KARACHI EDUCATION NEWS

“TARGET PAPER ” ANNUAL EXAMINATION

2022
XII-PHYSICS BY SIR MUNEEB
Section "B" (32 marks)
Attempt any & parts from this question. Each part carries 4 marks. Draw
diagram if necessary
Q1) derive expression for the force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic
field. OR Discuss the effect of temperature on the resistance of a metallic conductor
Q2) why it is necessary for an ammeter to have Zero/negligibly small resistance?
Q3) what do you mean by entropy? Describe the second law of thermodynamics in terms of
entropy. OR what do you understand by the frame of reference and inertial frame of
reference? Give one example of each
Q4) Define heat capacity, specific heat, and molar specific heat. Write down the
mathematical relations and line units, and establish the equation between molar Specific heat
and common specific heat?
Q5) Describe the Working and construction of x-rays OR Ruby Laser
Q6) Explain the uncertainty principle. Derive a relation for it and also explain the process of
pair production briefly?
Q7) Define Radioactivity state the law of radioactive decay write the equation showing the
change in parent nuclei α, B &y decay
Q8) Derive an expression for magnetic torque produced in a current-carrying coil placed in a
magnetic field? OR kinetic theory of a gas proves that kinetic energy is directly proportional
to the absolute temperature
Q9) Define Ammeter and Voltmeter explain how a galvanometer is converted into an
ammeter and voltmeter?
Q10) Describe the Wheatstone bridge to prove that a balanced wheat stone bridge
R1/R2 = R3/R4 OR P/Q = R/X
Q11) Lenz's law is a statement of the law of conservation of energy, comments.
Q12) give a brief account of interaction of radiation with matter.
Q13) what is a breeder reactor and why are they called breeder reactor? Write two statement
of second law of thermodynamics and prove its equivalence

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Q14) State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction explain the phenomenon of mutual
induction and self-induction derives an expression for mutual inductance and self-inductance
with its unit
OR Define metastable state, population inversion and discuss the principle for the production
oflaser light
Q15) what is the wavelength of the Second Spectral line of Panchen series in a hydrogen
atom, show your answer in angstrom?
Q16) what is a P-N junction? Explain Full wave Or Half wave rectification with the help of
diagram
Q17) Define potential difference OR potential gradient and derive the relation between
potential difference and electric field intensity
Q18) Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance when three capacitors are
connected in series or parallel
Q19) Prove that the difference of molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure and
constant volume equal to the universal gas constant
Q20) what is the half-life of radioactive nuclei? State the law of decay and give the relation
between the decay constant and half-life?
Q21) Describe fission and fusion and also describe its fission chain reaction
Q22) Describe construction and working of the Geiger Muller Counter
OR Wilson chamber? And also write its advantage
Q23) Explain Electric Flux. Under what condition is the flux through a surface is: () Zero
(1) Maximum 2) minima
Q24) Define motional emf and derive the relevant expression
Q25) State Boyle’s Law, ohm’s law and Charles’s laws. Derive General Gas Equation
Q26) what is meant by rectification? How does a semi-conductor diode work as a half wave
rectifier?
Q27) what is the photoelectric effect? Derive Einstein's photo-electric equation in terms of
frequency as well as wavelength.
Q28) what is resistance how is the resistance of metallic conductors affected by the variation
in temperature?
Q29) Define potential gradient. Derive mathematical relation between electric field intensity
& potential difference.
Q30) Prove mathematically that the radius of the circular path for charge moving in a
magnetic field is given as r = mVsinθ/qb

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Q31) what is a perfect black body? What are Max Plank's assumptions to explain black body
radiation also write P I's low of black body radiation
Q32) what is Transistor Show by diagram the working of PnP-transistor or working of
transistor as an amplifier
Give scientific reason any two of the following:
(a) A thermometer is placed in direct sunlight. Will it read the temperature of the air, or for
the sun of something else?
(b) An air capacitor is charged to a certain potential difference. It is then immersed in oil.
What happens to its (a) charge potential and capacitance?
(c) Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with the rise in temperature? (OR) How are
X-ray different from the visible radiations
(d) Why cp>cv?
(e) Why a gas possess two type of molar specific head capacities?

