Cambridge IGCSE™

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/42

Paper 4 Theory October/November 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 120

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 13 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

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Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a ´ 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and
10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) (difference =) 3.2–2.2 or 1.0 ; 2

((difference / 3.2)  100) = 31 (%) ;

1(a)(ii) any three from: 3

discovery of routes of transmission ;

(increased) use of (named) barrier contraception / abstinence ;
screening of blood transfusions ;
ref to reduced drug use / use of clean needles ;
monitoring/testing/screening, (of HIV) ; 
ref to education / awareness ;
any valid point ;

1(b)(i) phagocytosis ; 2
antibody production ;

1(b)(ii) any two from: 2

red blood cells ;
platelets ;
plasma ;

1(c) placenta ; 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) (element C) has 3 electrons in the outer shell ; 1

2(a)(ii) E; 1

2(a)(iii) 2.8.5 ; 1

2(a)(iv) D; 1

2(a)(v) (Element A) has a fu ll outer shell ; 1

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Question Answer Marks

2(a)(vi) 2

B D

;;

2(a)(vii) regular / alternating, arrangement ; 2

of positive and negative ions ;

2(b) 2
relative charge relative mass

proton +1 1

neutron 0 / no charge / neutral ; 1;

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) constant speed ; 3

stationary ;
use of data to identify change at 50 s or 200 m ;

3(a)(ii) (v =) 200 / 50 or 80 / 20 = (4 m / s) ; 1

3(a)(iii) (KE =) ½ mv2 or ½  100  42 ; 2

(KE =) 800 (J) ;

3(b) (M =) f  d or 600  40 or 24000 (Ncm) ; 3

(F =) 24000 / 100 ;
(F =) 240 (N) ;

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Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) B; 1

4(a)(ii) variation / AW ; 4
die ;
alleles ;
resistance ;

4(b) evolution linked to: 2

increases suitability to the environment ;
is a change of adaptive features ;

4(c)(i) change in the gene / chromosome ; 1

4(c)(ii) ionising ; 1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) (distance travelled by substance =) 4.5 ; 2

(Rf = 4.5  5.0 =) 0.90 ;

5(b) (distance moved by D) = Rf  distance moved by solvent or 0.56  5.0 ; 2

(distance moved by D) = 2.8 (cm) ;

5(c) A; 1

5(d) V and Y; 2

idea that pure substances, have a specific melting point / do not melt over a range (of temperatures) / ORA ;

5(e) moles = 4.8 ÷ 192 or 0.025 ; 3

conversion of cm³ to dm³ / 250 cm³ = 0.25 dm³ ;
concentration = 0.025 ÷ 0.25 = 0.10 (mol / dm³) ;

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Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) (I =) 0.08 A ; 3
(R =) V / I or 2000 / 0.08 ;
(R =) 25000 (Ω) ;

6(a)(ii) use of 1 / RT =1 / R + 1 / R ; 2

(R =) 50000 (Ω) ;

6(a)(iii) (resistance) doubles ; 1

6(b)(i) rarefaction and compressions ; 1

6(b)(ii) (d =) v  t or 167.5 ; 2
(d =) 120 (m) ;

6(c) black will show the higher temperature / ORA ; 2

black emits more (infrared) radiation than white ;

Question Answer Marks

7(a) offspring circled ; 2

time circled ;

7(b)(i) C; 1

7(b)(ii) 0.75 (kg) ; 1

7(c)(i) surface producers block light ; 2

so no photosynthesis ;

7(c)(ii) ref to decomposition of producers / AW ; 3

ref to (aerobic) respiration of decomposers ;
reduction in (dissolved) oxygen ;

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Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) any pH below 7 ; 1

8(a)(ii) (red litmus paper turns) blue ; 1

8(a)(iii) H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O ; 2

8(b) (an acid is) a proton donor / owtte ; 1

88(c) (relative molecular mass of H2SO4 =)98 ; 2

(concentration = 0.2  98 =) 19.6 (g / dm3) ;

8(d)(i) 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 ; 2

8(d)(ii) temperature 450 °C ; 2

vanadium(V) oxide / V2O5 / catalyst ;

Question Answer Marks

9(a) (advantage) 2
high energy density / fast start up of power stations / abundant / easily available / easy to transport or store / reliable / easily
combustible / AVP ;

(disadvantage)
releases CO2 / causes global warming / climate change / finite or non-renewable resource / releases SO2 / causes acid
rain / pollution from particulates / AVP ;

9(b)(i) (forces) stronger in liquid / ORA ; 3

(distance) closer in liquid / ORA ;
(motion) molecules are freer to move in gas / ORA ;

9(b)(ii) increases 2
decreases ;
decreases
increases ;

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Question Answer Marks

9(c)(i) use of Vp / Vs = Np / Ns ; 2

2400 ;

9(c)(ii) reduces current ; 2

reduces, power or energy losses / less heat generated ;

Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) B; 4
B;
A;
D;

10(a)(ii) circle drawn round the vascular bundle ; 1

10(b)(i) amino acids ; 2

sucrose ;

10(b)(ii) sink 2
source
sink
;;
1 correct = 0
2 correct = 1
3 correct = 2

10(c)(i) CO2 ; 1

10(c)(ii) any two from: 2

large surface area ;

thin (surface) ;
good blood supply ;
good ventilation with air ;

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Question Answer Marks

11(a) 1

11(b) any two from: 2

same general formula / have formula C2H2 ;

similar chemical properties ;
contain (at least one) double bond ;

11(c) 1

11(d) 2

mark for single bond between carbon atoms ;

mark for rest of structure correct ;

11(e) addition polymerisation requires one monomer / condensation 2

polymerisation requires two monomers ;

addition polymerisation produces a polymer only / condensation

polymerisation produces a polymer molecule and a small
molecule ;
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Question Answer Marks

12(a)(i) α-particles cannot penetrate the lead ; 2

(only recording) background radiation ;

12(a)(ii) gamma is more penetrating (than alpha) ; 1

12(b)(i) 2

correct angle of reflection ;

correct arrow direction ;

12(b)(ii) (transfers energy through) oscillations / vibrations ; 2

oscillations are perpendicular to direction of energy transfer ;

12(b)(iii) (λ =) v / f or 3.0  108/5.0  1014 ; 2

(λ =) 6.0  10-7 (m) ;

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