Universiti Teknologi Brunei B.

Eng

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area

EE4203 POWER SYSTEM 1

Laboratory Assignment 1

Introduction to PowerWorld Simulator, Per Unit Calculations, and Impedance Diagram

The objectives of this laboratory are to enable students to

 familiarise modern power system simulation software “PowerWorld Simulator” for power
system analysis
 model power system networks using „PowerWorld Simulator‟, which includes generators,
power transformers, transmission lines and loads
 convert the actual system parameters into per unit quantities which include generator,
generator transformer step-up and step-down transformers and transmission line.
 convert the single-line diagram into the impedance diagram of the power network.

Network Configuration

Local
Generator
Local Generator
Step-up Transformer
Transformer
Step-down Transformer

Load
Hydro
Transmission Lines Generator
bus

Figure 1

Part 1: Introduction to PowerWorld Simulator Version 8.0

PowerWorld Simulator is a power system simulation package which is designed for power system
engineering analysis and it is user-friendly and highly interactive. The simulator is actually a number
of integrated products. At its core is a comprehensive, robust Power Flow Solution engine capable of
efficiently solving systems of up to 60,000 buses. This makes Simulator quite useful as a stand-alone
power flow analysis package.

Simulator allows the user to visualize the system through the use of full-color animated oneline
diagrams with full zooming and panning capability. Moreover, system models may be modified on the
fly or even built from scratch using Simulator‟s full-featured graphical case editor. Transmission lines
may be switched in or out of service, new transmission or generation may be added, and new
transactions may be established, all with a few mouse clicks. Simulator‟s extensive use of graphics and
animation greatly increases the user‟s understanding of system characteristics, problems, and
constraints, as well as of how to remedy them.

You can download the demo version of the software from PowerWorld web site,

http://www.powerworld.com

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Getting Started with PowerWorld Simulator Version 8.0 Simulation Package

1. Run the PowerWorld Simulator software or double  click on to start the software. You
will see the PowerWorld window of Figure 2.

Figure 2

2. Under this window, then on the top left corner, left  click on File button and subsequently
selects New Case or alternatively presses Ctrl+N. The new case environment is displayed as
shown in Figure 3. With is new case environment we are ready to draw a single-line diagram
of a simple power network of Figure 1.

Figure 3

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3. To view power system components such as transformer, generator, bus, load etc which are
available in this software package, left  click Insert button on the menu and a palette is
shown in Figure 4.

Equipment Palette

Figure 4

5. Now, let us draw the single-line diagram of Figure 1. Notice that from the figure there are 5
buses (or nodes), 3 transformers and 2 generators. Let us first begin to draw the 5 buses on
the new case environment (the white area). Now from the Insert button, select Bus form the
equipment palette, and you will see a cross hair as the cursor is moved toward to the white
area.

Cross hair

Figure 5

Let us begin to draw BUS 1 by placing the cross hair on the right hand side of the white area and then
applies left click. You will see a Bus Options menu pops up as shown in Figure 6. Follows step
5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 of Figure 6 and leaves the rest of the entries unchanged.

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5.1 Type in BUS 1

5.2 Select vertical bus

bar

5.3 Press OK

Figure 6

As soon as you press OK button of Figure 6, you will see that a bus named as BUS 1has been drawn.
Repeat the same process for the rest of the busses. You will have the following diagram, after you
have finished all the 5 busses.

Figure 7

Moving the bus

If you would like to move or reposition the bus you have just drawn, you can simply highlight the
corresponding bus and then applying left  click + hold and drag to the intended position.

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Sizing the bus

If you find out that the length of the bus is too short, then highlights the corresponding bus and at the
same time position the  cursor until double arrow appears as shown in Figure 8(a). To lengthen the
bus applying left  click + hold and drag to the intended length and this is shown in Figure 8(b).

(a) Before lengthening the bus (b) After lengthening the bus

Figure 8

6. The following step is to insert a generator at BUS 1. Again from the Insert button, select
Generator from the equipment palette and locates the cross hair at the centre of BUS 1 and
subsequently applying left click. This invokes the Generator Options Dialog (Figure 9).

6.1 Arbitrary entering 1

for the time being.

6.2 Click OK.

Figure 9

Leave the rest of the entries unchanged. You will see a generator has been inserted at BUS 1 which is
shown in Figure 10.