IMPORTANT NUMERICALS
1) A proton is accelerated 6x105volt. It then enters in a uniform magnetic field of B=0.3 webers-
m-2 in a direction making an angle 45° with the field. What is the radius of the circular path?
2) A photon of wavelength 0.004Ao in the vicinity of a heavy nucleus produces an
electron-positron pair. Find the kinetic energy of each particle of the pair in MeV, if
the kinetic energy of positron is twice that of electron
3) An air storage tank whose volume is 110 liters contains 2Kg of air at a pressure of 15 atm.
How much air would have to force into the tank to increase the pressure to 18atm, assuming
no change in temperature.
OR The half-life of Radon is 4.0 days. By what percent does its activity decrease per day?
4) A parallel plate capacitor has the plates 10cm x 10cm separated by a distance of 2.5cm. It is
initially filled with air, what will be the increase in its capacitance if a dielectric slab of the
same area and thickness 2.5cm is placed between the two plates? (Take Cr=2)
5) Find the Binding energy and Packing Fraction in MeV of the element 52 Tel26 given that mp =
1.0078U, mn= 1.0086U, mTe = 125.9033U.Given mca2 = 0.511 MeV. Find the total energy of
an electron moving with 0.85c.
6) Find the longest and the shortest wavelength of the photon emitted in Lyman Series
7) determine the shortest and the longest wavelength for blamer’s series (Rh = 1.098x107 m-1 )
8) A heat engine performs 1000J work at the same time rejects 4000J of heat energy to the cold
reservoir. What is the efficiency of the engine? If the difference in the temperature between
the sink and the source of the engine is 75°C, find the temperature of its source?
9) How much current is drawn by a half-horsepower electric motor operated from a 240 V
source of electricity? Assume that the efficiency of the motor is 80%.
OR A galvanometer of resistance of 50 Ohms gives full-scale deflection with a current of
10mA,a shunt of 0.05 Ohms is connected in parallel to convert it into an ammeter. Find the
range of theammeter
10) The half period of a 104Po210 is 140 days. By what percent does its activity decrease per week,
11) A capacitor of 10 uF is charged to a potential difference 220V, its plates are then
disconnected from the source and are connected parallel to another capacitor. The potential
difference in this combination comes down to 100v. What is the capacitance of the second
capacitor?
12) The difference of temperature of heat source and that of the heat sink in a Carnot engine is
75C Calculate temperature of source and the sink if the engine is 25% efficient,
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 13) Two capacitors of capacitance 2uf and 8uf are connected in series, and a potential difference
of 300 V is applied find the charge and potential difference for each capacitor
14) A rectangle bar of iron is 2cm x 2cm in cross-section and 20cm long. What will be its
resistance at 500c
If a= (0.0052K-1 p=11x10-4 ohm-m)
15) A galvanometer has a resistance of 50 ohms. And it gives a full-scale deflection for a current
of 002 A What modification should be made in it to measure a voltage of 200 V full scale?
16) What will be the velocity and momentum of a particle whose rest mass is me and kinetic
energy is equal to twice of its rest mass-energy?
17) In a TV picture tube, an electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 12000V
Determine the de Broglie wavelength given that h-6.63 x 1094j.s e=1.6 x 1029coulomb me -
9.11x 1031 kg
18) Determine the longest and the shortest wavelength of photons emitted in hydrogen atoms in
the Bracken series (R 1.097 x 107 m).
19) Find the binding energy and the binding energy per nucleon fraction in MeV of 52Te126 given
that m-1.0078u., m. 1.00864, mte 125.9033u and tu931.5 MeV
20) The 50 m trailer is moving with relativistic speed, it passes over a bridge of length of 40 m.
To an observer at rest, with respect to the bridge, at one instant the trailer seems to overlap the
bridge. Find the speed of trailer
21) A 500 Tulis coil in an A.C. generator having an area of 1000 cm totes in a magnetic field of
value 5OT. In order to generate 220 volts maximum? I low fast is the coil to be muted?
Express your answer in terms of revolutions per second.
22) Find the root mean square speed of nitrogen molecule (N) at 27. CG the mass of nitrogen
molecule to be 4.67 x1026kg K=1.38 x 1021 jk 527.3 m/s
23) A Carnot engine performs 2000 joule of work and rejects 4000, Jules of heat, to the sink. If
the difference in temperature between the sources of the Sink is 8 (find the pressure of the
source and sink.
24) An alpha particle of charge 3.2x10-19 c and mass 6.68x10-29 kg is held motionless between two
horizontal parallel plates separated by 10 cm.Find the potential difference between the plates
26) Two capacitors 10uf and 8uF are connected in series and the potential difference of 220 volts is
applied Find the charge and the potential difference for each capacitor
27) The difference of temperature between a hot and cold body is 120°C if the heat engine is 30%
efficient, find the temperature of the hot and cold body.
OR How many electrons should be removed from each of the two similar plates each of 10 kg so that
electrostatic repulsion is balanced by the gravitational field (G=6.67 x10-11 Nm2/kg2 and K= 9x 109
Nm2/C2)
29) A current of 5 amperes is maintained in along straight conductor by the source Calculate the force
per meter on a similar parallel conductor in air at a distance of 0.5m from the first and carrying a
current of 2 amperes.
30) Consider three resistance of 10ohm 5ohm and 7ohm are connected in series, Compute the
equivalent resistance of the circuit, also calculate the potential difference across each resistance if
source of 5V is attached with the circuit
31) A sodium surface is exposed to light of wavelength 3x10 m. If the work function of sodium metal
is 2.46 eV find the K.E of the photoelectron and cut off wave length (h=6.63x10-34/s)

