Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 386 views

    Critical State Soil Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Jinyang Fu
    The document discusses critical state soil mechanics and how it can be used to model soil behavior and failure conditions. Some key points: 1) Critical state soil mechanics provides models that account for elasticity, plasticity, dilatancy, and the existence of a critical state line. These models can be used as the basis for numerical analysis and design. 2) The critical state is defined by the critical state line in p'-q and p'-V space, where q=Mp' and V=Γ-λln(p'). 3) The behavior of drained and undrained triaxial tests can be predicted using the critical state parameters and by determining where the test path intersects the critical state

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Critical State Soil Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Jinyang Fu
    386 views12 pages
    The document discusses critical state soil mechanics and how it can be used to model soil behavior and failure conditions. Some key points: 1) Critical state soil mechanics provides models that account for elasticity, plasticity, dilatancy, and the existence of a critical state line. These models can be used as the basis for numerical analysis and design. 2) The critical state is defined by the critical state line in p'-q and p'-V space, where q=Mp' and V=Γ-λln(p'). 3) The behavior of drained and undrained triaxial tests can be predicted using the critical state parameters and by determining where the test path intersects the critical state

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses critical state soil mechanics and how it can be used to model soil behavior and failure conditions. Some key points: 1) Critical state soil mechanics provides models that account for elasticity, plasticity, dilatancy, and the existence of a critical state line. These models can be used as the basis for numerical analysis and design. 2) The critical state is defined by the critical state line in p'-q and p'-V space, where q=Mp' and V=Γ-λln(p'). 3) The behavior of drained and undrained triaxial tests can be predicted using the critical state parameters and by determining where the test path intersects the critical state

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    386 views12 pages

    Critical State Soil Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Jinyang Fu
    The document discusses critical state soil mechanics and how it can be used to model soil behavior and failure conditions. Some key points: 1) Critical state soil mechanics provides models that account for elasticity, plasticity, dilatancy, and the existence of a critical state line. These models can be used as the basis for numerical analysis and design. 2) The critical state is defined by the critical state line in p'-q and p'-V space, where q=Mp' and V=Γ-λln(p'). 3) The behavior of drained and undrained triaxial tests can be predicted using the critical state parameters and by determining where the test path intersects the critical state

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    The

    CRISP

    Consortium

    Critical State Soil Mechanics

    Original notes by Professor Mike Gunn, South Bank University, London, UK Produced by the CRISP Consortium Ltd

    SOIL MODELLING
    model assumed relationship between stress and strain for a soil.

    Underlying conventional design calculations in geotechnical engineering are different soil models based on concepts of elasticity and plasticity. Underlying most methods of calculating ground movements is the assumption of a linear elastic soil model.

    E = Youngs modulus = Poissons ratio Drained E, Undrained Eu, u

    Underlying most stability calculations is a soil model which assumes rigid, perfectly plastic behaviour.

    Strength parameters: Drained c, Undrained cu

    CRITICAL STATE SOIL MECHANICS


    CSSM provides soil models which include: elastic strains and plastic yielding before failure dilatancy (volumetric contraction or expansion on shearing) existence of critical states provides soil models which can be used as the basis of numerical predictions (using finite elements) provides the basis for reviewing data from soil tests and selecting strength and stiffness parameters for design

    CRITICAL STATE PARAMETERS


    3 parameters are used to describe the (changing) state of a soil sample in a triaxial test. These are : Effective mean stress, Deviatoric stress Specific volume p, q, V

    Total stresses a, r

    Effective stresses a = a - u r = r u

    p' =

    a + 2 r ' 3
    q = a - r

    a + 2 r u 3

    = p-u = a - r

    V - the specific volume = 1 + e

    Relationship Between Specific Volume and Other Measures of Soil Density

    Ratio of volumes

    Ratio of weights Weights Vww VsGsw w 1

    Water Solid

    Volumes Vw Vs

    e 1

    e w w Gs

    is void ratio is moisture content is unit weight of water is specific gravity of solid phase

    V = 1 + e = specific volume = volume containing unit volume of solid material.

