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As we learn about

DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
 DISASTER
A DISASTER IS A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE
FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OR A SOCIETY
INVOLVING WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL,
ECONOMIC OR ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS AND
IMPACTS, WHICH EXCEEDS THE ABILITY OF THE
AFFECTED COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY TO COPE
USING ITS OWN RESOURCES.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT (OR EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT) IS THE CREATION OF PLANS THROUGH
WHICH COMMUNITIES REDUCE VULNERABILITY TO
HAZARDS AND COPE WITH DISASTERS. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT DOES NOT AVERT OR ELIMINATE THE
THREATS; INSTEAD, IT FOCUSES ON CREATING PLANS
TO DECREASE THE EFFECT OF DISASTERS.
PREPAREDNESS
Disaster preparedness refers to the
proactive measures and strategies put in
place to mitigate the impact of a disaster
and enhance the ability of individuals,
communities, and organizations to
respond effectively.
DISASTER PREPARATION AND RESPONSE FOR:

EARTHQUAKE FIRES TORNADOS

A. LEARN HOW TO SHUT OFF GAS,
WATER, AND ELECTRICAL UTILITIES

B. SECURE SHELVES AND HEAVY

OBJECTS THAT COULD CAUSE
INJURY.

C. KEEP AN EMERGENCY KIT

STOCKED WITH SUPPLIES TO LAST
FOR AT LEAST 3 DAYS (REPLACE
SUPPLIES REGULARLY).
YOUR SUPPLIES SHOULD AT LEAST INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING:
TWO TO FOUR QUARTS OF WATER PER PERSON PER
DAY
FIRST-AID KIT
PACKAGED/CANNED NON-PERISHABLE FOOD AND
CAN OPENER BLANKETS/SLEEPING BAGS
PLASTIC BAGS TO STORE WASTE
SMALL RADIO WITH BATTERIES/CELL PHONES

D. RENEW PRESCRIPTIONS FOR ESSENTIAL MEDICATIONS

SO THAT YOU ALWAYS HAVE A 7-10 DAY SUPPLY ON
HAND.

E.HAVE A FAMILY PLAN ON WHAT TO DO IF YOU CANNOT

GO HOME.
DURING A NATURAL DISASTER

A. STAY CALM.

B.CHECK FOR AND TREAT INJURIES. CHECK FOR

GAS OR WATER LEAKS AND FIRES. IF YOU
SUSPECT A GAS LEAK, TURN OFF THE GAS.

C. LISTEN TO THE EMERGENCY BROADCAST

SYSTEM.

D. UPDATE THE INFORMATION BULLETIN/NEWS.

 3. General Common Safety
and Health Regulations
Fire Drill / Escape Plan house.
1.) Plan with everyone an escape route from each room in
the house.
2.) Plan an alternate escape route from each room in case
route is blocked by fire.
3.) Avoid using interior stairways and open halls for
escape routes, as fire and smoke collect in these areas.

4.) Have each member of the household practice rolling out

of bed, and then crawling along the escape route.

5.)Practice everyone to feel for the door handle if it is hot, if

so, then try to use another route.
3. General Common Safety
and Health Regulations
6.) Keep a working flashlight in all rooms.
7.) Make sure everyone practices opening all doors,
windows, and screens in all escape routes.
8.) Stress the importance of closing all the doors
9.) Determine how the client especially small children,
the elderly or disabled person, will escape and how they
are to be assisted.
10.) Anyone who will call the fire department should call
upon getting out of the building.
11.)Establish a crucial meeting place.
.12.) Check to see if it is safe to escape through a window.
13.) Practice stuffing cloth around door jambs to keep out
smoke in case someone is trapped in a room.
CWTS ROLE IN CHILDREN'S FIRE SAFETY
1.)Practice a fire drill, seriously yet in an entertaining way, every three months
with the children.

2.) Keep all matches out of reach of children,

and teach them to tell you if they
find some.

3.) Instruct the children to call for help if they see even a smallfire. Teach them

to call 117 FOR EMERGENCIES

4.) Children have to be taught not to hide when they see a fire.Instead they could

shout "fire" as loud and as long as they possibly can.

5.)Teach children the dangers of fire, never
assume that they know already.

6.) Teach by example, always be careful in handling fires.CWTS role in the

elderly/disabled person's fire safety

CWTS ROLE IN THE

ELDERLY/DISABLED
PERSON'S FIRE
SAFETY
1.) Practice together a fire drill every three months.

