEMATICS OF PARTICLES

    Terms:
    particle – denotes an object of point size; a body so small that any differences in the motion of
    its parts can be neglected (e.g. molecule, atom, electron)
    body – denotes a system of particles which form an object of appreciable size

    A. RECTILINEAR MOTION OF PARTICLES


    Rectilinear Kinematics (Rectilinear Motion) – refers to a particle moving along a straight line. It is said
    to be in rectilinear motion if any two particles of a body travel the same distance along two parallel
    straight lines

    Uniform Motion in a Straight Line

    Concept Definition Symbol Equation


    Displacement vector distance from an origin 𝛥𝑠 𝛥𝑠 = 𝑠’ − 𝑠
    Velocity time rate of change of displacement vave 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
    ∆𝑠
    ∆𝑡
    speed – magnitude of velocity v
    Acceleration time rate of change of velocity 𝑎 ∆𝑣
    𝑎=
    ∆𝑡

    MOTION OF A PARTICLE

    Uniform Rectilinear Motion (Uniform Motion) – motion with constant velocity


    𝑠=𝑣◦𝑡
    Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear – motion with constant acceleration
    *for constant acceleration, ac, initial velocity is equal to the final velocity
    a. speed as a function of time
    𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡

    ES2: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies | engrjco 1


    b. position as a function of time
    1
    𝑠𝑓 − 𝑠𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 2
    2
    c. speed as a function of position
    𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑖 2 + 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑠𝑓 − 𝑠𝑖 )
    𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟐 𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐
    Free-Falling Object
    • an object is falling freely with no forces acting upon it except gravity

    MOTION OF SEVERAL PARTICLES

    Relative Motion
    For particles moving along the same line, time should be recorded from the same starting
    instant, and displacements should be measured from the same origin in the same direction.

    • 𝑥𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = relative position of B with respect to A


    𝑥𝐵 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑥𝐵/𝐴

    • 𝑣𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 = relative velocity of B with respect to A


    𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑣𝐵/𝐴

    • 𝑎𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 − 𝑎𝐴 = relative acceleration of B with respect to A


    𝑎𝐵 = 𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵/𝐴

    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS

    1. A ball is tossed from the window 20 meters above the


    ground with a vertical velocity of 10 m/s. Determine:
    a) velocity and elevation above the ground at time t
    b) highest elevation reached by ball and corresponding
    time
    c) time when the ball hit the ground and corresponding
    velocity

    2. Ball is thrown vertically 12 m level in elevator shaft with


    initial velocity of 18 m/s. At same instant, open-platform
    elevator passes 5 m level moving upward at 2 m/s.
    Determine:
    a) when and where ball hits elevator
    b) relative velocity of ball and elevator at contact

    ES2: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies | engrjco 2

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