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Section 14.1

This document introduces functions of two or more variables. It defines a function of two variables as a rule that assigns a real number to each ordered pair in its domain. Examples show how to find values, sketch domains, and describe graphs of functions of two variables. Level curves for a function of two variables are introduced. Functions of three variables are also discussed, including sketching domains and finding level surfaces. Examples provide illustrations of these concepts.

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Md. Shahjahan
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32 views

Section 14.1

This document introduces functions of two or more variables. It defines a function of two variables as a rule that assigns a real number to each ordered pair in its domain. Examples show how to find values, sketch domains, and describe graphs of functions of two variables. Level curves for a function of two variables are introduced. Functions of three variables are also discussed, including sketching domains and finding level surfaces. Examples provide illustrations of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Md. Shahjahan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to Math 209

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Review Math 100 and Math 101:

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Chapter 14
Section 14.1:

Functions of two or more variables

Definition 1: A function f of two variables is a rule that assigns


to each ordered pair of real numbers (x, y) in a set D, exactly one real
number, f (x, y), in a set R. The set D is called the domain of f, Df .
The range of f = Rf = {f (x, y)|(x, y) ∈ Df } ⊂ R.
The graph of f is the graph of the equation z = f (x, y).

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Example 1:
√
(a) Let f (x, y) = y + 1 + ln(x2 − y). Find f (e, 0) and sketch the
domain of f.

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(b) Sketch the domain of f (x, y) = sin−1 (x + y)

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Example 2: In each part, describe the graph of the function.

(a) f (x, y) = 1 − x − 21 y.

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p
(b) f (x, y) = 2 − x2 − y 2 .

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Definition 2: If the surface z = f (x, y) is cut by the horizon-
tal planes z = k, then the projection of these intersections onto the
xy−plane are called the level curves of height k. A set of level curves
for z = f (x, y) is called a contour map of f (x, y).

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p
Example 3: Describe the graph of the function f (x, y) = − x2 + y 2 .

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Functions of 3 variables
Example 4: Sketch the domain of the following functions:
xyz
(a) f (x, y, z) = x+y+z

(b) f (x, y, z) = exyz .

xy
(c) f (x, y, z) = e z .

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√ p √
(d) f (x, y, z) = 4 − x2 + 9 − y2 + 1 − z2

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Level Surfaces
Similarly, for a function of 3 variables, u = f (x, y, z) we obtain the
level surfaces
f (x, y, z) = k,
where k is a constant in the range of f .
For example, u = f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , has the domain D = R3
and the range [0, ∞). Hence, the level surfaces of f are:

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = k, k ≥ 0

For k = 0, it is only point (0,0,0). For k > 0 it is a family of spheres


centered at the origin.

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Example 5: Find the domain and the range of f .
p
(a) z = f (x, y) = 36 − 9x2 − 4y 2

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(b) f (x, y, z) = ln(4 − x2 − y 2 − z 2 )

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Example 6: Let
1
z = f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2
(a) Find the domain and the range of f
(b) Draw a contour map for f by showing several level curves
(c) Sketch the graph of f

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