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    Worksheet 17

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    JunLi Cai
    This document contains a 17 question worksheet about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. Some key points covered include: - The number of beta particles emitted in the decay of an unknown nuclide to lead is asked. - The proton number and nucleon number of a uranium isotope after emitting 5 alpha particles and 2 beta particles is asked. - The maximum range of an alpha particle in air and properties of gamma radiation are discussed. - Nuclear decay equations for polonium and strontium are written. - Scattering experiments with gold foil and alpha particles are described to show the small size of atomic nuclei. - Distinctions are made between random and spontaneous decay and how temperature affects decay versus water evaporation

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Worksheet 17

    Uploaded by

    JunLi Cai
    24 views2 pages
    This document contains a 17 question worksheet about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. Some key points covered include: - The number of beta particles emitted in the decay of an unknown nuclide to lead is asked. - The proton number and nucleon number of a uranium isotope after emitting 5 alpha particles and 2 beta particles is asked. - The maximum range of an alpha particle in air and properties of gamma radiation are discussed. - Nuclear decay equations for polonium and strontium are written. - Scattering experiments with gold foil and alpha particles are described to show the small size of atomic nuclei. - Distinctions are made between random and spontaneous decay and how temperature affects decay versus water evaporation

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    This document contains a 17 question worksheet about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. Some key points covered include: - The number of beta particles emitted in the decay of an unknown nuclide to lead is asked. - The proton number and nucleon number of a uranium isotope after emitting 5 alpha particles and 2 beta particles is asked. - The maximum range of an alpha particle in air and properties of gamma radiation are discussed. - Nuclear decay equations for polonium and strontium are written. - Scattering experiments with gold foil and alpha particles are described to show the small size of atomic nuclei. - Distinctions are made between random and spontaneous decay and how temperature affects decay versus water evaporation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    24 views2 pages

    Worksheet 17

    Uploaded by

    JunLi Cai
    This document contains a 17 question worksheet about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. Some key points covered include: - The number of beta particles emitted in the decay of an unknown nuclide to lead is asked. - The proton number and nucleon number of a uranium isotope after emitting 5 alpha particles and 2 beta particles is asked. - The maximum range of an alpha particle in air and properties of gamma radiation are discussed. - Nuclear decay equations for polonium and strontium are written. - Scattering experiments with gold foil and alpha particles are described to show the small size of atomic nuclei. - Distinctions are made between random and spontaneous decay and how temperature affects decay versus water evaporation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    17 Worksheet (AS)

    206
    1 The nuclide decays by emitting α-particles and β-particles in a series of decays to form 82

    Pb. Eight α-particles are emitted in the sequence. How many β-particles are emitted? [1]
    A 6
    B 8
    C 10
    D 12
    2 An isotope of uranium, with proton number 92 and nucleon number 235, emits a series of
    -particles and β-particles. What is the proton number and nucleon number after five
    -particles and two β-particles are emitted? [1]

    Proton number Nucleon number


    A 80 215
    B 82 213
    C 84 215
    D 86 226
    3 What can be assumed to be the maximum range of an -particle in air? [1]
    A a few millimetres
    B a few centimetres
    C a few metres
    D a few kilometres
    4 In an α-particle scattering experiment a very thin gold film is bombarded with α-particles.
    What is observed? [1]
    A A few α-particles are deflected through an angle greater than 90º.
    B Most α-particles are deflected through angles greater than 90º.
    C No α-particle continues on its original path.
    D No α-particle is deflected through an angle greater than 90º.
    5 What can be concluded about a gold nucleus when α-particles are scattered by a thin gold foil? [1]
    A The nucleus contains protons.
    B The nucleus contains neutrons.
    C The nucleus is much smaller than the size of the atom.
    D The nucleus is surrounded by electrons.
    6 a Give the name of each of the following ionising radiations:
    i [1]
    ii [1]
    iii γ [1]
    b Which radiation is the most ionising? [1]
    c What is wrong with the statement below written by a student in his notes?
    Beta-particles emitted from a radioactive material are electrons that have been ejected
    from their orbits around the atoms. [1]
     7 State two of the properties of γ-radiation. [2]

    AS and A Level Physics Original material © Cambridge University Press 2010 1


    17 Worksheet (AS)

     8 a In each case below, write a nuclear decay equation.


    i The polonium isotope emits an α-particle and changes into an isotope of
    lead (Pb). [2]
    ii The strontium isotope emits a β-particle and changes into an isotope of
    yttrium (Y). [2]
    b Explain why the nucleon number in your answer to a ii does not change. [2]

     9 During the transformation of the thorium isotope into an isotope of radon (Rn),
    a total of three α-particles and two β-particles are emitted. Determine the nucleon number
    and proton number of the isotope of radon. [4]
    10 In an α-particle scattering experiment, α-particles are fired towards a thin gold foil.
    a The diagram shows three α-particles approaching a gold nucleus in the foil.
    i Copy the diagram and on your copy complete the paths of the α-particles. [3]

     gold
    nucleus

    ii Add to your diagram a dotted line to show the path taken by slower α-particles
    travelling initially along each of the same three lines. Label each of these dotted lines
    ‘slow’. [2]
    iii Explain why the α-particle comes closer to the gold nucleus when the α-particle is
    initially faster. [2]
    b Explain why this scattering experiment leads to the conclusion that an atom is mainly
    composed of empty space, with a very small nucleus. [2]
    c Suggest an approximate value for:
    i the diameter of a gold nucleus
    ii the diameter of a gold atom. [2]
    11 a Distinguish between the random and the spontaneous nature of radioactive decay. [4]
    b Explain why the evaporation of water molecules from water is faster at higher temperatures
    but the emission of radioactive particles is unchanged as the temperature is raised. [2]
    c List α, β and γ-radiation, of similar energy, in ascending order of:
    i ionising ability (ion pairs created per mm in air) [1]
    ii range in air [1]
    iii mass [1]
    iv speed. [1]

    Total: Score: %

    AS and A Level Physics Original material © Cambridge University Press 2010 2

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