Student Info Student Info

Name: Anas
Name: Anwar Roll # 19
Roll # 35 Reg # 04-34-1-065
Reg # 04-3-1-098 Course: MD-I
Course: MD-I Topic: Gear Design
Topic: Gear Design Submitted to: Ali Khan
Submitted to: Date: 8th May, 2023
Date: 8th May, 2023

Spur Gear Kinematics

Given Data
Gear Type Diametral P Pressure Angle Type of load Speed of pinion Speed of gear
Spur 12 20 Uniform 900 74

Service Factor Reliability No of load applica Life Materail Load Type

1 0.99 1 25000 200 HB Light Shock

Finding
Pitch Dia Circular Pitch Addendum Dedendum Outer Dia Root Dia

Spur Gear Kinematics

Dp of Pinion 1.417 Dr of Gear 17.021
Dp of Gear 17.2297297297 Whole Depth 0.188
Pc of Pinion 0.262 Work Depth 0.167
Pc of Gear 0.022 Tooth Thickn 0.131
Addendum 0.083 Center Distan 9.323
Dedendum 0.104 DbP 1.331
Clearance 0.021 DbG 16.191
O.D of Pinion 1.583 Contact Ratio 1.71436399571
O.D of Gear 17.396 Metric Modul 0.08333333333
Dr of Pinion 1.208 Circular Pitch 3.184046608368
Face Width 1

Design of Spur Gear

Velocity Ratio 12.1621621622 Rim Thickness 1.

No of teeth in gear 206.8 Reliability Fa 1
Pitch Line speed 333.795 Pinion Loadin 1350000000
Tangential Force 247.058823529 Gear Loading 111000000
Face Width 1 Y, Pinion Stre0.932557648779
Modulus of elastici 2300 . Y, Gear Stress0.974964674912
Dynamic factor 1.19 Z, Pinion Stre0.893327617677
Jp,Geometry Factor, 0.43545045045 Z, Gear Stress 0.94616310451
Jg, Geometry Factor, 0.29 Pinion Bendi 20938.9909253
Geometric Factor I 0.11389527027 Gear Bending31441.01044966 .
Load-distribution fac 1.2922184 Contact Stre 157832.9874878
Size Factor Ks 1
Results
Pinion Allowable 22453.29385559
Gear Allowable B 32248.35859053
Pinion Allowable 176679.8477566
Gear Allowable co166813.7203147
Required Hardne 458.3225085607
Material 1340 OQT 700
r Gear Kinematics

Given Data
No of teeth in pi Pinion Material Quality Numbers
17 Steel Av8

Load distributionPressure angle

2 20

Finding
Whole Depth Work Depth Tooth Thickness Center Distance Module Contact Ratio

Gear Kinematics

sign of Spur Gear 2.5

No of teeth of gear No of teeth of pinion Select the integral Value
5 60.8
6 73.0
7 85.1
8 97.3
9 109.5
10 121.6
11 133.8
12 145.9
13 158.1
14 170.3
15 182.4
16 194.6
17 206.8
18 218.9
19 231.1
20 243.2
21 255.4
22 267.6
23 279.7
24 291.9
25 304.1
26 316.2
27 328.4
28 340.5
29 352.7
30 364.9
 Helical Gear Kinematics
Given
Pressure Angle Helix Angle Pd Trans Face Width N
12.62 30 12 1.25 28

Finding
Pressure Angle Trans Pt Pn Pnd Axial Pitch Face Contact Ratio D

Calculations
Pressure Angle Trans Pt Pn Pnd Axial Pitch Face Contact Ratio D
14.50 0.262 0.227 13.856 0.453 2.76 2.33
matics

m Normal m

m Normal m
0.083 0.072
 Bevel Gear Kinematics
Given
Pd Np Ng Type
8 16 48 Straight

Finding
Gear Ratio Pitch Dia Pitch Cone Angle Outer Cone Dis Face Width Mean Cone Dis Ratio

Mean Addendum Factor Mean Addendum Mean Dedendum Dedendum Angle

Calculations
Gear Ratio 3
Pd Pinion 2
Pd Gear 6
Γ 71.57
r 18.43
Ao 3.16
Fnom 0.949 F
Fmax 1.054 1
Am 2.662
Ratio 0.842
pm 0.331
h 0.210
C 0.026
hm 0.237
c1 0.242
aG 0.051
aP 0.159
bG 0.186
bP 0.077
ƾG 3.99
ƾP 1.66
A0g 0.065
A0p 0.194
Do 6.041
do 2.369
ematics