    Now

    e =

    Vw Vs

    and w =

    Vw w e = Vs Gs w Gs

    So e = Gs. w and V = 1 + e = 1 + Gs w bulk unit weight of soil,

    Vw w + Vs Gs w e = Vw + Vs Gs

    (e

    + Gs ) w e + 1

    (often called bulk density, although units are force / volume, not mass / volume.)

    Observed Volume - Pressure Relations (isotropic compression)

    ZERO

    V = N - ln p V = V - ln p

    isotropic NCL swelling and recompression

    THE CRITICAL STATE LINE (CSL)


    If a soil is continually sheared then it will eventually reach a critical state in which further shear strains can occur with no changes in effective stresses or volume.

    When a soil is at the critical state:

    q = Mp

    V = - lnp

    M and are constants for a particular soil.

    Conventionally the CSL is shown as a pair of lines (really it is just one line).

    Summary , , , , are soil constants p, q, V (and V) vary during a test.

    Prediction of Final States of Triaxial Tests using Critical State Theory


    (a) establish starting point in (p, q) and (p, v) diagrams

    (b)

    establish test path in one of these diagrams: (p, q) for drained test (p, v) for undrained test

    (c)

    calculate intersection point of test path and critical state line failure condition

    (a)

    STARTING POINTS

    An over-consolidated sample is prepared by drained isotropic compression to point A and then drained unloading to point B.

    Vc V V

    = = =

    N - ln pc Vc + ln pc Vo + ln po

    (1) (2) (3)

    Eliminate V, Vc from (1), (2), (3): Vo = N - ln pc + ln

    pc ' po '

    (b)

    TEST PATHS
    Initial State During Test

    The total stress path is always controlled by the way in which the soil sample is loaded.

    p = po

    p = po + A + 2B

    3
    q = 0 q = A-B

    A and B have differing relative magnitudes according to type of test.

    TEST PATHS (contd.)

    Compression Tests

    TEST PATH IN A DRAINED TEST

    Extension Tests

    The pore pressure is zero (i.e. atmospheric pressure) or held at a constant back pressure, say uo.

    So the effective stress path (ESP) is parallel to the total stress path (TSP), or coincident with (when uo = 0).

    TEST PATH IN AN UNDRAINED TEST


    In an undrained test there is no change in volume, so the test path is horizontal in the (p, V) diagram.

    WORKED EXAMPLE
    Two identical samples of clay are isotropically normally compressed to an all round effective pressure of 100 kPa and are then allowed to swell back to an effective isotropic pressure of 50 kPa. The first sample is then subjected to a standard drained compression test. What is the deviator stress at failure and what is the volumetric strain experienced by the sample at failure? The second sample is subjected to a standard undrained compression test. What are the deviator stress and pore pressure at failure, if there is initially a back pressure of 50 kPa?

    Assume that the soil has the following critical state properties: = 0.95, = 0.093, = 0.035, = 2.06 and = 2.118

    (a)

    Sample preparation

    VA V V VB =

    = = = 2.118 (N)

    N - ln 100 VA + ln 700 VB + ln 50 -0.093 ln 100 + ln 2 () (0.035)

    (1) (2) (3)

    (b)

    Drained test

    Drained effective stress path (ESP) is CSL q = - 150 + 3p q = 0.95 p (4) (5)

    At end of test (point F): (4) - (5)

    pF ' =

    150 = 73.2 2.05

    q F = 0.95 x 73.2 = 69.5 kPa (deviator stress)


    VF = = = - ln 73.2 2.06 - 0.93 ln 73.2 1.661

    10

    Vol strain

    1.714 1661 = 3.1% 1.714

    (c)
    VB

    Undrained test
    = 1.714 (same as drained) at start.

    Undrained so VF = VB also VF = - ln pf

    1.714 = 2.06 - 0.093 ln pF

    2.06 - 1.714 ln p F = 0.093

    From Britto and Gunn (1987)

    11

    The critical state line in (a) (p, q) plot and (b) (p, V) plot (isotropic normal compression line is shown dashed in (b)).
    q p' = 0; = 0; =0

    The critical state line in (p, V, q) space is given by the intersection of two planes: q = Mp and a curved vertical plane V = - ln (p).

    12

    You might also like