Energy MAP

Best Practice Worksheet - Pumps

This Best Practice Worksheet for Pumps is for identifying and quantifying energy savings opportunities associated with the
operation of pumps.

Your organisation should continuously identify opportunities for energy savings and record them in the Register of Opport
There should be a clear link between the opportunities and the Significant Energy Users in your organisation, e.g. pumps.

Layout of this Tool

- Green worksheets: this is where you enter data
- Blue worksheets: summary or example data
- Red worksheets: For SEAI use only

Using this Tool

- Enter data in the green cells only
- Each worksheet contains information, tips and calculation methods and examples for a different savings opportunity

Additional Information & Support

- There is extensive guidance on all twenty Energy MAP steps at www.seai.ie/energymap (click here)

- Click here to see SEAI's suite of supports to help public bodies reach their 33% energy-efficiency targets by 2020

- Click here to see SEAI's supports for SMEs and Large Industry
 Version 4

portunities associated with the

them in the Register of Opportunities.

our organisation, e.g. pumps.

different savings opportunity

lick here)

ciency targets by 2020

 The "Onion" Approach to Improving Energy Efficiency

1 Start at the centre of the Onion (see diagram below) by identifying the relevant Energy Service. An energy service demand is the need
for a specific level of work or activity to be performed. However, an Energy Service is more than simply 'pumping'.

To identify the Energy Service, ask yourself:

- What do I want to do with the pumped fluid?
- What is the fundamental piece of work that I want the pump to do?

An example of a pump related Energy Service might be: to transport feedwater from a tank to a boiler.

2 Then, for each Energy Service, ask yourself:

- Do I really need (paid-for) energy to deliver this energy service?
- Is there another way of delivering the output that requires using less or no energy?
- Can I use a less energy intensive alternative?
- What is the minimum specification required?
- Can I reduce (increase) pressures, temperatures, run times, flowrates, currents etc. to reduce the energy required?

3 Start at the point of energy service demand and work back upstream through the energy distribution and conversion system(s) – this is
consistent with the energy efficiency hierarchy.

4 Is the technology that is currently satisfying each energy service demand appropriate? Or can it be eliminated or replaced by a more
effective alternative?

5 Can the system be designed better?

6 Identify the most efficient / optimum operational control parameters for the most effective technology to satisfy each service demand.
Can cycle times be adjusted?

7 Are there opportunities to distribute the energy more efficiently, e.g. insulation, improved structural integrity (elimination of leaks), isolation
etc.?

8 Is there scope for technical or operational modifications to the energy conversion systems (compressors, boilers, chillers etc.) to reduce
the consumption of energy resources (natural gas, gasoil, electricity, wood chips etc.)?

9 Finally, are there O&M or housekeeping actions that can be taken to reduce the consumption of energy resources?

10 The following Onion diagram illustrates this approach and also identifies some best practice energy savings measures at different
'layers'. Simple energy saving calculation sheets for each of these measures are included in this spreadsheet.

Housekeeping

What do I want to do to with the

pumped fluid? Operation & Maintenance
What is the fundamental piece of Trim Impeller (Throttle)
work that I want the pump to do?
Control Systems Trim Impeller (Bypass)

Bypass to VSD
Plant Design
Do I really need energy to deliver
Throttle to VSD
this energy service?
Process
Is there another way of delivering Technology
the output that requires using less Size Motor Correctly
or no energy?
Can I use a less energy intensive
Energy Energy Efficient Motor
alternative?
Service
What is the minimum specification
required? Reduce pressure/flow

