ICT Applications

By Fatimah
 The Rate of Communication applications

Newsletters:organisations like
school,universities
have always produced newsletters for
parents or for students or for their
members.The use of word processing
software enables easy editing to
correct errors,and spell checkers and
grammar checkers help to improve
quality.
Newsletter Documents Formats

01 Using Colums 02 Justificatin of text

Changing the character Automated bullet points and

03 04
size numbering

05 Indenting of text 06 altering the margins and the

spacing
 Flyers
Flyers look very different
to newsletters,the same sorts
of considerations apply,so it is
not the feature
of the DTP prsentation that
will tend to alter,or the
methods of productions.
Application used for publicity and
corporate image publications
Websites
A website is a collection of
web
pages,text,graphics,video,s
ound.The website is hosted
on a web server on the
internet.The information
on the website can be on
the internet.
Multimedia Prsesentations
Mutimedia presentations use a mixture of
different media to present information
effectively and to maintain the interest of
the viewer.Hyperlinks can be included as
part of a single -user presentation to give
the user a choice of path through it.A
multimedia presentation can aso be in the
form of a slide to be shown to an
audience using a data projector.
Cartoons
Computers can be used to create
cartoon animations.You can scan or
create an image on screen with
graphic application.Then,if you use
computer -generated imagery
software(CGI)to give instructions of
how the image should move and
where it should end up,the
software can calculate the
intermediate stages and
automatically produce copies of
them.
Music Scores
Music is written by a composer who then
writes it on a ‘staff’ or ‘stave’,which is a
series of parallel horizontal lines.The
position in which a symbol is placed tells
you what note to play.A music score is
when the seperate instrumental and vocal
parts for a piece of music are printed
together.
The Use of Mobile Phones for
Communication
 Text Messsaging

Text Messaging is the least expensive way of communicatng using

mobile phones,using what is called the Short Mesaging
System(SMS).It is useful as it makes it quick and simple to send
short messages.Mobile Phones screens have developed to form a
larger proportion of the total interface to allow for better use
when watching movies or playnig games.
The use of internet telephony
The Voice Over Internet
Protocol(VOIP)allows the use of the
internet to carry voice data when making
phone calls.When using VOIP
technology,the voice data is broken into
packets of data that are sent along
different routes to arrive at the same
destination where they are reassembled
in the right order.This technology is
referred to as packet switching.
 Data Handling Applications

01 02
Surveys Address List

03 04
Club and Society Records School Reports
Suverys
The starting point,whatever the
data-handling application,is data
collection.This can be done
automatically,but another method is to
use surverys.In computer terms surveys
are conducted using data capture
forms.In general terms it is importants
to decide what data needs to be
colledcted and then decide what
questions should be asked.
Address Lists
Address lists or contact details are
very valuable.Organisations that
deal with mail orders need to be
able to send brochures to potential
customers,so a list of names and
addresses is something thay can
use for their businesss.
Club and Society Records
Clubs and Societies need to keep data
on their members.This data can be
searched for specific members of the
club so that they can be contacted.It
can also be searched for specfic
data:all the members who are in a
particular age group,so that a team
can be chosen to represent a school.
School Reports
To understand the use of ICT in producing school reports you need to
consider what information is on the reports.
.Students specific data:This would include the students’s name and
the name of the class they are in.
.Student Progress:The name of the classs teacher who writes a report
on the student’s progresss will need to be on the report.

.Teacher Comments:The teachers will have to write a commment for

each of the students taht they reach.

.Absences and late arrival:This data wil be stored in the attendance

register,and the computer can quckily calculate how often the
student is absent or present.

Date of the report:This is easy to add to the form;alternatively,it may

just say which term the report is for,which case the same information
will be on every report.
School Libraries
School Libraries is a place where
books are stored and it has a
system in order to know which
students borrrowed the book and
in order to record it.
Measurement Applications
A measurement application has
something to do with measuring a value
or a set of values.A computer can be used
to display the values to the user by
displaying a representation of the
magnitude of the thing being measured
.The computers needs to be given some
data to describe the measurements will
be taken by devices that can
automatically take measurments and
return the values to the computer.These
devices are callled sensors.Most of the
data this is measured will be analogue
data.
Scientific Experiments
Temprature sensors can be used to measure the
temprature of the chemicals that are reacting in a
vessel,they may be used to measure the
temprature of an engine part in an engineering
workshop to ensure that the friction in the engine
is not excessive .There are many instances where
temprature sensors are used.
Analogue data and Digital data
Analogue data refers to audio or video
signals and such like that vary
continously,but digital data is based on
binary form.A good exampe is a light
switch being on or off is digital because it
only has two states,but if a dimmer
switch is used instead,then it that is
analogue.
The use of Microprocessors and computers in
hospital intensive care units
The intensive care unit in a hospital produces and uses a lot of
data.It is here that ICT can enhance patient care.it can
.Improve access to the clinical data of a patient
.reduce errors
.ensure that complicate with quality standarda is observed.
.monitor a patient’s vital signs
.provide support for decision-making
 Microprosser in control applications