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32). A maximum 5OmA current can be allowed to flow through 19.8 ohm coil of a galvanometer. The
galvanometer is to be used to measure 5A maximum current Calculate the length of copper wire to be
used as a shunt, the diameter of the wire is 4 mm. The specific resistance of copper (p) is 1.6x10-8
ohm-m
33) A hydrogen atom, an electron experiences a transition from a state whose binding energy is
0.54eV to a state whose excitation energy is 10.2 eV. (R-1.09710 /m) Calculate
(1) The quantum numbers of the two states. (b) The wavelength of the photons emitted
OR Calculate the relativistic speed at which the mass of a particle becomes double its rest
mass.

34) The inner and outer diameters of the toroid is 22cm and 26cm. if the current of 5 amp is passed
which produces 0.025T flux density inside the core, find the approximate length of wire wound on
toroid (Uo=4πx10-7 web/A.m.)

35) A certain solenoid 0.5m long iron and 40cm2 area of cross-section has 1000 turns per unit
lengthwhat is its self-induction

36) A 600 resistor is to be wound with copper wire 0.2m.m in diameter. How much wire is needed
(p = 1.60 x 1080 x m)

37) Calculate the root mean sq. speed of oxygen molecules at 800K if M=32gm/mole and
R=8.313J/mol.K OR Calculate the shortest and the longest wavelength of the radiations that is
emitted by hydrogen atom in Balmer's series.
38) If [15/16]th of the radioactive atoms of polonium=218 decay in 12.2min. Find the half-life of the
element and % of the element left. OR The half-life of 104Po210 is 140 days by what percent its activity
decrease per week does
39) A small sphere of weight 5x10 N is suspended by silk thread which attached to a point on large
insulting the plane, when the charge of 6x10 "C is placed on the ball thread, makes an angle of 30°
with vertical find the charge density on the plane.
40) A proton of mass 1.67x1027 kg and charge 1.6x10-19C is to be held motionless between two
horizontal parallel plates 6 cm apart. Find the voltage required to be applied between the plates.
41) A step down transformer at the end of transmission line reduces voltage from 2400V to 1200V.
The power output is 90 kilowatt and the overall efficiency of transformer is 95%. If primary coil have
400 turn, how many turns does the secondary coil, the power input and the current of each coil?
42) An emf of 45mv is induced in a coil of 500 turn if the current of neighbouring charges from 10
amp to 4 amp Find mutual inductance two pair of the coil and the rate of change flow of secondary
coil
OR A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is 200K efficiency of so it is desired to increase
this to 75% by how many degree should the temperature of low temperature decreases if the high
temperature reservoir remains at constant temperature
43) A rectangular Block of iron has dimension 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm x15m what is the resistance of
opposing square ends? What is the residence of between two of the rectangular force ( 1.6x108ohm-m
44) A galvanometer, whose resistance is son, affects full-scale deflection for a potential difference of
100 mV across its terminals. What shunt resistance should be added to convert it into an ammeter of
10 Amp?