11 The Triple E Products Register is a new benchmark register of best in class energy efficient products. Products on this register all meet a
minimum set of stringent efficiency criteria and typically will be of a best in class efficiency standard. As such, procuring against this
register will provide you with the assurance that you are purchasing a product of very high efficiency. For more information go to
www.seai.ie/triplee. Public bodies are obliged to only procure equipment or vehicles that are listed on the register (or equivalent).
12 SEAI operates an accelerated capital allowance (ACA) scheme, which is a tax incentive for companies that pay corporation tax to
purchase energy efficient equipment. It allows companies to write off 100% of the purchase value of specified energy efficient equipment
in the year of purchase. To see which equipment qualifies for ACA and to find out more go to www.seai.ie/aca or click on the graphic
below. There is also useful technical information available on the qualifying equipment. There is also an ACA worksheet in this
spreadsheet.
 Pumps
- Trim Impeller (Throttle Control)
Pumps can often be substantially larger than they need to be when in use in industrial systems. Pumps are often oversized because of rounding up, trying to
accommodate gradual increases in pipe surface roughness and due to anticipating future system capacity increases. As a result of this, oversized pumps can have
operating points different to their design points. This can result in cavitation and energy wastage because some other means of control (e.g. throttle or bypass
valves) have to be used to regulate the system flow.

In systems where the flow is constantly throttled to some degree, the pump is not operating at peak efficiency and energy savings can be made by using a smaller
impeller to generate similar flow at a lower head (while opening the throttling valve) and thereby demanding less power. Some suppliers manufacture a range of
impellers and a smaller one may be easily sourced. In other situations, the user may need to trim the impeller. Impeller trimming involves machining the impeller to
a smaller diameter and then refitting it to the pump. Where the pump is in near continuous use and downtime has to be kept to a minimum often a smaller impeller
can be ordered rather than waiting while the existing impeller is machined. Downsizing the impeller has the effect of reducing both the flow rate and the pressure at
which the pump operates. As a result the pump uses less energy during its operation. Care should be taken when trimming an impeller as excessive trimming can
result in added clearance between the impeller and the impeller casing and this can cause internal flow recirculation, head loss and a reduction in pump efficiency.
Typically an impeller should not be resized to less than 75% of its original size.

Estimate Your Savings

What Does this Sheet Do? This sheet calculates the energy saving achieved by reducing pump impeller size and removing the system head due to throttle valve
control.

Rule of Thumb: A first-cut estimate of the energy used in throttled systems can be approximated by the formula [{0.38 x Rated Power} + {0.62 x Rated Power x (%
Flow Rate)^0.7}]. A first-cut estimate of the power used in the trimmed impeller system is given by (Rated Power) x (% Flow Rate)^2. This formula allows for the
presence of static head.

Example: Example: Example: Your Data: Your Data: Your Data:

Parameter Load Load Load Load Load Load Unit Comment
Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3 Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3

Pump Motor Power : 74.6 74.6 74.6 73.0 [kW] Rated Power of Pump Motor

Pump Motor Efficiency : 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% [%] Efficiency of Pump Motor

New Impeller: % Max Flow wrt New Flow Rate wrt Maximum Flow Rate [%] (Hint: Equal to New
: 75.0% 75.0% 75.0% [%]
Max Flow of Old Impeller Impeller Diameter / Old Impeller Diameter [%])

New Impeller Maximum Power : 42.0 42.0 42.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [kW] =(Old Rated power) x (% Flow Rate [%])2

Load Profile wrt Maximum Flow (Hint: Match the operating hours
% Load Profile : 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% [%]
(row 16) to the (up to) three Load Conditions on this row)

Annual Operation Hours : 1,000 1,000 1,000 [h] Operating Hours at each % load (load condition)

Power Consumed (Throttled =((0.38 x Motor Rating [kW]) + (0.62 x Motor Rating [kW]) x (%
: 58.6 67.4 75.5 30.8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
Pump & Old Impeller) Flow Rate [%]0.7)) / (Motor Efficiency [%])

Power Consumed (New =(0.38 x Motor Rating [kW]) + (0.62 x Motor Rating [kW]) x (%
: 32.9 37.9 42.4 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
Impeller) Flow Rate [%]0.7) / (Motor Efficiency [%])
= (Power With Throttled Pump and old impeller [kW]) - (Power
Power Savings : 25.6 29.5 33.0 30.8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
with New Impeller [kW])
Annual Energy Savings at Each
: 25,619 29,505 33,012 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kWh/y] = (Power Savings [kW]) x (Annual Operating Hours [h])
Flow Condition