Mean Circ. P Mean Work Depth Clearance Mean Whole Depth

Outer Addendum Outside Dia

s
 Worm Gear
Given
Teeth Pdg Worm Speed Pdw Nw
52 6 1750 2 3

Finding
Circular Pitch Axial Pitch Lead Lead Angle DG Center Distance

Calculations
Circular Pitch Px Lead ƛ DG C V.R nG Vtg
0.5236 0.5236 1.5708 14.04 8.667 5.333 17.333 101.0 229
V Velocity Ratio Vtg Vtw module

Vtw m
916 0.667
Pinion Speed Design Powe
np (rpm) Pde

np (rpm) Pd=32 or m=0.8 Pd=24 or m=1 Pd=20 or m=1.25

24 20
1 2 3
0
50
100
150
200 0.1
250 0.2
300 0.1 0.4
450 0.25 0.6
600 0.4 0.78
900 0.1 0.68 1.05
1200 0.25 0.9 1.5
1500 0.47 1.1 1.8
1800 0.58 1.3 2.1
2100 0.65 1.5 2.6
2400 0.72 1.7 2.8
2700 0.8 1.8 3.1
3000 0.88 2 3.5
3300 0.95 2.1 3.6
3600 1 2.3 3.8

interpolation
1900.00 0.60 1.37 2.27
10
np (rpm) Pd

250
Design Power Transmitted
Pdes(hp)

Pd=16 or m=1.5 Pd=12 or m=2 Pd=10 or m=2.5 Pd=8 or m=3 Pd=6 or m=4 Pd=5 or m=5 Pd=4 or m=6
16 12 10 8 6 5 4
4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0.8 26
1 17 31
0.62 1.3 11 20 36
0.71 1.55 2.3 4.5 13 24 41
0.8 1.79 3 5.6 15 27 46
0.9 2 3.6 6.8 17 30 50
1.3 2.9 4.8 8.6 22 39 65
1.6 3.7 6.05 10.5 27 48 80
2.05 5.05 8.9 16 37 65 105
3 7 10.5 20.5 48 80 140
3.8 8.1 14 25 57 99 170
4.2 9.2 16 29 62 110 200
5 11 18 32 71 122 215
5.4 12 20 38 79 135 250
6 13 21 41 90 150 280
6.5 14 23 45 95 160
7 15 25 49 101 170
7.4 16 27 51 103 180

4.47 9.80 16.67 30.00 65.00 114.00 205.00

 Spur Gear; Design Power Transmitted vs Pinion Speed

1000

Pd=3 or m=8
3
11

58 100
67
78
91
Design Power Transmitted Pdes(hp)

105
145
185
260 10

0.1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Pinion Speed , np

Column B Column C Column D Column E Column F Column G

Column H Column I Column J Column K Column L
peed

3500 4000

F Column G
L
Face Thickness
0.5 1 1.5 2
0 0.025 0.075 0.125 0.175
1 0.025 0.075 0.125 0.175
2 0.0375 0.0875 0.1375 0.1875
3 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.4

4 0.0625 0.1125 0.1625 0.2125 0.35

5 0.075 0.125 0.175 0.225 0.3
6 0.0875 0.1375 0.1875 0.2375 0.25
7 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
0.2
8 0.1125 0.1625 0.2125 0.2625
0.15
9 0.125 0.175 0.225 0.275
10 0.1375 0.1875 0.2375 0.2875 0.1

11 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.05

12 0.1625 0.2125 0.2625 0.3125 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
13 0.175 0.225 0.275 0.325
14 0.1875 0.2375 0.2875 0.3375 0.5
15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

Face Width Open geariCommercial

Precision Extra-precision enclosed gear units

0 0.247 0.127 0.0675 0.038

1 0.2636235 0.142691 0.080207 0.048118 0.6
2 0.280094 0.158163 0.09273 0.058071
0.5
3 0.2964115 0.173416 0.105067 0.06786
4 0.312576 0.188451 0.117218 0.077485 0.4
5 0.3285875 0.203268 0.129185 0.086945 0.3
6 0.344446 0.217865 0.140966 0.096241
0.2
7 0.3601515 0.232244 0.152563 0.105372
8 0.375704 0.246405 0.163974 0.114339 0.1
9 0.3911035 0.260347 0.175199 0.123142 0
10 0.40635 0.27407 0.18624 0.13178 1 2 3 4 5