2.) Help the older person to develop the confidence to

be able to open
and climb out of the window.

3.) Be prepared to drag them with a blanket if

necessary.

4.) Practice as well, using wet cloths, pressed over the

nose and mouth to keep them from breathing smoke,
and blocking smoke with cloth from seeping it
through the door. Teach them how to signal to other
people outside the house, and how to call 117 if needed.
5.) Place the essential things on the bedside table
such as whistles, eyeglasses, flashlights,
telephones, canes, and walkers. Always minimize
obstacles along the path of escape. Encourage
them to use ground floor rooms facing the street.

6.) Keep at least three feet of clear space around

space heaters; never use them to dry clothes.

7.)Check electric blankets every three months.

8.)Never add anything over an electric blanket
as this could cause them to overheat.

9.) Fireplaces should have guards, and the fire

should be cut before you sleep.

10.) For smoking clients, provide large ashtrays

for them, separate the ashes from the regular
trash, and double-check the area where the
smoker was for anything smoldering.
COMMON SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATION AT HOME

GARDEN LIVING AND BED HALL WAYS

ROOM AND STAIRS
COMMON SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATION AT HOME

KITCHEN BATH ROOMS

 GARDEN LIVING ROOM
• Always lock up sheds and • Keep all breakable objects out
garages where you keep garden of reach of children.
chemicals and dangerous tools.
• Disconnect your television
•Teach your child not to eat any when not in use.
plants or berries from the
garden. • Make sure that rugs cannot slip
under your feet.
•Cover garden pools and
rainwater butts securely or get • Make sure shelves and
rid of them. bookcases are secure and can't
be pulled over.
HALLWAYS AND BED ROOM
STAIRS
• Don't leave cosmetics,
• Keep hallways well lit. Never perfumes, breakables, and nail
leave toys lying around. scissors and so on within a
child's reach.
• Don't let your child walk
around carrying things like • Make sure that wardrobe doors
scissors or sharp pencils. can be opened from the inside in
case your child gets shut in.
• Always use a safety gate on the
stairs and make sure that the • Disconnect and put away
gate at the top is closed at night electrical equipment such as
in case a young child can get hairdryer
out of bed unaided.
 KITCHEN
When possible, keep your child
out of the kitchen.

Keep well all bleach, household

cleaners, and detergents out of
reach of children. Put them
preferably in a locked cupboard.

Always disconnect electrical

appliances when not in use.

Don't use long tablecloths that

your child can easily pull.
ELEIEDE SQUIAD

FIRST AID

JUNE 2023
 Rescue Breathing and CPR
FIRST AID
1
(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

AND
EMERGENCY Improper CPR or CPR performed
on a person whose heart is still
SAFETY beating can cause serious injury.

MEASURES Never perform CPR unless:

(Kemper, D.W. 1994) Breathing has stopped

There is no pulse
No one with training in CPR
is present
For basic life support, think ABC: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation in this
order. Establish an open airway to start breathing, and give the rescue
breathing before you can begin the chest compressions needed if there is
no pulse.

Step 1: Check for Consciousness

Grasp the victim by the shoulders and shout. "Are you okay?" If
he does not respond, roll him onto his back, unless there is a
possible spinal injury. If he may have suffered a spinal injury,
gently roll the head, neck and shoulders together as a unit until
he is on his back. If the victim does not respond, call for help.

For children age 8 and under: Give one full minute of rescue
breathing (and CP if there is no pulse)
Step 2: Open the Turn the head to one side and clear any foreign
Airway material from the mouth with your fingers.
Check for breathing.
Look to see if the victim's Place one hand on the victim's forehead and tilt
chest and abdomen are the head back gently.
moving. Listen and feel
for air moving out of the Place the fingers of your hand under the chin
mouth. If the victim is and lift to pull it forward.
not breathing, open the
airway:
Sometimes, just opening the airway will allow
the victim to breathe. Keep the airway open and
look, listen and feel for signs of breathing. If the
victim does not start breathing, begin rescue
breathing immediately.
 STEP 3 STEP 4
Begin Rescue Breathing Check for Circulation

Pinch the victim's nostrils shut with your Locate the carotid artery in the neck.
thumb and forefinger. With your other hand
continue tilting the chin forward to keep the Find the voice box or adam's apple. Slide the
airway open. tips of your index and middle fingers into the
groove beside it.
Take a deep breath and place your mouth over
the victim's, making a tight seal. For an infant; Feel for a pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.
Place your mouth over the mouth and nose.
If there is no pulse: Begin chest compression. If
Slowly blow air in until the victim's chest rises. there is a pulse: Continue rescue breathing only
Take 1 ½ to 2 seconds to give each breath. until help arrives or the victim starts to breathe
Remove your mouth from the victim's and take on his own. If he begins breathing again, he still
a deep breath between rescue breaths. Allow the needs to be seen by a health professional.
victim's chest to fall and feel the air escape.