Average Electricity Price : €0.140 €0.140 €0.140 €0.000 €0.000 [€/kWh] Insert from Energy Bills Analysis Tool

Annual Cost Savings at Each = (Annual Energy Savings at Each Flow Condition [kWh/y]) x
: €3,586.67 €4,130.64 €4,621.75 €0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [€/y]
Flow Condition (Average Electricity Price [€/kWh])

Total Annual Cost Saving : €12,339.06 #DIV/0! [€/y] = Sum of the Annual Cost Savings for the 3 Flow Conditions

Payback: The payback will depend on the cost to replace the impeller, the initial load profile and the amount of hours the pump is in operation at the various load
profile.

Additional Information & Tips

Due to standardisation pump casings and shafts are designed to accommodate impellers of different sizes. Many pump manufacturers provide pump performance
curves indicating how various models will perform with pump impellers of different diameters. An estimate of ther performance of the trimmed impeller can be made
by using interpolation on the pump curves for different impeller sizes. Impeller trimming has an effect similar to reducing the pump size, so it may be considered a
more cost effective solution than buying a smaller pump, depending on the circumstances. It is also worth noting that replacing an impeller with a smaller impeller
will incur more cost than trimming an impeller on a lathe. Impeller trimming should only be undertaken by suitably qualified individuals under the guidance of pump
experts.

Source: UK Carbon Trust Energy Savings in Industrial Water Pumping Systems 1997, U.S Department of Energy Industrial Technologies Programme Energy
Tips - Pumping Systems 2007, US Best Practice Sheets
 Pumps
- Trim Impeller
Pumps can often be substantially larger than they need to be when in use in industrial systems. Pumps are often oversized
because of rounding up, trying to accommodate gradual increases in pipe surface roughness and due to anticipating future
system capacity increases. As a result of this, oversized pumps can have operating points different to their design points. This
can result in cavitation and energy wastage because some other means of control (e.g. throttle or bypass valves) have to be
used to regulate the system flow.

In systems where bypass control is used to regulate the system flow the system pump is operating constantly at an output that
exceeds the system demand with the excess flow being returned to the pump. By reducing the impeller size you can effectively
reduce the flow and head generated across the pump to a level that more closely matches the system requirements. Impeller
trimming involves machining the impeller to a smaller diameter and then refitting it to the pump. Where the pump is in near
continuous use and downtime has to be kept to a minimum often a smaller impeller can be ordered rather than waiting while the
existing impeller is machined. Downsizing the impeller has the effect of reducing both the flow rate and the pressure at which the
pump operates. As a result the pump uses less energy during its operation. Care should be taken when trimming an impeller as
excessive trimming can result in added clearance between the impeller and the impeller casing and this can cause internal flow
recirculation, head loss and a reduction in pump efficiency. Typically an impeller should not be resized to less than 75% of its
original size.

Estimate Your Savings

What Does this Sheet Do? This sheet calculates the energy saving achieved by reducing pump impeller size in a bypass
control system.

Rule of Thumb: For systems using bypass control the power used is approximately 100% of the Rated Power divided by the
efficiency, for all system flow conditions. A first-cut estimate of the power used in the trimmed impeller system is given by
(Rated Power) x (% Flow Rate)^2. This formula allows for the presence of static head.

Parameter Example: Your Data: Unit Comment

Pump Motor Power : 20.0 [kW] Rated Power of Pump Motor

Pump Motor Efficiency : 90.0% [%] Efficiency of Pump Motor

New Impeller: % Max Flow wrt New Flow Rate wrt Maximum Flow Rate [%] (Hint: Equal to New Impeller
: 75.0% [%]
Max Flow of Old Impeller Diameter / Old Impeller Diameter [%])

Annual Operation Hours : 4,000 [h] Operating Hours

Power Consumed (Bypass

: 22.2 #DIV/0! [kW] =Pump Motor Power [kW] / (Motor Efficiency [%])
Control & Old Impeller)