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Figure 10

7. Repeat the same procedure for BUS 5. You will see another generator is connected as shown
in Figure 11.

Figure 11

8. The next step is to connect a transformer from BUS 1 to BUS 2. Again from the Insert
button, select Transformer from the equipment palette and locates the cross hair at the centre
of BUS 1 and subsequently applying left click and connects it to BUS 2. With the cursor
still at BUS 2, applying double left  click and this invokes the Transmission
Line/Transformer Options menu as shown in Figure 12.

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8.1 Enter 1 here.

8.2 Click OK.

Figure 12

Leave the rest of the entries. After clicking OK button you will see a transformer has been connected
as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13

Repeat the similar procedure for BUS 3 to BUS 4, and BUS 4 to BUS 5. You will see two
transformers have been connected to those busses which are shown in Figure 14.

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Figure 14

9. Now, connects the two transmission lines between BUS 2 and BUS 3. What you need to do is
to apply the similar techniques as in the proceeding sections. Remind that, just enter 1 to
those blank entries. You will see the following diagram (Figure 15) after clicking OK button
in the Transmission Line/Transformer Options menu.

Figure 15

You have just made a transmission line connection between BUS 2 and BUS 3, we need to connect
another one at the same busses. Follows the similar techniques and subsequently a Confirm menu is
invoked as shown in Figure 16.

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Click Yes.

Figure 16

After clicking Yes, another transmission line has been added between BUS 2 and BUS 3.

Figure 17

10. Finally, adds a load at BUS 4 and this ends the drawing part of a single-line diagram using
PowerWorld Simulator. Save your work as T&P.pwb.

Figure 18

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Part 2: Per Unit Calculations

Well done!!! You have just finishing the single-line diagram of a simple power network Figure 1. At
this stage, you are only able to draw a single line diagram without considering the actual power
apparatus parameters such as the line impedance of transmission lines, generator parameters,
transformer parameters and load parameters.

In reality, all power system components will have their actual system data express in MVA i.e. the
rating of transformer and generator, ohms/km and siemens/km of transmission line, percentage value of
transformer leakage reactance etc. These actual data must be converted into per unit values and be
entered to appropriate entries before simulation of a power network is taking place.

System data

Local
Generator
Local Generator
Step-up Transformer
Transformer
Step-down Transformer

Load
Hydro
Transmission Lines Generator
bus

Figure 19

Power System
Hydro generator: Rating Xs Rs
factor Voltage
0.8
450 MVA 18 kV 1.2 p.u. 0.003 p.u.
lagging

Power System
Local generator: Rating Xs Rs
factor Voltage
0.8
400 MVA 11 kV 2.0 p.u. 0.004 p.u.
lagging

Local generator System

Rating Reactance Tap
Transformer: Voltage
 10%
400 MVA 66/11 kV 5.7%
(HV)

Step-down System
Rating Reactance Tap
Transformer: Voltage
 10%
450 MVA 275/66 kV 11.57%
(HV)

Step-up System
Rating Reactance Tap
Transformer: Voltage
 10%
450 MVA 275/18 kV 9%
(HV)

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Transmission System
Rating Length ZLine BLine
Lines: Voltage
0.067 + j 0.35 3.17e-6
450 MVA 275 kV 210 km
/km/circuit S/km/circuit

After you have calculated all the required data in per unit values, the next step is to enter these data into
their corresponding component option boxes in the PowerWorld Simulator. Finally, before simulation
of the network is carried out, some of the followings adjustments on their corresponding power
components need to be performed according to the given system specifications.

1. New MVA base of the system.

2. Maximum output power of the generators.
3. Equipment capacity or rating.

Entering Per Unit System Data in PowerWorld Simulator

1. Retrieve the file of T&P.pwb using the PowerWorld Simulator and you will again see the
network of Figure 20.

Figure 20

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Generator 1

2. With the mouse cursor on the Generator 1 and applying right  and select Information
Dialog…. This invokes the Generator Options Dialog (Figure 21).
2.3 Left  click
on this button.

2.1 Left  click

on this button.

2.2 Enter 360.

Figure 21

2.4 Enter 350.

2.5 Left  click to

select OK.

Figure 22

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Leave the rest of the entries unchanged.