11 0.4214435 0.287575 0.197095 0.140254 Open gearing

12 0.436384 0.300861 0.207766 0.148563 Precision enclo
13 0.4511715 0.313928 0.218251 0.156708
14 0.465806 0.326777 0.22855 0.164689
15 0.4802875 0.339408 0.238665 0.172505

Type Face Width Diameter inion propoesh align Load-Distribution Factor, Km

Precision enclosed g 4 2 0.175 0.117218 1.292218
 Fig 9-12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0.5 1 1.5 2

Fig 9-13
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Open gearing Commercial enclosed gear units

Precision enclosed gear units Extra-precision enclosed gear units

Open gearCommercialPrecision enExtra-precision enclosed gear units

0.247 0.1884512 0.1172184 0.036685

Brinell hardness, HB allowable bending stress
Grade 1 Grade 2
140 23.622 30.68
160 25.168 32.72
180 26.714 34.76 70
200 28.26 36.8
60
220 29.806 38.84
240 31.352 40.88 50
260 32.898 42.92
40
280 34.444 44.96
300 35.99 47 30
320 37.536 49.04
20
340 39.082 51.08
360 40.628 53.12 10
380 42.174 55.16
0
400 43.72 57.2 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Brinell hardness, allowable bending stress

Grade 1 Grade 2
Grade 2 160 32.72
80 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400

Grade 1 Grade 2
Grade 1 Grade 2
25.168 32.72
Brinell hardn allowable contact stress
Grade 1 Grade 2
140 74.18 82.96
160 80.62 89.94
180 87.06 96.92
200 93.5 103.9 Chart Title
220 99.94 110.88 200
240 106.38 117.86 180
260 112.82 124.84 160
280 119.26 131.82
140
300 125.7 138.8
120
320 132.14 145.78
100
340 138.58 152.76
80
360 145.02 159.74
60
380 151.46 166.72
400 157.9 173.7 40
20
0 Grade 1 Grade 2
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 32
Grade 1 160 80.62 80.62 89.94
 Chart Title

220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
Gear Ratio Geometric FactoGeometric Factor (I), Np=16 Geometric Factor (I), Np=24
1 16 24
1 0.075 0.075 0.079
2 0.089 0.089 0.098
3 0.096 0.096 0.108
4 0.102 0.102 0.115
5 0.105 0.105 0.118
6 0.107 0.107 0.121
7 0.108 0.108 0.123
8 0.109 0.109 0.124
9 0.11 0.11 0.125
10 0.111 0.111 0.126
11 0.112 0.112 0.127
12 0.113 0.113 0.128
13 0.114 0.114 0.129

Target X 12.162162162 0.113162162162162 0.113162162162162

before 10 0.111 0.111
after 13 0.114 0.114

No of teeth of pinion Gear Ratio

17 12.1621621621622
Geometric Factor (I), Np=30 Geometric Factor (I), Np=50 0.16
30 50
0.15
0.081 0.082
0.14
0.102 0.108
0.112 0.121 0.13
0.12 0.128
0.12
0.124 0.134
0.127 0.138 0.11

0.13 0.142 0.1

0.131 0.144
0.09
0.132 0.146
0.132 0.147 0.08
0.132 0.148
0.07
0.132 0.149
0.132 0.15 0.06
0 2 4 6

0.119027027027027 0.132 0.149162

0.132 0.132 0.147 17
0.114 0.132 0.15 16
24
Geometric Factor,I
0.11389527027027
2 4 6 8 10 12

0.113895
0.113162
0.119027
Gear Ratio Geometric Factor (I), Np=16 Geometric Factor (I), Np=24
1 16 24
1 0.088 0.088 0.093
2 0.106 0.106 0.115
3 0.114 0.114 0.126
4 0.12 0.12 0.134
5 0.123 0.123 0.138
6 0.126 0.126 0.142
7 0.128 0.128 0.144
8 0.129 0.129 0.146
9 0.13 0.13 0.148
10 0.13 0.13 0.148
11 0.13 0.13 0.148
12 0.13 0.13 0.148
13 0.13 0.13 0.148

Target X 8 0.129 0.129

before 8 0.129 0.129
after 9 0.13 0.13

No of teeth of pinion Gear Ratio

18 8
Geometric Factor (I), Np=30 Geometric Factor (I), Np=50 0.17
30 50 0.16
0.095 0.096
0.15
0.118 0.121
0.131 0.136 0.14
0.139 0.146 0.13
0.144 0.152
0.12
0.148 0.156
0.15 0.159 0.11
0.152 0.162 0.1
0.154 0.163
0.09
0.154 0.164
0.154 0.164 0.08
0 2 4 6
0.154 0.164
Geometric Factor (I), Np=16
0.154 0.164
Geometric Factor (I), Np=30

