4/6/23, 10:13 PM Implement model of variable pitch wind turbine - Simulink - MathWorks India

Wind Turbine
Implement model of variable pitch wind turbine

Libraries:
Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Electrical Machines

Description
The Wind Turbine block models the steady-state power characteristics of a wind turbine. The stiffness of the drive
train is infinite and the friction factor and the inertia of the turbine must be combined with those of the generator
coupled to the turbine. The output power of the turbine is given by the following equation.

ρA
Pm = c p(λ, β) v
3
wind
, (1)
2

where:

Pm Mechanical output power of the turbine (W)

c
p
Performance coefficient of the turbine

3
ρ Air density (kg/m )

A Turbine swept area (m2)

vwind Wind speed (m/s)

λ Tip speed ratio of the rotor blade tip speed to wind speed

β Blade pitch angle (deg)

Equation 1 can be normalized. In the per unit (pu) system we have:

3
Pm_pu = k pc p_puv ,
wind_pu

where:

Pm
_pu
Power in pu of nominal power for particular values of ρ and A

c
p_pu
Performance coefficient in pu of the maximum value of c p

v
wind_pu
Wind speed in pu of the base wind speed. The base wind speed is the mean value of the expected wind
speed in m/s.

k
p
Power gain for c p_pu
=1 pu and v wind_pu
=1 pu, k is less than or equal to 1
p

A generic equation is used to model c (λ,β). This equation, based on the modeling turbine characteristics of [1], is:
p

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−c /λ
5 i
c p( λ, β) = c1(c2/λi − c3 β − c4)e + c6 λ,

with:

1 1 0.035
= − .
3
λi λ + 0.08β β + 1

The coefficients c to c are: c = 0.5176, c = 116, c = 0.4, c = 5, c = 21 and c = 0.0068. The c -λ characteristics, for
1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 p

different values of the pitch angle β, are illustrated below. The maximum value of c (c = 0.48) is achieved for β = 0
p pmax

degrees and for λ = 8.1. This particular value of λ is defined as the nominal value (λ ). _nom

The Simulink® model of the turbine is illustrated in the following figure. The three inputs are the generator speed
(ωr_pu) in pu of the nominal speed of the generator, the pitch angle in degrees, and the wind speed in m/s. The tip
speed ratio λ in pu of λ_nom is obtained by the division of the rational speed in pu of the base rotational speed
(defined below) and the wind speed in pu of the base wind speed. The output is the torque applied to the generator
shaft.

Ports

Input collapse all

Generator speed (pu) — Generator speed, pu

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Generator speed based on the nominal speed of the generator, specified as a scalar, in pu.

Pitch angle (deg) — Pitch angle, deg

Pitch angle, specified as a scalar

Wind speed (m/s) — Wind speed, m/s

Wind speed, specified as a nonnegative scalar, in m/s.

Output collapse all

Tm (pu) — Mechanical torque of wind turbine, pu

Mechanical torque of the wind turbine, returned as a scalar, in pu of the nominal generator torque. The nominal
torque of the generator is based on the nominal generator power and speed.

Parameters collapse all

Nominal mechanical output power — Nominal output power

The nominal output power in watts (W).

Base power of the electrical generator — Nominal power of electrical generator coupled to wind turbine
 1.5e6/0.9 (default) | positive scalar

The nominal power of the electrical generator coupled to the wind turbine, in VA. This parameter is used to
compute the output torque in pu of the nominal torque of the generator.

Base wind speed (m/s) — Base value of wind speed

The base value of the wind speed, in m/s, used in the per-unit system. The base wind speed is the mean value
of the expected wind speed. This base wind speed produces a mechanical power that is usually lower than the
turbine nominal power.

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Maximum power at base wind speed — Maximum power

Power gain k at base wind speed in pu of the nominal mechanical power. k is less than or equal to 1.
p p

Base rotational speed — Rotational speed at maximum power for base wind speed
 1.2 (default) | positive scalar

The rotational speed at maximum power for the base wind speed. The base rotational speed is in pu of the
base generator speed. For a synchronous or asynchronous generator, the base speed is the synchronous
speed. For a permanent-magnet generator, the base speed is defined as the speed producing nominal voltage
at no load.

Pitch angle beta to display wind turbine power characteristics — Pitch angle beta
 0 (default) | nonnegative scalar

The pitch angle beta, in degrees, used to display the power characteristics. Beta must be greater than or equal
to zero.

Display wind turbine power characteristics — Plot wind turbine power characteristics
 button

Click to plot the turbine power characteristics for different wind speeds and for the specified pitch angle beta.

Examples
The illustration below shows the mechanical power P as a function of generator speed, for different wind speeds
m

and for blade pitch angle β = 0 degrees. This figure is obtained with the default parameters (base wind speed = 12
m/s, maximum power at base wind speed = 0.73 pu (k = 0.73), and base rotational speed = 1.2 pu).
p

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References
[1] Siegfried Heier, “Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems,” John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1998, ISBN 0-471-
97143-X

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Version History
Introduced in R2006a

See Also
Wind Turbine Induction Generator (Phasor Type) | Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Phasor Type)

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