Section 12.6

MOTION OF A PROJECTILE
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to: In-Class Activities:
1. Analyze the free-flight • Check Homework
motion of a projectile. • Reading Quiz
• Applications
• Kinematic Equations for
Projectile Motion
• Example Problems
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.
READING QUIZ
1. The downward acceleration of an object in free-flight

motion is
A) zero. B) increasing with time.
C) 9.81 m/s2. D) decreasing with time.
2. The horizontal component of velocity remains _________

during a free-flight motion.
A) zero B) constant
C) at 9.81 m/s2 D) decreasing with time

APPLICATIONS
A good kicker instinctively knows at what angle, q, and initial

velocity, vA, he must kick the ball to make a field goal.
For a given kick “strength”, at what angle should the ball be
kicked to get the maximum distance?

APPLICATIONS (continued)
A basketball is shot at a certain angle. What parameters should

the shooter consider in order for the basketball to pass through
the basket?
Distance, speed, the basket location, … anything else?

APPLICATIONS (continued)
A firefighter needs to know the maximum height on the wall

she can project water from the hose. What parameters would
you program into a wrist computer to find the angle, q, that
she should use to hold the hose?

MOTION OF A PROJECTILE (Section 12.6)
Projectile motion can be treated as two rectilinear

motions, one in the horizontal direction experiencing
zero acceleration and the other in the vertical
direction experiencing constant acceleration (i.e.,
from gravity).

MOTION OF A PROJECTILE (Section 12.6)
For illustration, consider the two balls on

the left. The red ball falls from rest,
whereas the yellow ball is given a
horizontal velocity. Each picture in this
sequence is taken after the same time
interval. Notice both balls are subjected to
the same downward acceleration since
they remain at the same elevation at any
instant. Also, note that the horizontal
distance between successive photos of the
yellow ball is constant since the velocity
in the horizontal direction is constant.

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS: HORIZONTAL MOTION
Since ax = 0, the velocity in the horizontal direction remains

constant (vx = vox) and the position in the x direction can be
determined by:
x = xo + (vox) t
Why is ax equal to zero (what assumption must be made if
the movement is through the air)?
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS: VERTICAL MOTION
Since the positive y-axis is directed upward, ay = – g.

Application of the constant acceleration equations yields:
vy = voy – g t
y = yo + (voy) t – ½ g t2
vy2 = voy2 – 2 g (y – yo)
For any given problem, only two of these three equations

can be used. Why?

EXAMPLE I
Given: vA and θ
Find: Horizontal distance it
travels and vC.
Plan: Apply the kinematic
relations in x- and y-
directions.
Solution: Using vAx = 10 cos 30 and vAy = 10 sin 30
We can write vx = 10 cos 30

vy = 10 sin 30 – (9.81) t
x = (10 cos 30) t
y = (10 sin 30) t – ½ (9.81) t2
Since y = 0 at C
0 = (10 sin 30) t – ½ (9.81) t2  t = 0, 1.019 s
EXAMPLE I (continued)
Only the time of 1.019 s makes sense!
Velocity components at C are;

vCx = 10 cos 30
= 8.66 m/s 
vCy = 10 sin 30 – (9.81) (1.019)

= -5 m/s = 5 m/s 
vC = 8.662 + (−5)2 =10 m/s

Horizontal distance the ball travels is;
x = (10 cos 30) t
x = (10 cos 30) 1.019 = 8.83 m
EXAMPLE II
Given: Projectile is fired with vA=150 m/s

at point A.
Find: The horizontal distance it travels

(R) and the time in the air.
Plan: How will you proceed?

EXAMPLE II
Given: Projectile is fired with vA=150 m/s

at point A.
Find: The horizontal distance it travels

(R) and the time in the air.
Plan: Establish a fixed x, y coordinate system (in this solution,

the origin of the coordinate system is placed at A).
Apply the kinematic relations in x- and y-directions.

EXAMPLE II (continued)
Solution:
1) Place the coordinate system at point A.
Then, write the equation for horizontal motion.
+  xB = xA + vAx tAB
where xB = R, xA = 0, vAx = 150 (4/5) m/s
Range, R, will be R = 120 tAB
2) Now write a vertical motion equation. Use the distance equation.

+ yB = yA + vAy tAB – 0.5 g tAB2
where yB = – 150, yA = 0, and vAy = 150(3/5) m/s
We get the following equation: –150 = 90 tAB + 0.5 (– 9.81) tAB2
Solving for tAB first, tAB = 19.89 s.