0.146 0.152 0.162

0.146 0.152 0.162 18
0.13 0.154 0.163 16
24
Geometric Factor,I
0.13325
2 4 6 8 10 12

Geometric Factor (I), Np=16 Geometric Factor (I), Np=24

Geometric Factor (I), Np=30 Geometric Factor (I), Np=50

0.13325
0.129
0.146
 Suggested Overload Factors, K0
Power Source Uniform Light Shock Moderate Shock Heavy Shock
Uniform 1 1.25 1.5 1.75
Light Shock 1.2 1.4 1.75 2.25
Moderate Shock 1.3 1.7 2 2.75
 Suggested Size Factors, KS
Diametral pitch, Pd Metric module, m Size factor, Ks
≥5 ≤5 1
1.25 20 1.4
2 12 1.25
3 8 1.15
4 6 1.05
5 4 1

12 Err:502
3 8 1.05
Err:502 Err:502 Err:502

12 1
 Gear material and modulus of elasticity, EG, lb/in2 (MPa)
Aluminum
Steel Malleable iron Nodular iron Cast iron
Pinion bronze
30 x 106 25 x 106 24 x 106 22 x 106
material 17.5 x 106
(2 x 10 ) (1.7 x 10 )
5 5
(1.7 x 105) (1.5 x 105)
(1.2 x 105)

Steel 2300 2180 2160 2100 1950

Mall. Iron 2180 2090 2070 2020 1900
Nod. Iron 2160 2070 2050 2000 1880
Cast iron 2100 2020 2000 1960 1850
Al. bronze 1950 1900 1880 1850 1750
Tin bronze 1900 1850 1830 1800 1700
a)

Tin bronze
16 x 106 (1.1
x 105)

1900
1850
1830
1800
1700
1650
 Reliability Factor, KR
Reliability KR
0.9 0.90, one failure in 10 0.85
0.99 0.99, one failure in 100 1
0.999 0.999, one failure in 1000 1.25
0.9999 0.9999, one failure in 10000 1.5