Give 2 full breaths, then check for circulation.

 GIVE RESCUE
BREATHS
Adult (age 9 and older): 1 breath every 5
seconds
Children age 1 to 8: 1 breath every 4 seconds
Infant under 1 year: 1 breath every 3 seconds
STEP 5: BEGIN CHEST COMPRESSIONS
For adults: Kneel next to the victim. Use your fingers to locate the end of the
breastbone (sternum), where the ribs come together. Place 2 fingers at the tip of the
breastbone. Place the heel of one hand directly above your finger.

Place your other hand on top of the one that is in position. Do not allow your fingers
to touch the chest as that may damage the ribs.

Straighten your arms, lock your elbows, and center your shoulders directly over your
hand.

Press down in a steady rhythm, using your body weight and keeping your arms
locked. The force from each thrust should go straight down into the sternum,
compressing it 1% to 2 inches.. It may help to count "one and two and three and four..."
up to 15 compressions. Give one downward thrust each time you say a number, lift
your weight, but not your hand, open the victim's chest on the up stock.
After 15 compressions, quickly do the head tilt/chin lift, and give 2 full, slow breaths, taking
one breath in between.

Repeat the 15 compressions. 2 breaths cycle 4 times. Check the pulse again. If there is no pulse,
continue rescue breathing and chest compressions until help arrives, or the victim's pulse and
breathing return.

For a child: Using the heel of one hand, press with less force, compressing the sternum 1 to 1 ½
inches.

For an infant: Place 2 fingers on the sternum, about one finger width below an imaginary line
connecting the nipples. Press with gentle force, compressing the sternum about ½ inch.

For adults: Give 5 chest compressions, then breathe. Repeat 4 times and check the pulse again.
If there is still no pulse, continue rescue breathing and chest compressions until help arrives or
until the victim's pulse and breathing are restored.
 Practice Session; Rescue Breathing (Adult)
The Rescues Breath practice session is the first of the three practice
sessions.

During this practice session, you will first practice on a partner.

If possible, a third person should read the skill checklist as you practice.

REMEMBER: When you practice on a partner, do not make mouth-to-

mouth contact or give actual rescue breaths.
 Practice Session; Rescue Breathing (Adult)
When you practice on a mannequin, you will practice all the step and will give
actual breaths.

Make sure that the mannequin's face and mouth are cleaned with disinfecting
solution before each person starts practicing on the mannequin.

BEFORE YOU PRACTICING, carefully read the skill sheet checklist on page 128
through 131 in this sourcebook.

If you don't remember how to use the checklist, read page 126 and 128 in your
sourcebook.
Skill Sheet
You should survey the scene
to see if it is safe, and to get
some idea about what
happened. Then begin doing
a primary survey by
checking the ABCs.

!For practice only!

Remember: When using a real person as a
victim, do not make mouth-to-mouth or give
actual rescue breaths.
 Check for
Unresponsiveness
Tap or gently shake victim. Rescuer shouts,
"are you Ok?"

Partner/instructor says "Unconscious."

Rescuer says "Unconscious."

Rescuer shouts "Help!"

 Positioning the Victim
Roll victim onto back, if necessary. Roll victim toward you as a single
unit; as you roll victim, move your
kneel facing victim, midway between hand from shoulder to support back
victim's hips and shoulders. of head and neck.

straighten victim's legs, if necessary, Place victim's arm nearest you

and move arm closest to you above alongside victim's body.
victim's head.

Lean over victim, and place one

hand on victim's shoulder and other
hand on victim's hip.
 Open the Airway: Use Head-
tilt/chin-lift method
Place one hand on victim's forehead.

Place fingers of the other hand under bony part of

lower near chin.

Tilt and lift jaw-avoid closing victim's mouth.

 Check for Breathlessness
Maintain open airway.

Place your ear over victim's mouth and nose.

Look at the chest, listen, and feel for breathing for 3

to 5 seconds.

Partner/Instructor says, "No breathing."

Rescuer reapeats, "No breathing."

 Give 2 Full Breaths
Maintain open airway.

