Lecture 9
Lecture 9
Lecture 9
Lecture # 9
28th Feb 2007
Instructor
WASEEM KHAN
Superheterodyne Receiver
A superheterodyne receiver converts the received RF signal to an
intermediate frequency (IF) first.
Problem
A message signal is given by
m(t) = 2cos(10 t) + 5cos(5 t)
The message signal modulates a carrier signal given by
c(t) = cos(500 t)
Sketch the Fourier transform of the message signal and
the modulated signal.
1
Digital Communications
Most of the modern communication systems are
employing digital techniques.
If the original information is not digital, it is digitized
before transmission.
The information is represented by a sequence of ones
and zeros.
Sequence of bits is converted to signal that can
propagate through channel.
The receiver extracts the same sequence of bits from the
received signal and converts back to analog (if the
information was originally analog).
Digital Communications
What is digital?
The information is digital, not the transmitted signal
Why digital?
- Easy to regenerate the distorted signal
- Regenerative repeaters along the transmission path can detect a
digital signal and retransmit a new, clean (noise free) signal
- These repeaters prevent accumulation of noise along the path
- This is not possible with analog communication systems
2
Digital Communications
Why Digital?
Good processing techniques are available for digital
signals, such as
- Data compression (or source coding)
- Error Correction (or channel coding)
- Equalization
3
Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK)
Modulation Process
In Amplitude Shift Keying
(ASK), the amplitude of the
carrier is switched between two
(or more) levels according to
the digital data
For BASK (also called ON-OFF
Keying (OOK)), one and zero
are represented by two
amplitude levels A1 and A0
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