0.99 1
 APPENDIX 3 Design Properties of Carbon and Alloy Steels Brinel
Tensile Yield Ductility l
Material designation
hardn
(SAE number) (ksi) strength
(MPa) strength(ksi) (percent
(MPa) (HB)
ess
Condition elongati
111 1020 Hot-rolled 55 379 30 207on in 111
2 in)
122 1020 Cold-drawn 61 420 51 352 25 122
121 1020 Annealed 60 414 43 296 15 121
144 1040 1
Hot-rolled 72 496 42 290 38 144
160 1040 Cold-drawn 80 552 71 490 18 160
183 1040 OQT 1300 88 607 61 421 12 183
262 1040 OQT 400 113 779 87 600 33 262
180 1050 Hot-rolled 90 620 49 338 19 180
200 1050 Cold-drawn 100 690 84 579 15 200
192 1050 OQT 1300 96 662 61 421 10 192
321 1050 OQT 400 143 986 110 758 30 321
124 1117 Hot-rolled 65 448 40 276 10 124
138 1117 Cold-drawn 80 552 65 448 33 138
178 1117 WQT 350 89 614 50 345 20 178
176 1137 Hot-rolled 88 607 48 331 22 176
196 1137 Cold-drawn 98 676 82 565 15 196
174 1137 OQT 1300 87 600 60 414 10 174
352 1137 OQT 400 157 1083 136 938 28 352
188 1144 Hot-rolled 94 648 51 352 5 188
200 1144 Cold-drawn 100 690 90 621 15 200
200 1144 OQT 1300 96 662 68 469 10 200
277 1144 OQT 400 127 876 91 627 25 277
110 1213 Hot-rolled 55 379 33 228 16 110
150 1213 Cold-drawn 75 517 58 340 25 150
114 12L13 Hot-rolled 57 393 34 234 10 114
140 12L13 Cold-drawn 70 483 60 414 22 140
207 1340 Annealed 102 703 63 434 10 207
235 1340 OQT 1300 100 690 75 517 26 235
363 1340 OQT 1000 144 993 132 910 25 363
444 1340 OQT 700 221 1520 197 1360 17 444
578 1340 OQT 400 285 1960 234 1610 578
10
187 3140 Annealed 95 655 67 462 187
8
233 3140 OQT 1300 115 792 94 648 25 233
311 3140 OQT 1000 152 1050 133 920 23 311
461 3140 OQT 700 220 1520 200 1380 17 461
555 3140 OQT 400 280 1930 248 1710 555
13
156 4130 Annealed 81 558 52 359 156
11 28
202 4130 WQT 1300 98 676 89 614 202
302 4130 WQT 1000 143 986 132 910 28 302
415 4130 WQT 700 208 1430 180 1240 16 415
461 4130 WQT 400 234 1610 197 1360 461
13
197 4140 Annealed 95 655 54 372 197
12
235 4140 OQT 1300 117 807 100 690 26 235
341 4140 OQT 1000 168 1160 152 1050 23 341
461 4140 OQT 700 231 1590 212 1460 461
17
578 4140 OQT 400 290 2000 251 1730 578
13
197 4150 Annealed 106 731 55 379 197
11
262 4150 OQT 1300 127 880 116 800 20 262
401 4150 OQT 1000 197 1360 181 1250 20 401
495 4150 OQT 700 247 1700 229 1580 495
11
578 4150 OQT 400 300 2070 248 1710 578
10
217 4340 Annealed 108 745 68 469 217
10
280 4340 OQT 1300 140 965 120 827 280
22
363 4340 OQT 1000 171 1180 158 1090 363
23
461 4340 OQT 700 230 1590 206 1420 461
16
555 4340 OQT 400 283 1950 228 1570 555
12
167 5140 Annealed 83 572 42 290 167
11
207 5140 OQT 1300 104 717 83 572 207
29
302 5140 OQT 1000 145 1000 130 896 302
27
429 5140 OQT 700 220 1520 200 1380 429
18
534 5140 OQT 400 276 1900 226 1560 534
11
197 5150 Annealed 98 676 52 359 197
7
241 5150 OQT 1300 116 800 102 700 241
22
321 5150 OQT 1000 160 1100 149 1030 321
22
461 5150 OQT 700 240 1650 220 1520 461
15
601 5150 OQT 400 312 2150 250 1720 601
10
197 5160 Annealed 105 724 40 276 197
8
229 5160 OQT 1300 115 793 100 690 229
17
341 5160 OQT 1000 170 1170 151 1040 341
23
514 5160 OQT 700 263 1810 237 1630 514
14
627 5160 OQT 400 322 2220 260 1790 627
9
197 6150 Annealed 96 662 59 407 197
4
241 6150 OQT 1300 118 814 107 738 241
23
375 6150 OQT 1000 183 1260 173 1190 375
21
495 6150 OQT 700 247 1700 223 1540 495
12
601 6150 OQT 400 315 2170 270 1860 601
10
212 8650 Annealed 104 717 56 386 212
7
22
255 8650 OQT 1300 122 841 113 779 255
363 8650 OQT 1000 176 1210 155 1070 363
21
495 8650 OQT 700 240 1650 222 1530 495
14
555 8650 OQT 400 282 1940 250 1720 555
12
201 8740 Annealed 100 690 60 414 201
11
241 8740 OQT 1300 119 820 100 690 241
22
363 8740 OQT 1000 175 1210 167 1150 363
25
461 8740 OQT 700 228 1570 212 1460 461
15
578 8740 OQT 400 290 2000 240 1650 578
12
229 9255 Annealed 113 780 71 490 229
10
262 9255 Q&T 1300 130 896 102 703 262
22
352 9255 Q&T 1000 181 1250 160 1100 352
21
534 9255 Q&T 700 260 1790 240 1650 534
14
601 9255 Q&T 400 310 2140 287 1980 601
5
2
110
111
114
121
122
124
138
140 458.322508560735
144 444
150
156
160 1340 OQT 700
167
174
176
178
180
183
187
188
192
196
197
197
197
197
197
200
200
200
201
202
207
207
212
217
229
229
233
235
235
241
241
241
255
262
262
262
277
280
302
302
311
321
321
341
341
352
352
363
363
363
363
375
401
415
429
444
461
461
461
461
461
461
495
495
495
514
534
534
555
555
555
578
578
578
578
601
601
601
627
 No of loaded 400HB Case Carb 200 HB Nitrided 160HB
0 1 9.4518 6.1514 4.9404 3.517 2.3194
0.4 2.51188643 8.2473518592 5.5118065721172 4.487062 3.262063 2.207271
0.8 6.30957344 7.1963872161 4.9387150385984 4.075324 3.025606 2.100563
1.2 15.8489319 6.2793475831 4.4252108475405 3.701367 2.806289 1.999013
1.6 39.8107171 5.4791668215 3.9650983893875 3.361724 2.602869 1.902373
2 100 4.7809535403 3.5528262447113 3.053248 2.414195 1.810405
2.4 251.188643 4.1717139666 3.1834202043747 2.773078 2.239197 1.722882
2.8 630.957344 3.6401101312 2.8524232539394 2.518617 2.076885 1.639591
3.2 1584.89319 3.1762488688 2.5558417982123 2.287505 1.926337 1.560327
3.6 3981.07171 2.7714977056 2.2900974771074 2.077601 1.786703 1.484895
4 10000 2.4183242086 2.0519839914669 1.886957 1.65719 1.413109
4.4 25118.8643 2.1101558071 1.8386284179287 1.713808 1.537065 1.344794
4.8 63095.7344 1.8412574768 1.6474565460905 1.556547 1.425648 1.279781
5.2 158489.319 1.6066250105 1.4761618197514 1.413716 1.322307 1.217911
5.6 398107.171 1.4018918902 1.3226775074966 1.283991 1.226457 1.159033
6 1000000 1.2232480254 1.1851517668517 1.166171 1.137555 1.103
6.4 2511886.43 1.0673688479 1.0619253011492 1.059161 1.055097 1.049677
6.8 6309573.44 1.0260195348 1.026019534826 1.02602 1.02602 1.02602
7.2 15848931.9 1.0093356887 1.0093356887058 1.009336 1.009336 1.009336
7.6 39810717.1 0.9929231344 0.9929231344196 0.992923 0.992923 0.992923
8 100000000 0.9767774606 0.976777460559 0.976777 0.976777 0.976777
8.4 251188643 0.9608943274 0.9608943274485 0.960894 0.960894 0.960894
8.8 630957344 0.945269466 0.9452694659787 0.945269 0.945269 0.945269
9.2 1584893192 0.9298986765 0.9298986764594 0.929899 0.929899 0.929899
9.6 3981071706 0.9147778275 0.9147778274903 0.914778 0.914778 0.914778
10 1E+10 0.8999028549 0.8999028548509 0.899903 0.899903 0.899903