Pinch nose shut.

Open your mouth wide, take a deep breath, and make a tight
seal around outside of victim's mouth.

Give 2 full breaths at the rate of 1 to 1 ½ second per breath.

Observe the chest rise and fall; listen and feel for excaping air.
 Check for Pulse
Maintain head tilt with one hand on the forehead.

Locate Adam's apple with the middle and index fingers of

the hand closest to the victim's feet.

Feel for a carotid pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.

Partner/Instructor says, "No breathing, but there is a

pulse."

Rescuer repeats, "No breathing, but there is a pulse."

Phone the EMS system for Help
Tell someone to call for an ambulance.

Rescuer says "No breathing, has a pulse, call ___________."

(Local emergency number or operator)
 Now begin Rescue Breathing
Maintain an open airway. Observe chest rise and fall, listen
and feel for escaping air and the
Pich nose shut. return of breathing.

Open your mouth wide, take a Continue for 1 minute giving about
deep breath, and make a tight seal 12 breath.
around outside of victim's mouth.

Give 1 breath every 5 seconds at

the rate of 1 to 1 ½ second per
breath.
 Recheck Pulse
Tilt head.

Locate carotid pulse and feel for 5 seconds.

Partner/Instructor says, "Has pulse."

Rescuer reapeats, "Has pulse."

Next look, listen, and feel for breathing for 3 to 5 seconds

Partner/Instructor says, "No breathing"

Rescuer repeats, "No breathing."

 Continue Rescue Breathing
Maintain an open airway.

Give 1 breath every 5 seconds at the rate of 1 to 1 ½

seconds per breath.

Recheck pulse every minute.

 What to Do Next
While the rescuer is rechecking Based on this information, the
pulse and breathing, the partner resuer should make a decision
should read one of the following about what to do next, and
statements: continue giving the right care.

!State the final instructor

1. Victim is breahting but still

check!
unconscious.
2. Victim has a pulse but is not
breathing.
MORE ABOUT
RESCUE
BREATHING
 AIR IN THE
STOMACH
Sometimes during rescue
breathing, the rescuer may breathe
air into the victim's stomach. Air in
the stomach can be a serious
problem. It can cause the victim to
vomit. When an unconscious
person vomits, the stomach
contents may go into the lungs,
that can lead to death.
AIR CAN ENTER THE
STOMACH IN THREE
WAYS:

1 2 3
 THREE WAYS:
when the rescuer keeps breathing into
the victim after the chest has risen, this
01 causes extra air to fill the stomach
when the rescuer has not tilted the
victim's head back far enough to open the

02 airway completely and must breathe at

greater pressure to fill the victim's lung’s.

when the rescue breaths are given too

03 quickly. Quick breaths are given with

higher pressure, which causes air to enter
the stomach.
 To avoid forcing air into the stomach,
make sure you keep the victim's head tilted
all the way back. Breathe into the victim only
enough to make the chest rise. Don't give
breaths too quickly; pause between breaths
long enough to let the victim's lungs empty
and for you to get another breath.

If you notice that the victim's stomach has

begun to bulge, make sure that the head is
tilted back far enough and make sure you are
not breathing into the victim too hard or too
fast.
 VOMITING
Sometimes while you are helping
an unconscious victim, the victim
may vomit. If this happens, turn the
victim's head and body to the side,
quickly wipe the material out of the
victim's mouth and continue where
you left off.
PRACTICE SESSION:
FIRST AID FOR
CHOKING
(COMPLETE AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION)
 The first aid for choking practice session is
the second of the three practice sessions.
During this session, you will practice on a
partner, and then you will practice on a
mannequin. Before you start practicing,
carefully read the following directions and the
skill sheet checklist on pages 134 through 136
in this workbook.
In this practice session, you will learn two
separate skills: first aid for a conscious adult
with complete airway obstruction, and first aid
for an unconscious adult with complete airway
obstruction.
 FIRST AID FOR
COMPLETE AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
(CONSCIOUS ADULT)
 You will practice this skill with a
partner. If possible, a third person
should read the skill checklist as
you practice.

Remember: When practicing

abdominal thrusts on a partner, do
not give actual abdominal thrusts.
 FIRST AID FOR COMPLETE
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
(UNCONSCIOUS ADULT)
You will practice this skill on a
mannequin. Do not perform
finger sweeps on a mannequin.
Do not touch the mannequin's
lips or inside the mouth with
your fingers.
KIMMMM SUNOD KAY ALJUN
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