Project Report

On

IOT BASED MANHOLE DETECTION AND

MONITORING SYSTEM
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
HIMANSHU SHRIWAS 18311A04T0
JAWALKAR BHARANI KUMAR 18311A04T2
KOKKULA SHASHANK 18311A04U1

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr.T.Ramaswamy,
Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)
Yamnampet (V), Ghatkesar (M), Hyderabad – 501301.
June 2022
 SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad)

Yamnampet (V), Ghatkesar (M), Hyderabad – 501301

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “IOT BASED MANHOLE

DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM” is being submitted by

HIMANSHU SHRIWAS 18311A04T0
JAWALKAR BHARANI KUMAR 18311A04T2
KOKKULA SHASHANK 18311A04U1
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of
Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering to
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology affiliated to Jawaharlal
Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad (Telangana). This record is a
bona fide work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision. The
results embodied in the report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

Name of Internal Guide Name of Project Co-ordinator

Dr. T Ramaswamy Dr. Shruti Bhargava Choubey
Associate Professor Associate Professor

Head of the Department

Dr. S.P.V. SUBBA RAO
Professor, Department of ECE

Signature of the External Examiner

 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work described in this thesis titled “IOT BASED
MANHOLE DETECTION AND MONITIORING SYSTEM” which is being
submitted by us in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology
in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Sreenidhi Institute Of Science and Technology is the result of inventigations
carried out by us under the guidance of Dr. T. Ramaswamy, Associate
Professor, Department of ECE, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and
Technology, Hyderabad.

No part of the thesis is copied from books/ journals/ internet and whenever
the portion is taken, the same had been duly referred. The report is based on
the project work done entirely by us and not copied from any other source.
The work is original and has not been submitted for any Degree/Diploma of
this or any other university.
Place: Hyderabad
Date:

HIMANSHU SHRIWAS 18311A04T0

JAWALKAR BHARANI KUMAR 18311A04T2
KOKKULA SHASHANK 18311A04U1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We hereby declare that the work described in the project report, entitled “IOT

BASED MANHOLE DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM”

which is being submitted by us in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of
Technology in the Dept. Of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Sreenidhi
Institute of Science and Technology affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad (Telangana) is the work on our own
effort and has not been submitted elsewhere.
We are very thankful to Dr. T. RAMA SWAMY, ECE Dep., Sreenidhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar for providing the necessary guidance
to this group project and giving valuable timely suggestions over the work.

We are very thankful to Dr. SHRUTI BHARGAVA CHOUBEY, ECE Dep.,

Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar for providing an
initiative to this group project and giving valuable timely suggestions over the
work.
We convey our sincere thanks to Dr. S.P.V. SUBBA RAO, Head of the
Department (ECE), Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar,
for his kind cooperation in the completion of this work.

We even convey our sincere thanks to Dr.CHAKKALAKAL TOMY, Executive

Director and Dr.M.SHIVA REDDY, Principal, Sreenidhi Institute of Science
and Technology, Ghatkesar for their kind cooperation in the completion of the
group project.

Finally, we extend our sense of gratitude to all our friends, teaching and non-
teaching faculty, who directly or indirectly helped us in this endeavour.

Place: Hyderabad
Date:

HIMANSHU SHRIWAS 18311A04T0

JAWALKAR BHARANI KUMAR 18311A04T2

KOKKULA SHASHANK 18311A04U1

 ABSTRACT
The sewage system must be monitored in order to maintain the city clean. Uneven sewage
system monitoring causes drainage to become clogged. Blockages in the sewer system are a
major source of sewer flooding and pollution. Workers may be involved in an accident as a
result of their ignorance of the situation inside the manhole. To get the necessary output from
the module, this model uses a regulator circuit, sensor driver circuit, microcontroller, serial
communication devices, and IoT module. Overflowing drains in the sewage system are one of
the most prevalent difficulties identified, which become more severe during the monsoon
seasons when the authorities are ignorant of the overflowing drains. It is unsanitary for the
adjacent residents and creates waterlogging, which leads to bug breeding. Our answer to this
problem is an IoT system that warns municipal officials about overflowing drains immediately
by email or notification at the city control centre, as well as citizens via social media or a mobile
app. The essential component of this system is a low-power IoT-based portable gadget that is
mounted below the manhole cover.
 Contents

Acknowledgments
Abstract

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction of the project 1

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 10

2.1 Related work 10

CHAPTER 3. INTRODUCTION ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 12

3.1 Introduction Of Embedded System 12

3.2. Overview Of Embedded System 13

3.3 Central Processing Unit (Cpu) 14

3.4 Memory 14

3.5 Input Devices 15

3.6 Output Devices 15

3.7 Communication Interfaces 15

3.8 Application-Specific Circuitry 15

CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF HARDWARE 16

4.1. Arduino Uno 16

4.1.1 Uart (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) 22

4.1.2 Max232 Ic 23

4.1.3 Code 24
4.2. Power Supply 28

4.2.1. Transformer 29

4.2.2. Rectifier 30
4.2.3. Filter 30
4.2.4. Voltage Regulator 30
4.3 Lcd Display 31

4.3.1. Pins Functions 31

4.3.2. Lcd Screen 33

CHAPTER 5: DESIGN OF SOFTWARE 53

5.1. Introduction To Arduino Ide 53

5.2. Software Steps 53

CHAPTER 6: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 57

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 59

REFERENCES 60

Enclosed Plagiarism Report

 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig: 3.1Building blocks of the hardware of an embedded system. 19

Fig:4.1 Arduino Uno 22

Fig: 4.2 Pin diagram of MAX232 IC 29

Fig:4.3 Schematic Diagram of Power Supply 34

Fig: 4.4 Bridge Rectifier 35

Fig: 4.5 LCD 36

Fig: 4.7 LCD Screen Circuit Diagram 38

Fig: 4.8 ESP-01 wireframe 42

Fig 4.9 Ai-Thinker ESP8266 modules (ESP-12F, black colour) soldered to breakout boards
(white colour) 46

Fig: 4.10 working of water level sensor work. 52

Fig: 4.11 Optical water level sensor. 55

Fig: 4.12 Capacitance liquid level sensor. 55

Fig: 4.13 Tuning fork level sensor. 56

Fig: 4.14 Diaphragm liquid level sensor. 57

Fig: 4.15 Float water level sensor. 58

Fig:4.16 Ultrasonic liquid level sensor. 59

Fig: 4.17 Radar level gauge 60

LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Pin Description 28

Table 4.2 LCD Pin Functions 38

Table: 4.3 Basic Commands of LCD 39

Table: 4.4 ESP8266-based modules 45

Table: 4.5 Ai-Thinker ESP8266 modules 50