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Projectile Motion: Engr. Cynthia V Plaza Instructor

This document discusses projectile motion and provides examples of calculating projectile motion. It begins by stating the learning objectives which are to analyze and calculate projectile motion, including range, time of flight, maximum height, impact velocity, and trajectory. It then defines projectile motion, describes the independent horizontal and vertical motions, and provides the kinematic equations for motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Several example problems are worked through, calculating values like time of flight, velocity, displacement, and trajectory for various projectile scenarios like fireworks, tennis balls, and golf shots. Graphs and diagrams are included to illustrate the projectile motions.

Uploaded by

Cynthia Plaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views

Projectile Motion: Engr. Cynthia V Plaza Instructor

This document discusses projectile motion and provides examples of calculating projectile motion. It begins by stating the learning objectives which are to analyze and calculate projectile motion, including range, time of flight, maximum height, impact velocity, and trajectory. It then defines projectile motion, describes the independent horizontal and vertical motions, and provides the kinematic equations for motion with constant acceleration due to gravity. Several example problems are worked through, calculating values like time of flight, velocity, displacement, and trajectory for various projectile scenarios like fireworks, tennis balls, and golf shots. Graphs and diagrams are included to illustrate the projectile motions.

Uploaded by

Cynthia Plaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECTILE

MOTION
Engr. Cynthia V Plaza
Instructor

1
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, students will able to;
 Use one-dimensional motion in perpendicular
directions to analyze projectile motion
 Calculate the range, time of flight, and maximum
height of a projectile that is launched and
impacts a flat, horizontal surface
 Find the time of flight and impact velocity of a
projectile that lands at a different height from
that of launch
 Calculate the trajectory of a projectile
2
Projectile Motion
 Projectile motion is the motion of an object into the air,
subject only to acceleration as a result of gravity
 Motions along perpendicular axes are independent

3
Projectile Motion
• Describe
  projectile motions in terms of velocity and
acceleration, as well displacement

 Defining the positive direction to be upward, the


components of acceleration are then define as the ff:

 Because gravity is vertical, . This means that the initial


velocity in the x direction is equal to the final velocity in the
x-direction, or

 Applies the Kinematic Equations for Motions with Constant


Acceleration
4
Motion with Constant Acceleration
• The
  kinematic equations for motions in a uniform
gravitational field become kinematic equations with:

5
Problem-Solving Strategy: Projectile Motion
•   Resolve the motion into horizontal and vertical
1.
components along the x-and-y axes. The magnitudes of the
components of displacement along these axes are x and y.
The magnitude components of velocity are and where v
is the magnitude of the velocity and is its direction relative
to the horizontal.
2. Treat the motion as two independent one-dimensional
motions. Use the kinematic equations for horizontal and
vertical motion
3. Solve for the unknowns in the two separate motions
4. Recombine quantities in the horizontal and vertical to find
the total displacement and velocity.

6
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away
•   a fireworks display, a shell is shot into the air with an
During
initial speed of 70.0 m/s at an angle of 75.0 above the
horizontal as illustrated. The fuse is timed to ignite the shell as
it reaches its highest point above the ground.
a) Calculate the height at which the shell explodes
b) How much time passes between the launch of the shell
and the explosion?
c) What is the horizontal displacement of the shell when it
explodes?
d) What is the total displacement from the point of launch to
the highest point?

7
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away

8
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away
•  
SOLUTION
a) By the height we mean the altitude or vertical position y
above the starting point;

Solving for y: (working Equation)


The component of the initial velocity in the y direction:

Thus, y is:

9
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away
•  
SOLUTION
b) Solving for the time the projectile reaches its highest
point: where time, t:

Another method of finding the time is by using:

10
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away
•  
SOLUTION
c) Because air resistance negligible, ax = 0 and the horizontal
velocity is constant, the horizontal displacement is the
horizontal velocity multiplied by time:
x = x0 + vxt;
Where,
vx = v0 cos = (70) cos (75
Therefore,

11
Example 1.0 A Fireworks Projectile Explodes High
and Away

SOLUTION
d) Finding the magnitude and direction of the displacement
at the highest point:

12
Example 2.0 Calculating Projectile Motion: Tennis Player
•  
A tennis player wins a match at Arthur Ashe stadium and hits a ball into the
stands at 30 m/s and at an angle 45 above the horizontal. On its way down,
the ball is caught by a spectator 10m above the point where the ball was hit.
a) Calculate the time it takes the tennis ball to reach the spectator
b) What are the magnitude and direction of the ball’s velocity at impact?

13
Example 2.0 Calculating Projectile Motion: Tennis Player
•  
SOLUTION
a) While the ball is in the air, it rises and then falls to a final
position 10.0m higher than its starting altitude. Using
equation: to solve for time, t.

When y0 = 0, then final position y = 10m and v0;

Substituting values to the displacement equation for y:

14
Example 2.0 Calculating Projectile Motion: Tennis Player
•  
SOLUTION
b) We can find the final horizontal and vertical velocities vx
and vy with the use of the result from (a).

The magnitude of the final velocity, is:

The direction is found using the inverse tangent:

15
Time of Flight, Trajectory, and Range
 Time of Flight by taking the position and
displacement in y to be zero at launch and at impact
on an even surface; or by setting the displacement in
y equal to zero:

16
Time of Flight, Trajectory, and Range
 The trajectory of a projectile can be found by eliminating the
time variable t from the kinematic equations for arbitrary t and
solving for y(x).
 Taking x0 = y0 = 0 so the projectile is launched from the origin.
The kinematic equations for x gives:

17
Time of Flight, Trajectory, and Range
• Range,
  or the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile.

Using trigonometric identity and setting x = R for range, we


find:

18
Example 3.0 Comparing Golf Shots
• golfer
A   finds himself in two different situations on different
holes. On the second hole he is 120m from the green and
wants to hit the ball 90m and let it run onto the green. He
angles the shot low to the ground at 30 to the horizontal to let
the call roll after impact. On the fourth hole he is 90m from
the green and wants to let the ball drop with a minimum
amount of rolling after impact. Here, he angles the shot at 70
to the horizontal to minimize rolling after impact. Both shots
are hit and impacted on a level surface.
a) What is the initial speed of the ball at the second hole?
b) What is the initial speed of the ball at the fourth hole?
c) Write the trajectory equation for both cases.
d) Graph the trajectories.
19
Example 3.0 Comparing Golf Shots

20
Example 3.0 Comparing Golf Shots

21

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