Then, R = 120 tAB = 120 (19.89) = 2387 m
CONCEPT QUIZ
1. In a projectile motion problem, what is the maximum

number of unknowns that can be solved?
A) 1 B) 2
C) 3 D) 4
2. The time of flight of a projectile, fired over level ground,

with initial velocity Vo at angle θ, is equal to?
A) (vo sin q)/g B) (2vo sin q)/g
C) (vo cos q)/g D) (2vo cos q)/g

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING I
y Given: A skier leaves the ski

x jump ramp at qA = 25o
and hits the slope at B.
Find: The skier’s initial speed vA.
Plan:

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING I
y Given: A skier leaves the ski

x jump ramp at qA = 25o
and hits the slope at B.
Find: The skier’s initial speed vA.
Plan: Establish a fixed x,y coordinate system (in this solution,


GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING I (continued)
Solution:
Motion in x-direction:
Using xB = xA + vox(tAB)  (4/5)100 = 0 + vA (cos 25) tAB
tAB= 80 88.27
=
vA (cos 25) vA
Motion in y-direction:
Using yB = yA + voy(tAB) – ½ g(tAB)2
88.27 88.27 }2
– 64 = 0 + vA(sin 25) { } – ½ (9.81) {
vA vA
vA = 19.42 m/s
tAB= (88.27 / 19.42) = 4.54 s
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING II
Given: The golf ball is struck

with a velocity of 24
m/s as shown.
y Find: Distance d to where it
x will land.
Plan:

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING II
Given: The golf ball is struck

with a velocity of 24
m/s as shown.
y Find: Distance d to where it
x will land.
Plan: Establish a fixed x, y coordinate system (in this solution,


GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING II (continued)
Solution:
Motion in x-direction:
Using xB = xA + vox(tAB)
y
 d cos10 = 0 + 24 (cos 55) tAB
x
tAB = 0.07154 d
Motion in y-direction:
Using yB = yA + voy(tAB) – ½ g(tAB)2
 d sin10 = 0 + 24(sin 55)(0.07154 d) – ½ (9.81) (0.07154 d)2
 0 = 1.2328 d – 0.025104 d2
d = 0, 49.1 m Only the non-zero answer is meaningful.
ATTENTION QUIZ
1. A projectile is given an initial velocity

vo at an angle f above the horizontal.
The velocity of the projectile when it
hits the slope is ____________ the
initial velocity vo.
A) less than B) equal to

C) greater than D) None of the above.
2. A particle has an initial velocity vo at angle f with respect to the

horizontal. The maximum height it can reach is when
A) f = 30° B) f = 45°
C) f = 60° D) f = 90°


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MOTION OF A PROJECTILE

1. The downward acceleration of an object in free-flight

2. The horizontal component of velocity remains _________

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

A good kicker instinctively knows at what angle, q, and initial

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

A basketball is shot at a certain angle. What parameters should

Distance, speed, the basket location, … anything else?

A firefighter needs to know the maximum height on the wall

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Projectile motion can be treated as two rectilinear

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

For illustration, consider the two balls on

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Since ax = 0, the velocity in the horizontal direction remains

Since the positive y-axis is directed upward, ay = – g.

vy2 = voy2 – 2 g (y – yo)

For any given problem, only two of these three equations

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

We can write vx = 10 cos 30

Only the time of 1.019 s makes sense!

Velocity components at C are;

vCy = 10 sin 30 – (9.81) (1.019)

vC = 8.662 + (−5)2 =10 m/s

Given: Projectile is fired with vA=150 m/s

Find: The horizontal distance it travels

Plan: How will you proceed?

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Given: Projectile is fired with vA=150 m/s

Find: The horizontal distance it travels

Plan: Establish a fixed x, y coordinate system (in this solution,

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Range, R, will be R = 120 tAB

2) Now write a vertical motion equation. Use the distance equation.

Solving for tAB first, tAB = 19.89 s.

1. In a projectile motion problem, what is the maximum

2. The time of flight of a projectile, fired over level ground,

A) (vo sin q)/g B) (2vo sin q)/g

C) (vo cos q)/g D) (2vo cos q)/g

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

y Given: A skier leaves the ski

Find: The skier’s initial speed vA.

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

y Given: A skier leaves the ski

Find: The skier’s initial speed vA.

Plan: Establish a fixed x,y coordinate system (in this solution,

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Given: The golf ball is struck

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

Given: The golf ball is struck

Plan: Establish a fixed x, y coordinate system (in this solution,

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

1. A projectile is given an initial velocity

A) less than B) equal to

2. A particle has an initial velocity vo at angle f with respect to the

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

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