No of loaded 400HB Case Carb 200 HB Nitrided 160HB

1350000000 0.9325576488 0.9325576487786 0.932558 0.932558 0.932558

111000000 0.9749646749 0.9749646749117 0.974965 0.974965 0.974965

pinion Stress Cycle Factor
200 HB 1350000000 0.9325576487786
Gear Stress Cycle Factor
200 HB 111000000 0.9749646749117
 6

Chart Title
5
6

5 4

4
3
3

2 2

1
1
0
0 8 3 1 7 9 8 3 2 8 0 9 6 2 9 1 9 9 3 5 1
10 095 019 611 349 999 095 019 611 349 000 095 019 611 349 000 095 019 611 .53 000
5 8 4 5 9 5 8 4 5 0 5 8 4 5 0 5 8 .4 05 0. 0
431 444 192 705 999 431 444 192 705 10 431 444 .92 .05 0.0 3.1 4.4 92 17 00
86 73 93 71 99 .86 .73 9.3 7.1 6. 3. 31 17 00 64 34 31 07 00
. 18 .95 4.8 1.0 9.9 18 95 48 10 188 957 489 107 000 188 957 489 981 000
1 0 8 8 9 1 0 8 8 1 0 8 8 0 1 0 8 3 00
25 63 15 39 99 25 63 15 39 25 63 15 39 10 25 63 15 1