Power Consumed (New

: 12.5 #DIV/0! [kW] = ((Rated power [kW]) x (% Flow Rate [%] ) 2 ) / Motor Efficiency [%]
Impeller)

= (Power with bypass control & old impeller [kW]) - (Power with New Impeller
Power Savings : 9.7 #DIV/0! [kW]
[kW])
Annual Energy Savings at Each
: 38,889 #DIV/0! [kWh/y] = (Power Savings [kW]) x (Annual Operating Hours [h])
Flow Condition

Average Electricity Price : €0.140 [€/kWh] Insert from Energy Bills Analysis Tool

Annual Cost Savings at Each = (Annual Energy Savings at Each Flow Condition [kWh/y]) x (Average
: €5,444.44 #DIV/0! [€/y]
Flow Condition Electricity Price [€/kWh])

Payback: The payback will depend on the cost to replace the impeller, the initial load profile and the amount of hours the pump
is in operation at the various load profile.

Additional Information & Tips

Due to standardisation pump casings and shafts are designed to accommodate impellers of different sizes. Many pump
manufacturers provide pump performance curves indicating how various models will perform with pump impellers of different
diameters. Impeller trimming has an effect similar to reducing the pump size, so it may be considered a more cost effective
solution than buying a smaller pump, depending on the circumstances. It is also worth noting that replacing an impeller with a
smaller impeller will incur more cost than trimming an impeller on a lathe. Impeller trimming should only be undertaken by
suitably qualified individuals under the guidance of pump experts.

Source: UK Carbon Trust Energy Savings in Industrial Water Pumping Systems 1997, U.S Department of Energy Industrial
Technologies Programme Energy Tips - Pumping Systems 2007, US Best Practice Sheets
 Pumps
- Bypass Control to VSD Control
A Variable Speed Drive (VSD) is a device that controls the rotational speed of motor driven equipment. It does this by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the power
supplied to an AC motor according to system requirements. These inputs can be controlled manually, although in most applications an automatic control loop is used. In a
closed control loop a transducer monitors the flow-rate or pressure and then a process controller generates the correct speed-demand response automatically. This method of
control has the advantage of creating a quick response time to system changes and helps to maximise savings.

Where a motor is operating under light loading conditions the addition of a VSD can result in energy savings. The VSD saves energy by matching the motor output to the part
load condition. The magnitude of these savings depends on the Torque-Speed characteristics of the load being driven. There are three types of relationships: Varying Torque,
Constant Torque and Constant Power. In systems where the load characteristic is that of Varying Torque the power used by the motor is proportional to the cube of the motor
speed in accordance with the Affinity Laws. As a result, a 20% reduction in motor speed corresponds to a reduction of over 50% in power consumed. However, as most real
systems have some component of static head the relationship must be altered to account for this. Despite this, systems with static head losses of less than 20% offer cost
effective opportunities for savings. Variable Torque Loads include Fans and Centrifugal Pumps. Typical efficiency for VSDs is in the range of 92-95% with the 5-8% losses
occurring as heat dissipation due to electrical switching within the controls.

Important Note: Positive displacement pumps are of a Constant Torque load characteristic and may not realise the same amount of energy savings from a speed reduction.

Estimate Your Savings

What Does this Sheet Do?: Calculates the energy saving achieved by fitting a VSD to a system previously controlled using a bypass valve.

Rule of Thumb: The energy used in bypass systems can be calculated as (Rated Motor Capacity / % Motor Efficiency) as the pump is under constant operation. A first-cut
estimate of the energy used in VSD systems can be approximated by (Rated Power) x (% Flow Rate)^2. This includes the impact of a static head pressure.