Turtle Graphics are an example of computer control,and have

many bulit-in commands that allow you to perform actions by
giving the computer a set of clear instructions to follow.
The turtle s normally considered to be located at the position
where the triangle is pointing.
.Moving Forwards
.Moving Backwards
.Turniing sideways
.Reapting
Buglar Alarms
A simple buglar alarm detects when a door or
window is open using a simple magnet and
contact switch.A signal is sent to the control
appplication which sets offf the alarm.One
sensor not mentioned yet is a movement
sensor.These use infared light to detect when
there is movement within the range of the
sensor.
Modelling Applications
SpreadSheets are very valuable for simple computer
modelling because they allow ‘what if ……?questions to
be asked.
A family can store their family finances in a
spreadsheet.A school tuck shop can store the records of
the shop in a spredsheet.We would need to factor into
our spredsheets the likes and dislikes of students.The
spreadsheet should then be able to predict the increase
or the decrease in the profits.
Applications in manufacturing
industries
Robotics are able copy the movements
and actions of human beings when they
perform certain tasks,but to become
more useful to use,robots are now
being taught to think for themselves
and to react to situations as a human
would.
School Mangement
School registration systems are based on OMR system
technologies.Sheets are printed with ink that is readable by
human beings but not by the scanning process.These inks
tend to be blue or pink pastel shades.Instructions are given
to the user using these links on the paper and areas are
assisgned in which the user can make marks.
Booking Systems
.Threatre Booking Systems allow boooking agents in diffferent
locations to be in commmunication with a central computer
system which stores details of the avaliable seats for shows.

.Cimema Booking can be done in much the same way.Customers

can book over the internet;they can also book using te keypad on
a mobile phone.The payment may be made immediately.

.Travel Applications:The travel industry allows boookings to be

made by indiviual customers using the internet,or by travel
agents.
Banking Applications
Electric funds transfer for producing a payroll for a company is that
after calculating the amount that a worker has earned during the
week,the computer arranges for the money to be paid into the
worker’s bank account.

.ATMs is an automated teller machine is the machine outside banks

and in other locations that allows you to carry out transactions such
as with drawing and depositing cash or cheques.

.Telephone Banking isa service offered by banking institutions whre

customers can make a call to the bank and the bank employee
would ask a series of security questions befor carrying out the
requested transcation for the computer.

.Credit/Debit Cards:Credit cards is sent to the credit cards company

while Debit cards are used by custmers in dealing with their bank.
Computers in Medicine
Computer Techonogy is important in helping health professionals
provide as reliable and efficient a service as possible and also in
keeping them aware of medical advances which is used in:
.Diagnostic Systems
.Pharmarcy Records
.Patient records
.Montoring Patients
.3D printers for medical aids
Expert systems
were explanied above,where an exepert system to aid medical
diagnoss was described.The same four principles of collecting
knowledge from experts in the field apply for the following
applications used in
.Mineral Prospecting
.Car Engine Fault Diagnosis
.Chess Computers
Computers in the retail industry
The stock of a businesss is the items that it either manufactures
or sells or uses.To keep track of their stock as items are bought
in,sold or used,a business needs a stock control system.
.POS/EFTPOS
.Internet Shopping
Recognition Systems
.MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader and that the
numbers on the bottom of a cheque are printed using magnetic
ink so thart they can be read by a special reader even if they
have been written over.
.OMR stands for Optical Mark Recognition,and invloves scans from
specially prepared hard copy forms that have spaces for a mark to
be placed.
.RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification and is a device
that can scan in a unique identifier for an object that has RFID
chips.
.OCR stands Optical Character Recognition because it can read
each character in text from a paper document that has been
scannned in reproduce it in a form that can be edited by you in a
word processor.
.Examples
.Passports
.Processsing of cheques
Monitoring and Tracking Systems
.Cookiesthis means that they write a small file called a’cookie’ to your
computer’s hard drive either without you knowing it or by asking your
permission first.A cookie is a unique identifier placed on your computer by a
web server and can be used to retrieve your records from their data bases.

.Key logging is a method of recording all the keystrokes that you make on a
computer keyboard .Either hardware or software can be used to do this.

.Employee call monitoring:some employers,who are concerned that thier

business telephones are being used by their employees for personal
calls,monitor employees calls.some employees may be need to monitor phone
calls so that they can evaluate thier customer service department.

Electronic Tagging Devices can be used in many situations such as monitoring

the well-being of the elderly and tracking offenders.
Satellite Systems
.Geographic Information systems(GIS)
A GIS is a computer system for capturing,storing,checking and
displaying data that relates to positions on the Earth’s surface,it
can show data of different kinds on the map.
.Media Commmunications Systms relates to the use by specialised
communication businesses such as
press,photography,advertising,cimema,broadcasting and/or
publishing of outlets or tools that they can use to store and to
transmit data.