400HB Case Carb 200 HB Nitrided 160HB

0.971574
6

0
 Stress Cycle factor
No of loaded cycle General Nitrided
1 2.466 1.249 3
2.51188643150958 2.34203333505573 1.233225
6.30957344480193 2.22429851683386 1.21765
2.5
15.8489319246111 2.11248226826436 1.202271
39.8107170553497 2.00628706082291 1.187087
100 1.905430322846 1.172094 2
251.188643150958 1.8096436876445 1.157291
630.957344480193 1.71867227941469 1.142674
1.5
1584.89319246111 1.6322740350468 1.128242
3981.07170553497 1.55021906002658 1.113993
9999.99999999999 1.47228901671574 1.099923 1
25118.8643150958 1.3982765433839 1.086032
63095.7344480193 1.3279847024459 1.072315
158489.319246111 1.26122645643649 1.058772 0.5
398107.170553498 1.19782417032785 1.0454
1000000 1.1376091388659 1.032197
0
2511886.43150959 1.08042113766747 1.01916 1 58 93
509 801 461
6309573.44480196 1.02610799688404 1.006288 31 44 92
64 734 931 71
15848931.9246112 0.974525196297524 0.993579 8
18 95 48 10
39810717.0553499 0.96874268755994 0.968743 . 51 .30 5.8 9.8
2 6 1 3
100000000 0.948436888988668 0.948437
251188643.150959 0.928556719906952 0.928557
630957344.480197 0.909093258702488 0.909093
1584893192.46112 0.890037770768731 0.890038
3981071705.535 0.871381704585072 0.871382
10000000000.0001 0.853116687879177 0.853117
Pinion 20
No of loaded cycle General Nitrided 25
1350000000 0.893327617676567 0.934467
No of loaded cycle Z
General 1350000000 0.893328

Gear
No of loaded cycle General Nitrided
111000000 0.946163104510259 0.967246
No of loaded cycle Z
General 111000000 0.946163
 3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
1 58 93 11 98 100 958 193 111 497 999 958 193 112 498 000 959 196 112 499 001 959 199 113 535 001
509 801 461 534 0 0 6 3 9 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 6 5. .0
31 44 92 05 3 15 448 924 055 999 315 448 924 055 100 315 448 924 055 .00 .15 .48 2.4 70 00
4 4 1 7 4 4 1 7 9 4 4 1 7 .4 .4 1. 7. 00 4 3 4 4 19 71 00
86 73 93 71 6 3
88 57 89 07 99
3 1 9 86 73
. . 9.
3
7.
1
86 73 93 71 00 86 73 93 10 00
118 095 848 810 .1 0.9 84. 81. 99. 118 095 848 810 18 095 848 810 000 118 095 848 398 000
5 3 . . 1 1
2. 6. 15 39 25 63 15 39 99 25 63 15 39 25 63 15 39 10 25 63 15 10

General Nitrided
9 13 35 01
461 5.5 .00
. 0 0
92 717 000
0 0
81 00
39 000
1
 Av6 Av7 Av8 Av9 Av10 Av11 Av 12
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
500 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.19 1.24 1.3 1.37
1000 1.08 1.14 1.2 1.25 1.34 1.42 1.51
2000 1.1 1.19 1.27 1.36 1.45 1.58 1.73
3000 1.12 1.22 1.32 1.43 1.56 1.71 1.89
4000 1.143 1.25 1.37 1.5 1.7 1.85
5000 1.16 1.275 1.4 1.545
6000 1.17 1.29 1.43 1.6
7000 1.18 1.31
8000 1.185 1.32
9000 1.19 1.33
10000 1.2 1.335

Interpolation
900 1.074 1.132 1.19 1.238 1.32 1.396 1.482
 2
Chart Title
1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Av6 Av7 Av8 Av9 Av10 Av11

t Title

6000 8000 10000 12000

Av9 Av10 Av11 Av 12

No of teeth in pinion No of teeth in gear
1 17 25 35 50 85
1 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21
12 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21
15 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
17 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
20 0.24 0.31 0.317 0.324 0.331 0.338
24 0.25 0.33 0.338 0.346 0.354 0.362
30 0.26 0.355 0.364 0.373 0.382 0.391
35 0.27 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.41
40 0.275 0.378 0.389 0.4 0.411 0.422
45 0.278 0.385 0.397 0.409 0.421 0.433
50 0.28 0.39 0.403 0.416 0.429 0.442
60 0.285 0.4 0.414 0.428 0.442 0.456
80 0.292 0.41 0.425 0.44 0.455 0.47
125 0.3 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494
275 0.308 0.44 0.457 0.474 0.491 0.508
No of teeth in pinion
17 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
17 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
20 0.24 0.31 0.317 0.324 0.331 0.338

No of teeth in gear
206.756756756757
170 0.29
1000 0.29

1 0.23
17 0.29
25 0.29
35 0.29
50 0.29
85 0.29
170 0.29
1000 0.29
Geometric Factor, Jg
0.29
No of teeth in pinion
206.756756756757 0.30436036036036 0.43545 0.451995 0.468541 0.485086 0.501631
125 0.3 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494
275 0.308 0.44 0.457 0.474 0.491 0.508