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 OR A galvanometer of the ohmmeter has the resistance of 25ohms und deflects full scale with a
current of 2m Amp in it. The emf of the cell is 1.5volts.
(a) What is the value of series resistor (b) To what value of X connected to its terminal do
thedeflection of 1/5th of corresponding full scale?
An alternating current generator operates in 79Hz. The area of the coil is 500cm2. Calculate
the number of turns in the coil. When a magnetic field of induction 0.06 web/m2 produce a
maximum potential difference of 149 volts.
Find the shortest wavelength of the photon emitted in the Paschen series and determine its
energy in e.v. (R = 1.097 x 107/m, le.v = 1.60 x 10-19 ) Rg

Section "C” (20 Marks)

Note: Attempt any two questions. Draw a diagram where necessary. Marks are
indicated against each question.
Q1 (a) Prove that 1/3 pv2 and also prove T𝖺KE
1 (b) What are the inertial and no inertial frames of reference? Also, discuss the consequences
of the special theory of relativity?
OR
State and explain 1" law of thermodynamic with its four applications

Q2 (A) Explain the JJ Thomson method to find the charge to mass ratio of an electron, OR
derive the equation for the torque acting on a current-carrying rectangular coil suspended in a
uniform magnetic field.
Q2 (B) State Ampere's law and derive an expression for the magnetic field of induction inside
a solenoid and toroid
OR
Q 03: (a) State Gauss's Law write down its application to find out electric field intensity of
infinite charged sphere: i) at a point outside the charged sphere. ii) At a point on the surface
of charged sphere.
Q3 (B) what is Compton Effect? Derive an expression for the Compton shift in the
wavelength

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 Q4 (a) Define Bohr's atomic theory, derive expression for the following by using the (i). The
energy of an electron in the nth orbit of a hydrogen atom (11) the wavelength of photons
emitted in the hydrogen spectrum
Q4 (B) Describe the method for determining the ratio of charge to mass E/M of an electron
Derive the relative mathematical expression.
OR What is a transformer describe its construction and working and also derive the formula
for its efficiency?
THE END 

BEST OF LUCK
PREPARED BY ENGR SIR MUNEEB
(CEO/FOUNDER OF KARACHI EDUCATION NEWS)
What do you do with a mistake: recognize it, admit it, learn from it, and forget it?”
– Dean Smith

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Section "C" (20 Marks)
Note: Attempt any two questions. Draw a diagram where necessary. Marks are
indicated against each question.
Q1 (a) Prove that 1/3 pv2 and also prove T𝖺KE
1 (b) What are the inertial and no inertial frames of reference? Also, discuss the consequences
of the special theory of relativity?
OR
State and explain 1" law of thermodynamic with its four applications

Q2 (A) Explain the JJ Thomson method to find the charge to mass ratio of an electron, OR
derive the equation for the torque acting on a current-carrying rectangular coil suspended in a
uniform magnetic field.
Q2 (B) State Ampere's law and derive an expression for the magnetic field of induction inside
a solenoid and toroid
OR
Q 03: (a) State Gauss's Law write down its application to find out electric field intensity of
infinite charged sphere: i) at a point outside the charged sphere. ii) At a point on the surface
of charged sphere.
Q3 (B) what is Compton Effect? Derive an expression for the Compton shift in the
wavelength
Q4 (a) Define Bohr's atomic theory, derive expression for the following by using the (i). The
energy of an electron in the nth orbit of a hydrogen atom (11) the wavelength of photons
emitted in the hydrogen spectrum
Q4 (B) Describe the method for determining the ratio of charge to mass E/M of an electron
Derive the relative mathematical expression.
OR What is a transformer describe its construction and working and also derive the formula
for its efficiency?
THE END 

BEST OF LUCK
PREPARED BY ENGR SIR MUNEEB
(CEO/FOUNDER OF KARACHI EDUCATION NEWS)
What do you do with a mistake: recognize it, admit it, learn from it, and forget it?”
– Dean Smith
.

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