BUS 1

3. Locate the  cursor to BUS 1, applying right  click and select Bus Information Dialog…,
this invokes the following

3.1 Enter 18. 3.2 Left  click

on this entry
to select BUS
3.2 Select OK. 1 as Slack Bus.

Figure 23
Step-up Transformer

4. Applying right  click on the transformer (just outside the blue circle) and select Line
Information Dialog , the following dialog box invokes as shown below.

4.2 Enter the given

transformer rating.

4.1 Enter the per unit

value you have
calculated.

4.3 click Save.

4.4 Select OK.

Figure 24

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Leave the rest of the entries as there are.

BUS 2

5. Select BUS 2. Applying right  click and at the same time select Bus Information Dialog…
you will see the following Bus Options menu appears as follows;

5.1 Enter step-up

voltage of 275 kV.

5.2 Click Save.

5.3 Click OK.

Figure 25

TRANSMISSION LINES

6. There are two transmission lines connected in parallel between BUS 2 and BUS 3. We need to
enter the calculated per unit values of the line impedance and the susceptance into Transmission
Line/Transformer Option menu.

Now, applying right  click to the upper line and select Line Information Dialog… and the
following Transmission Line/Transformer Option menu invokes as follows;

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6.3 Enter line capacity

6.1 Enter 0.06512. of 450 MVA.

6.2 Enter 0.3402.

6.4 Left  click and Line Shunt/Series Capacitor

Information menu appears as follows;

6.5 Enter 0.07192 p.u..

6.6 Repeat again for Bus 2.

6.7 Left  click OK button.

Finally, left  click on the Save and OK button on the Transmission Line/Transformer Option
menu.

BUS 3

7. For BUS 3. Repeat the similar procedures as you have done for BUS 2. Just enter 275 kV in the
nominal voltage entries and leave the rest of the entries remain as there are.

STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER

8. Using the per unit leakage reactance that you have calculated and follows the same procedures as
you did in the STEP-UP TRANSFORMER. Enter the corresponding per unit data into the
appropriate entry. Enter the transformer‟s capacity to the appropriate entry as well. Remember to
left click Save and OK buttons as you close the menu.

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BUS 4

9. For BUS 4, just repeat the procedures as you have done for the proceeding busses. Make sure the
bus nominal voltage level is consistence to the Step-down transformer which is connected to that
bus.

LOCAL GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

10. Again, repeat the similar procedures as you have done for the previous transformers.

BUS 5

11. Try out yourself.

LOCAL GENERATOR

12. Try out yourself.

LOAD

13. Applying right  click on the load and select Load Information Dialog…, this will invoke the
following Load Option menu.

13.1 Enter UPF load

of 50 MW.

13.2 Click for saving.

13.3 Finally click

OK.

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SIMULATION

14. Save the circuit. You have just completed all the data entering and it is now ready to simulate the
network.
14.1 Left  click on 14.2 Finally left  click
this button. button for simulation.

To confirm with your simulation result, you are required to obtain the result of load flow calculation as
shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Bus records of the network of Figure 1

Bus Records
Area Angle Load Load Gen Gen
Number Name PU Volt Volt (kV)
Name (Deg) MW MVAr MW Mvar
1 BUS 1 1 1 18 0 50.46 -101.32
2 BUS 2 1 1.02031 280.586 -0.57
3 BUS 3 1 1.04063 286.173 -2.15
4 BUS 4 1 1.04056 68.677 -2.83 50 0
5 BUS 5 1 0 0 0 0 0

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Your task:

(1) For the given system data and using base MVA of 350, base voltage of 11kV 18 kV, 66 kV or 275
kV, calculate the per unit values of the transmission line, the generator transformer, the step-up
transformer and step-down transformer.
(2) Draw the impedance diagram for the network of Figure 1, showing all the per-unit values of each
of the component.
(3) Model the power network of Figure 1 using PowerWorld Simulator. Simulate the network and
compare your bus data with Table 1 for verification. Show your bus data by capturing using
screen capture.

Note:

Your report must include: (1) Introduction (2) Objectives (3) Single-line diagram of Figure 1 (4)
Single-line diagram you have created using PowerWorld (Screen capture) (5) Per-unit (p.u)
calculations (6) Impedance diagram showing all the per-unit values (7) Bus data that you have captured
using screen capture and compare with Table 1 and comment on the results (8) Conclusion.

Deadline: 23 August 2023

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