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Robert Boyle is best known in chemistry classrooms for Boyle's law, which describes the
fundamental relationship between the pressure of a gas and the volume it occupies.
What did Boyle discover?

Why is Robert Boyle called the father of
Robert Boyle's accomplishments include chemistry?
inventing the vacuum pump, discovering
He was the first to perform experiments under
that air was necessary for burning, and
controlled conditions and publish his researches
founding the Royal Society. In addition, he
with elaborate details of procedure, apparatus and
believed that all matter was made of tiny
observations. Robert Boyle put chemistry on a firm
corpuscles, which we now call atoms. This
scientific footing transforming it from alchemy into
was an early form of atomic theory.
one based on measurements. He defined
elements, compounds and mixtures.
How did Robert Boyle discover Boyle's law?
Boyle studied the elasticity of gases in a J-tube

similar to the apparatus shown below. By adding
mercury to the open end of the tube, he trapped
a small volume of air in the sealed end. Boyle's
law is based on data obtained with a J-tube
apparatus such as this.
Robert Boyle put chemistry on a firm scientific footing, transforming it from a field bogged down in
alchemy and mysticism into one based on measurement. He defined elements, compounds, and
mixtures, and he coined the new term ‘chemical analysis,’ a field in which he made several powerful
contributions.
Known for In 1834, he made his first contribution to the creation
• Second law of thermodynamics of modern thermodynamics by publishing a report
entitled Mémoire sur la puissance motrice de la chaleur
• Ideal gas law
(Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat), in which he
• Clapeyron's theorem developed the work of the physicist Nicolas Léonard
Sadi Carnot, deceased two years before. Though Carnot
• Clapeyron's theorem of three moments
had developed a compelling analysis of a generalized
• Clapeyron equation heat engine, he had employed the clumsy and already
• Clausius-Clapeyron unfashionable caloric theory.
Clapeyron also worked on the characterization of perfect gases, the equilibrium of homogeneous
solids, and calculations of the statics of continuous beams, notably the theorem of three moments.
Benoit Clapeyron is one of the 72 scientists

whose name is inscribed on the first floor of
the Eiffel Tower. He is the 11th, on the face
turned to the West. Benoît-Paul-Emile
Clapeyron, engineer, was born in Paris on
January 27, 1799. He died on January 28,
18811 in the same city.
Clapeyron is well known in thermodynamics through the Clausius–Clapeyron equation that describes the
variation of the vapor pressure with temperature; few are aware that he made his career as a railroad
engineer and locomotive designer.
Jacques-Alexandre-César Charles
Charles's Law
Robert William Boyle
Boyle's Law
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
The ideal gas

Law
Around 1787 Charles did an experiment where he filled five balloons to the same volume with
different gases. He then raised the temperature of the balloons to 80 °C (not at constant temperature)
and noticed that they all increased in volume by the same amount.
He is best remembered for discovering

Charles' law (1787), relating to the
French physicist Jacques Charles (1746-
volume and temperature of a gas. In
1823) studied the effect of temperature
1783 he became the first person to
on the volume of a gas at constant
make an ascent in a hydrogen balloon.
pressure. Charles's Law states that the
volume of a given mass of gas varies
directly with the absolute temperature
of the gas when pressure is kept
constant.
What did Jacques Charles invent?
Charles developed several useful inventions,

including a valve to let hydrogen out of the
balloon and other devices, such as the
hydrometer and reflecting goniometer, and
improved the Gravesand heliostat and
Fahrenheit's aerometer.
Charles's law defines the direct relationship between temperature and volume. When the
parameters of a system change, Charles's law helps us anticipate the effect the changes have on
volume and temperature.

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Robert Boyle is best known in chemistry classrooms for Boyle's law, which describes the

What did Boyle discover?

How did Robert Boyle discover Boyle's law?

Boyle studied the elasticity of gases in a J-tube

Benoit Clapeyron is one of the 72 scientists

The ideal gas

He is best remembered for discovering

What did Jacques Charles invent?

Charles developed several useful inventions,

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