Example: Example: Example: Your Data: Your Data: Your Data:

Parameter Load Load Load Load Load Load Unit Comment
Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3 Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3

Pump Motor Power : 40.0 40.0 40.0 [kW] Rated Power of Pump Motor

Motor Efficiency Rating at Design

: 90.0% 98.0% 98.0% [%] Efficiency of Pump Motor at Design Flow
Output
Variable Speed Drive Efficiency
: 98.0% 100.0% 100.0% [%] VSD Efficiency Rating
Rating
Load Profile wrt Maximum Flow (Hint: Match the operating hours (row 19) to
% Load Profile : 25.0% 50.0% 100.0% [%]
the (up to) three Load Conditions on this row)

Hours of Operation at Each Flow

: 1,000 4,000 1,000 [h] Operating Hours at each % load (load condition)
Rate

Power Used With Bypass System : 44.4 40.8 40.8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW] = Rated Power [kW] / Motor Efficiency [%]

Power Used With Variable Speed = ((Rated power [kW]) x (% Flow Rate [%] ) 2 / (VSD Efficiency [%])) / Motor
: 2.8 10.2 40.8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
Pump Efficiency [%]

= Power with Bypass System [kW] - Power Used with Variable Speed Pump
Power Savings : 41.6 30.6 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
[kW]
Annual Energy Savings at Each
: 41,610 122,449 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kWh] = Power Savings [kW] x Hours of Operation at Each Flow Rate [h]
Flow Condition

Average Electricity Price : €0.140 €0.140 €0.140 €0.000 €0.000 [€/kWh] Insert from Energy Bills Analysis Tool

Annual Cost Savings at Each = (Annual Energy Savings at Each Flow Condition [kWh/yr]) x (Average
: €5,825 €17,143 €0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kWh/y]
Flow Condition Electricity Price [€/kWh])

Total Annual Cost Savings : €22,968 #DIV/0! [€/y] = Sum of the Annual Cost Savings for the 3 Flow Conditions

Payback: In order to evaluate the payback for a VSD the system most be monitored for a period of time to evaluate a duty load cycle. While VSDs are relatively expensive,
typical payback periods can be as low as less than two years depending on the cost of the system and the savings to be made due to the part loading of the system. Bypass
controlled systems will have shorter payback periods than throttled controlled systems due to their constant operation at full load.

Additional Information & Tips

Before deciding to install a VSD ensure the system is as efficient as possible. It is then advisable to monitor the existing equipment for a period of time to identify if the system
motor is running at a capacity lower than design capacity. Doing so ensures that a VSD is actually required, that it can be sized correctly, and maximum savings can be made.
As outlined above, the most suitable systems for installation of a VSD are those where the motor output is not 100% utilised, however before coming to the conclusion that a
VSD is required you should consider motor resizing. For example, if a system is only working at a maximum of 40% of motor output it might be more advantageous to resize
the motor to that of half of the original size. Now the new motor is operating up to 80% of its maximum output and the addition of a VSD might not incur any further savings.

When calculating the energy savings with a VSD it is important to consider the the efficiency of the VSD and also the efficiency of the motor when it is operating partially
loaded and at a reduced speed to satisfy system requirements. The motor manufacturer should be consulted if it is planned to use a VSD to significantly reduce the speed of
the motor as this will reduce the cooling effect of the motor fan. It may be prudent to set a minimum speed on the VSD to prevent overheating of the motor especially in high
temperature summer conditions.

Source: UK Carbon Trust Variable Speed Drive CTG006 2007; Energy Savings in Industrial Water Pumping Systems 1997, U.S Department of Energy Industrial
Technologies Programme Energy Tips - Motor 2007, US Best Practise Sheets
 Pumps
- Throttled Control to VSD Control
A Variable Speed Drive (VSD) is a device that controls the rotational speed of motor driven equipment. It does this by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the power
supplied to an AC motor according to system requirements. These inputs can be controlled manually, although in most applications an automatic control loop is used. In a
closed control loop a transducer monitors the flow-rate or pressure and then a process controller generates the correct speed-demand response automatically. This
method of control has the advantage of creating a quick response time to system changes and helps to maximise savings.