No of teeth in gear
17
17 0.43545045045045
25 0.451995495495495

1 0.30436036036036
17 0.43545045045045
25 0.451995495495495
35 0.468540540540541
50 0.485085585585586
85 0.501630630630631
170 0.518175675675676
1000 0.534720720720721
Geometric Factor, Jp
0.43545045045045
 For pressure angle 20
170 1000
0.21 0.21
0.21 0.21
0.25 0.25
0.29 0.29 Chart Title
0.345 0.352
0.6
0.37 0.378
0.4 0.409
0.42 0.43 0.5
0.433 0.444
0.445 0.457
0.4
0.455 0.468
0.47 0.484
0.485 0.5 0.3

0.51 0.526
0.525 0.542
0.2

0.29 0.29
0.29 0.29 0.1

0.345 0.352
0
0 50 100 150 200 250

1 17 25 35 50
85 170 1000 start
0.518176 0.534721
0.51 0.526
0.525 0.542
e

200 250 300

35 50
start
No of teeth in pinion No of teeth in gear
1 17 25 35 50 85 170 1000
1 0.27 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.34 0.345 0.35
12 0.27 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.335 0.34 0.345 0.35
15 0.28 0.34 0.345 0.35 0.355 0.36 0.365 0.37
17 0.293 0.36 0.366 0.372 0.378 0.384 0.39 0.396
20 0.308 0.38 0.386 0.392 0.398 0.404 0.41 0.416
24 0.32 0.41 0.417 0.424 0.431 0.438 0.445 0.452
30 0.33 0.43 0.437 0.444 0.451 0.458 0.465 0.472
35 0.34 0.448 0.456 0.464 0.472 0.48 0.488 0.496
40 0.348 0.465 0.473 0.481 0.489 0.497 0.505 0.513
45 0.351 0.468 0.477 0.486 0.495 0.504 0.513 0.522
50 0.353 0.472 0.481 0.49 0.499 0.508 0.517 0.526
60 0.36 0.483 0.493 0.503 0.513 0.523 0.533 0.543
80 0.368 0.5 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56
125 0.379 0.518 0.529 0.54 0.551 0.562 0.573 0.584
275 0.384 0.53 0.541 0.552 0.563 0.574 0.585 0.596
No of teeth in pinion
17 0.293 0.36 0.366 0.372 0.378 0.384 0.39 0.396
17 0.293 0.36 0.366 0.372 0.378 0.384 0.39 0.396
20 0.308 0.38 0.386 0.392 0.398 0.404 0.41 0.416

No of teeth in gear
206.756756756757
Geometric Factor, Jg
0.390265711494627

No of teeth in pinion
206.756756756757 0.381725 0.524541 0.535541 0.546541 0.557541 0.568541 0.579541 0.590541
125 0.379 0.518 0.529 0.54 0.551 0.562 0.573 0.584
275 0.384 0.53 0.541 0.552 0.563 0.574 0.585 0.596

No of teeth in gear
17
17 0.524541
25 0.535541

1 0.381725
17 0.524541
25 0.535541
35 0.546541
50 0.557541
 85 0.568541
170 0.579541
1000 0.590541
Geometric Factor, Jp
0.524540540540541
For pressure angle 26

Chart Title
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

1 17 25 35 50 85 170 1000
250 300

1000
G100160
A-20 Table
UNS No AISI No Process Sut Sy Elongation Reduction Brinell Hardness
1006 HR 300 (43) 170 (24) 30 55 86
CD 330 (48) 280 (41) 20 45 95
G10100
1010 HR 320 (47) 180 (26) 28 50 95
CD 370 (53) 300 (44) 20 40 105
G10150
1015 HR 340(50) 190(27.5) 28 50 101
CD 390(56) 320(47) 18 40 111
G10180
G10180 1018 HR 400() 220() 25 50 116
CD 440() 370() 15 40 126
G10200 1020 HR 380() 210() 25 50 111
CD 470() 390() 15 40 131
G10300 1030 HR 470() 260() 20 42 137
CD 520() 440() 12 35 149
G10350 1035 HR 500() 270() 18 40 143
CD 550() 460() 12 35 163
G10400 1040 HR 520() 290() 18 40 149
CD 590() 490() 12 35 170
G10450 1045 HR 570() 310() 16 40 163
CD 630() 530() 12 35 179
G10500 1050 HR 620() 340() 15 35 179
CD 690() 580() 10 30 197
G10600 1060 HR 680() 370() 12 30 201
G10800 1080 HR 770() 420() 10 25 229
G10950 1095 HR 830() 460() 10 25 248