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    Sintesis Protein

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    Nur Fadilah
    The document discusses protein synthesis (also called protein biosynthesis), which involves the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids that assemble into proteins. This relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. The document then provides more details about the multi-step processes of transcription and translation.

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    Sintesis Protein

    Uploaded by

    Nur Fadilah
    122 views46 pages
    The document discusses protein synthesis (also called protein biosynthesis), which involves the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids that assemble into proteins. This relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. The document then provides more details about the multi-step processes of transcription and translation.

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    The document discusses protein synthesis (also called protein biosynthesis), which involves the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids that assemble into proteins. This relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. The document then provides more details about the multi-step processes of transcription and translation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    122 views46 pages

    Sintesis Protein

    Uploaded by

    Nur Fadilah
    The document discusses protein synthesis (also called protein biosynthesis), which involves the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into amino acids that assemble into proteins. This relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. The document then provides more details about the multi-step processes of transcription and translation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SINTESIS PROTEIN

    Apt. Ganea Qorry Aina, M.Pharm.Sci


    • Dalam biologi molekuler, sintesis protein (disebut juga biosintesis
    protein) adalah proses pembentukan partikel protein yang di
    dalamnya melibatkan sintesis RNA yang dipengaruhi oleh DNA.
    • Dalam proses sintesis protein, molekul DNA adalah sumber
    pengodean asam nukleat untuk menjadi asam amino yang menyusun
    protein, tetapi tidak terlibat secara langsung dalam prosesnya.
    • Molekul DNA pada suatu sel ditranskripsi menjadi molekul
    RNA. Molekul RNA inilah yang ditranslasi menjadi asam amino
    sebagai penyusun protein. Dengan demikian, molekul RNA yang
    terlibat secara langsung dalam proses sintesis protein.
    • Hubungan antara molekul DNA, RNA, dan asam amino dalam proses
    pembentukan protein dikenal dengan istilah "dogma sentral biologi
    molekuler" yang dijabarkan dengan rangkaian proses DNA membuat
    RNA lalu RNA membuat protein dan dinyatakan dalam persamaan
    DNA >> RNA >> Protein
    eukaryote prokaryote
    Coupled transcription translation is not possible Coupled transcription translation is the rule
    Occurs in nucleus Occurs in the cytoplasm
    Take place in the G1 and G2 phases of cell cycle There is no definite phase for its occurence
    The RNA polymerases I. II and III synthesizes mRNA, tRNA, A single RNA polymerase synthesizes all the three types of
    rRNA respectively RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
    Building a protein is like building a house…
    • The blueprint is copied and the copy is brought to the work site.
    Workers bring the correct materials to the work site and set them up
    according to the information in the blueprint. Builders put everything
    together building the house.
    • An mRNA copy is made of DNA and the mRNA travels to the
    ribosome. The tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome
    and lines them up according to the information in the mRNA. The
    rRNA puts the amino acids together forming the protein.
    The Genetic Code – How does an mRNA molecule
    “tell” a cell what amino acids to use and where to
    put them?
    • The mRNA instructions are called the genetic code
    • The genetic code is read 3 bases at a time
    • Each 3-base sequence is equivalent to 1 amino acid
    • Codon – A 3-base sequence of mRNA that specifies a single amino
    acid in the protein chain
    The Genetic Code -
    Example

    mRNA sequence UGGUUUGGCUCA has


    4 codons and is read like this:
    UGG-UUU-GGC-UCA
    Each codon stands for a specific amino
    acid
    UGG = tryptophan
    UUU = phenylalanine
    GGC = glycine
    UCA = serine
    The polypeptide created from that
    mRNA sequence would look like this:
    tryptophan– phenylalanine – glycine -
    serine
    Terdapat 64 jenis
    kodon spesifik
    yang menyandi 20
    asam amino
    Transcription – A closer look
    • In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus, in two steps:
    1. RNA polymerase “unzips” DNA at the correct location
    2. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA to form a complementary
    mRNA molecule
     DNA: AGCGTGCCA
     mRNA: U C G C A C G G U
    • mRNA can travel to a ribosome where the protein can be assembled
    • Transcription is like finding the recipe you want in a cookbook and
    copying it down onto a single sheet of paper – the copied recipe can
    then be brought to the kitchen
    Transcription – DNA “unzips”
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Transcription – mRNA is made
    Translation – 5 Steps
    1. mRNA attaches to ribosome – translation begins at AUG, the “start”
    codon
    2. Two complementary tRNA molecules carrying amino acids bond with the
    first two mRNA codons
    3. The ribosome bonds the amino acids together, and breaks the bonds
    between the tRNA molecules an amino acids
    4. The first tRNA is released and the ribosome moves down the mRNA to the
    3rd codon, where another complementary tRNA brings in a 3rd amino acid
    which is bonded to the first two
    5. The ribosome continues down the mRNA in this way until a “stop” codon
    is reached and the finished protein is released
    Translation – ribosome attaches to mRNA
    molecule
    Translation – translation begins at AUG, the
    “start” codon
    Translation – tRNA anticodons bond with
    complementary mRNA codons
    Translation - 2 complementary tRNA molecules carrying
    amino acids bond with the first 2 mRNA codons
    Translation – the ribosome bonds the 2 amino acids together,
    breaks the bond between the first tRNA and its amino acid,
    and brings in a 3rd tRNA
    Translation – the first tRNA is released, ribosome bonds the 2nd
    and 3rd amino acids together and breaks bond between 2nd
    tRNA and its amino acid
    Translation – ribosome moves down the
    mRNA one codon
    Translation – a 4th tRNA bonds with the 4th mRNA codon,
    bringing in another amino acid to add to the growing
    polypeptide chain
    Translation – the 2nd tRNA is released, the
    3rd and 4th amino acids are bonded together
    Translation – ribosome moves down the
    mRNA one codon
    Translation – ribosome continues down the mRNA in this way
    until a “stop” codon is reached and the finished protein is
    released
    How To
    Transcribe
    DNA: mRNA:

    A U
    T A
    C G
    G C
    How To Transcribe – Example 1
    •DNA: TAC TCA CGC ATC
    •mRNA: AUG AGU GCG UAG
    How to Translate

    • Every 3 mRNA bases


    together stand for 1
    amino acid in the protein
    chain – these pieces of
    mRNA are called codons
    • Use the amino acid chart
    to figure out which
    amino acid each codon
    stands for
    How to Translate – Example 1

    • mRNA: AUG AGU GCG UAG


    • AUG = Met (start codon)
    • AGU = Ser
    • GCG = Ala
    • UAG = STOP
    • Protein: Met-Ser-Ala-STOP
    Transcribe and Translate –Example 2

    DNA : TAC TGA ATA CCT CAA GGA GGC ACC TGG ACT

    mRNA: AUG ACU UAU GGA GUU CCU CCG UGG ACC UGA

    Protein: Met-Thr-Tyr-Gly-Val-Pro-Pro-Trp-Thr-Stop
    Transcribe and Translate –Example 3

    DNA : TAC AAA GGA CGA GTA GTT TAA GCA AGA ATT

    mRNA: AUG UUU CCU GCU CAU CAA AUU CGU UCU UAA

    Protein: Met-Phe-Pro-Ala-His-Glu-Ile-Arg-Ser-Stop
    The bottom line about DNA…
    • No DNA = No Protein = No Cells = No Life
    • Reproduction is all about passing DNA from one cell to another and
    from one generation of organisms to the next

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