Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
91 views

Light Introduction Presentation

1. Light is electromagnetic radiation that is detectable by the human eye with wavelengths between 380-740 nanometers. 2. Early theories proposed light to be particles (Newton) or waves (Huygens) but it exhibits properties of both. Maxwell's equations unified electricity, magnetism and light as electromagnetic waves. 3. Key properties of light waves include wavelength, frequency, and amplitude while reflection and refraction demonstrate its particle-like behavior.

Uploaded by

Aia Smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
91 views

Light Introduction Presentation

1. Light is electromagnetic radiation that is detectable by the human eye with wavelengths between 380-740 nanometers. 2. Early theories proposed light to be particles (Newton) or waves (Huygens) but it exhibits properties of both. Maxwell's equations unified electricity, magnetism and light as electromagnetic waves. 3. Key properties of light waves include wavelength, frequency, and amplitude while reflection and refraction demonstrate its particle-like behavior.

Uploaded by

Aia Smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 57

Introduction

to Light
Learning Competencies:
1.Narrates Maxwell’s line of reasoning in
linking EM to light. STEM_GP12OPT-IVb-
10
2.Narrates the story behind Hertz’s
experiments. STEM_GP12OPT-IVb-11
3.Relates the properties of EM wave
(wavelength, frequency, speed) and the
properties of vacuum and optical medium
(permittivity, permeability, and index of
refraction). STEM_GP12OPT-IVb-12
Physics has a great deal of trouble
explaining the intensity or strength of
light using waves. This is where the
deal theory of light as a particle takes
effect. The intensity of light is easily
explained but considering a larger
number of photons being produced
and reaching your eye creates a
“brighter” sensation.
Different substances such as air
or water, block different
wavelengths and frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic Theory
• James Maxwell improved Huygens’
theory of waves.
• Predicted that accelerating electric
charges will emit electric and magnetic
waves (electromagnetic) that require
no medium in order to interact.
Electromagnetic Theory
Electromagnetic Theory
Electromagnetic Theory
• The existence of electromagnetic
waves was later proven by Heinrich
Hertz, who theorized that light
waves are of a narrow band of
frequencies in the electromagnetic
wave spectrum.
Air and it’s effect on solar radiation.
Height.

Image: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech

Surface of the Earth


Wave-Particle
Duality
Principle of Complementarity:
•Neil Bohr proposed this principle to
summarize wave-particle duality •
Fundamental principle of quantum
mechanics.
•States that objects have complementary
properties that cannot simultaneously be
measured with accuracy.
Wave-Particle
Duality
The Planck-Einstein Relation:
• The equation for the energy of a
photon shows the relationship between
the two theories.
Wave-Particle
Duality
• Proof of wave-particle
duality was determined by
the Double Slit Experiment
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
What is
light ?
Light is electromagnetic
radiation of a specific
wavelength and frequency
that is detectable by the
human eye.
History of light
• Newton’s Particle Model:
• Newton proposed that light is made
up of extremely small particles that
travel extremely fast
• Ex. Reflection, Refraction,
Dispersion
Newton’s Particle Model
• Reflection: The angle of
incidence is equal to angle of
reflection.
• Observed when a particle
collided with a surface.
• Ex. Ball thrown against wall
∠Incidence = ∠Reflection
ϴi= ϴr
Newton’s Particle Model
• Refraction: Light bends when travelling
from one medium to the next.
• Theorized this was due to the attraction
of particles to the molecules of the
medium.
• Implied that light travels faster in water
than in air, which was disproved in 1850
when the speed of light in water was first
measured.
Newton’s Particle Model
• Dispersion: The separation of light into its
different colors (ROYGBV).
• Theorized different colors of light were
different sized particles, smaller ones
deflected the farther than larger ones.
• However, Newton’s particle theory was
unable to accurately explain all properties of
light.
Huygens’ Wave Model
• Huygens proposed that light is actually
comprised of waves.
• Theorized that space is filled with an ether to
provide the medium for light waves.
• Theory gained support because it’s able to
explain various properties of light, some which
Newton’s theory cannot.
• Ex. Refraction, Diffraction, Interference
Huygens’ Wave Model
• Refraction:
• Observed that water waves bend toward
the normal when traveling from deep
water to shallow water, likewise with
light as it travels from air to water.
• Theory implied that light travels slower
in water than in air
Huygens’ Wave Model
• Diffraction:
• The bending of waves as a result of encountering an
obstacle or passing through a narrow opening.
• Can result in an interference pattern.
• Interference: The interaction of waves within a
medium.
• The crest of one wave meets the trough of another
they will cancel out (destructive).
• Two crests or two troughs coincide, they will build a
stronger wave (constructive).
What is a wavelength?
A wavelength is the
distance between the
points where a wave
repeats itself.
Electromagnetic radiation,
Light wave.
Wavelength
Wavelength
Wavelength
Wavelength Wavelength Wavele
Light has a wavelength of
between 380 and 740
Nanometres.
That’s 0.000038 cm and
0.000074 cm

A human hair is approximately


0.007 cm thick
That means, you will need
over 18,000 wavelengths
of light to make one
centimetre or 140
wavelengths to cross a
single hair.
What is frequency ?
Frequency is the number of
wavelengths that pass in a unit
of time, which in this case is
one second.
We call this unit of
measurement Hertz.
1 Second

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 Hertz
(9 wavelengths per second)

Frequency
1 Second

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 Hertz
(9 wavelengths per second)

1 2 3 4
4 Hertz
(4 wavelengths per second)

Frequency
What is amplitude ?
Amplitude is the
height of the wave.
Amplitude
How do we draw light in
science diagrams?
Light travels in a straight
path, so we represent it
using a single line or ray,
with an arrow at the end
showing the direction the
light is travelling.
Light travels in a straight path,
so we represent it using a
single line or ray, with an
arrow at the end showing the
direction the light is travelling.
Light on earth can be reflected
or refracted but cannot be
curved or bent.

Reflection
Light on earth can be reflected
or refracted but cannot be
curved or bent.

Refraction
Light on earth can be reflected
or refracted but cannot be
curved or bent.
Whenever you are drawing a
light ray, use your ruler to
make sure your line is straight.

You might also like