Where a motor is operating under light loading conditions the addition of a VSD can result in energy savings. The VSD saves energy by matching the motor output to the
part load condition. The magnitude of these savings depends on the Torque-Speed characteristics of the load being driven. There are three types of relationships: Varying
Torque, Constant Torque and Constant Power. In systems where the load characteristic is that of Varying Torque the power used by the motor is proportional to the cube
of the motor speed in accordance with the Affinity Laws. As a result, a 20% reduction in motor speed corresponds to a reduction of over 50% in power consumed.
However, as most real systems have some component of static head the relationship must be altered to account for this. Despite this, systems with static head losses of
less than 20% offer cost effective opportunities for savings. Variable Torque Loads include Fans and Centrifugal Pumps. Typical efficiency for VSDs is in the range of 92-
95% with the 5-8% losses occurring as heat dissipation due to electrical switching within the controls.

Important Note: Positive displacement pumps are of a Constant Torque load characteristic and may not realise the same amount of energy savings from a speed
reduction.

Estimate Your Savings

What Does this Sheet Do?: Calculates the energy saving achieved by fitting A VSD to a system previusly controlled using a throttled valve.

Rule of Thumb: The following formula provides an estimate of the energy used in throttled systems [{0.38 x Rated Power} + {0.62 x Rated Power x (% Flow Rate)0.7}].
The energy used in VSD systems can be approximated by (Rated Power) x (% Flow Rate)^2, this includes the impact of a static head pressure.

Example: Example: Example: Your Data: Your Data: Your Data:

Parameter Load Load Load Load Load Load Unit Comment
Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3 Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3

Pump Motor Power : 30.0 30.0 30.0 [kW] Rated Power of Pump Motor

Pump Motor Efficiency Rating 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% [%] Efficiency of Pump Motor

Variable Speed Drive Efficiency

98.0% 98.0% 98.0% [%] VSD Efficiency Rating
Rating
Enter Load Profile, % Rated Flow Load Profile wrt Maximum Flow (Hint: Match the operating hours (row 20)
25.0% 50.0% 100.0% [%]
Capacity of Pump to the (up to) three Load Conditions on this row)

Hrs/yr for Each %Flow Rate : 1,000 4,000 1,000 [h] Operating Hours at each % load (load condition)

={0.38 x Connected Motor Power) + (0.62 x Connected Motor Power [kW]

Power With Throttled Pump : 20.5 25.4 33.3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
x (% Flow Rate [%]) 0.7) / Motor Efficiency [%]

Power With Variable Speed = ((Rated power [kW]) x (% Flow Rate [%] )2 / VSD Efficiency [%]) / Motor
: 2.1 8.5 34.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW]
Pump Efficiency [%]

Power Savings : 18.4 16.9 -0.7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kW] = Power with Throttled Pump [kW] - Power with Variable Speed Pump [kW]

Annual Energy Savings at Each

: 18,372 67,540 -680 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [kWh] = Power Savings [kW] x Hours of Operation at Each Flow Rate [h]
Flow Condition

Average Electricity Price : €0.140 €0.140 €0.140 €0.000 €0.000 €0.000 [€/kWh] Insert from Energy Bills Analysis Tool

Annual Cost Savings at Each = (Annual Energy Savings at Each Flow Condition [kWh/y]) x (Average
: €2,572 €9,456 -€95 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! [€/y]
Flow Condition Electricity Price [€/kWh])

Total Annual Cost Savings : €11,932 #DIV/0! [€/y] = Sum of the Annual Cost Savings for the 3 Flow Conditions

Payback: In order to evaluate the payback for a VSD the system most be monitored for a period of time to evaluate a duty load cycle for the system. While VSDs are
relatively expensive typical payback periods can be as low as less than two years depending on the cost of the system and the savings to be made due to the part loading
of the system.

Additional Information & Tips

Before deciding to install a VSD ensure the system is as efficient as possible. It is then advisable to monitor the existing equipment for a period of time to identify if the
system motor is running at a capacity lower than design capacity. Doing so ensures that a VSD is actually required, that it can be sized correctly, and maximum savings
can be made. As outlined above, the most suitable systems for installation of a VSD are those where the motor output is not 100% utilised, however before coming to the
conclusion that a VSD is required you should consider motor resizing. For example, if a system is only working at a maximum of 40% of motor output it might be more
advantageous to resize the motor to that of half of the original size. Now the new motor is operating up to 80% of its maximum output and the addition of a VSD might not
incur any further savings.

When calculating the energy savings with a VSD it is important to consider the the efficiency of the VSD and also the efficiency of the motor when it is operating partially
loaded and at a reduced speed to satisfy system requirements. The motor manufacturer should be consulted if it is planned to use a VSD to significantly reduce the speed
of the motor as this will reduce the cooling effect of the motor fan. It may be prudent to set a minimum speed on the VSD to prevent overheating of the motor especially in
high temperature summer conditions.

Source: UK Carbon Trust Variable Speed Drive CTG006 2007; Energy Savings in Industrial Water Pumping Systems 1997, U.S Department of Energy Industrial
Technologies Programme Energy Tips - Motor 2007, US Best Practise Sheets
 Accelerated Capital Allowance (ACA)

In addition to saving money by operating more energy efficient equipment, companies that pay corporation tax can
improve cashflow by investing in equipment that qualifies for the Accelerated Capital Allowance (ACA) scheme
operated by SEAI. This is a tax incentive for companies to purchase energy efficient equipment. To see which
equipment qualifies for ACA and to find out more go to www.seai.ie/aca or click on the graphic below. There is also
useful technical information available on the qualifying equipment.

Estimate Your Savings

What Does this Sheet Do? Calculates the Cashflow savings achievable by availing of Accelerated Capital
Allowances for qualifying energy-efficient equipment.

Rule of Thumb: ACA allows companies to write off 100% of the purchase value of specified energy efficient
equipment in the year of purchase.

Parameter Example Your Data Unit Comment

Capital cost of Qualifying

: €100,000 [€] See www.seai.ie/aca for details of qualifying equipment
Equipment

Corporation Tax Rate : 12.5% 12.5% [%]

Actual Year 1 Net Standard capital allowance allows firms to write off 1/8 of capital cost against
: €98,438 €0 [€]
Cashflow without ACA tax each year (for 8 years)

Actual Year 1 Net Accelerated capital allowance allows firms to write off ALL of capital cost
: €87,500 €0 [€]
Cashflow with ACA against tax in first year

Year 1 Saving in Net = (Actual Year 1 Net Cashflow without ACA) - (Actual Year 1 Net Cashflow
: €10,938 €0 [€]
Cashflow with ACA)

Discount Rate : 9.0% [%] The Discount Rate used by your business

PV of standard Capital Present Value (PV) to your business of the Standard Capital Allowances, i.e.
€9,426 €0 [€]
Allowance no ACA

PV of Accelerated Capital Present Value (PV) to your business of the Accelerated Capital Allowances,
€12,500 €0 [€]
Allowance i.e. with ACA

Additional Information & Tips

With the standard capital allowance for plant and machinery, the tax saving is spread equally over eight years and
therefore also subject to typical monetary devaluation. With the ACA, it is all recovered in the first year, resulting in
direct cash flow benefits without degradation of value with time.

In summary, the ACA benefits you by ensuring:

- increased opportunities for further investment

- a shorter break-even period on the investment
- a higher return on the investment
- lower ongoing energy costs through using energy-efficient equipment
- a marketing edge through being environmentally friendly
- a higher real value on capital allowance return in an inflationary market

Remember that these savings are in addition to the operational savings (energy, € and environmental) associated
with using energy efficient equipment.

Source: www.seai.ie/aca
 Energy MAP Tool Version History

Version Description of Modification(s) Date

Draft Issued to SEI for review 12/23/2009

1.0 Final - for publication 6/9/2009

2.0 Final - updated logos and links to reflect SEAI rebranding 10/5/2010

Addition of Intro Sheet

3.0 Edits for PS organisations 9/6/2012

4.0 Additional guidance text 10/16/2012

 Additional Comments

2012 Review of Energy MAP 'Family'

Issued for internal review

Issued for publication on SEAI website