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Python Notes-2024

This document provides an introduction to Python programming including: 1. Reasons to use Python such as for programming, development, and machine learning. 2. How to install Python and code editors. 3. Examples of basic Python code including variables, data types, arithmetic operators, strings, lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries, conditionals, loops, and functions. 4. Descriptions and examples of key Python concepts like modules, input/output, comments, and exceptions. 5. Pointers to additional learning resources for Python.

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Nick
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6K views

Python Notes-2024

This document provides an introduction to Python programming including: 1. Reasons to use Python such as for programming, development, and machine learning. 2. How to install Python and code editors. 3. Examples of basic Python code including variables, data types, arithmetic operators, strings, lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries, conditionals, loops, and functions. 4. Descriptions and examples of key Python concepts like modules, input/output, comments, and exceptions. 5. Pointers to additional learning resources for Python.

Uploaded by

Nick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Notes

This video has been made with a lot of love & I hope you guys have an amazŤng programmŤng journey :)

Why to Use Python?


Python can be used for :
1. Programming (for Placements/online contests/DSA)
2. Development (using a backend framework called Django)
3. Machine Learning / Data Science / Artificial Intelligence

What to Install?
1. Python (https://www.python.org/)
2. PyScripter (https://rb.gy/bvnn69 )
3. PyCharm (https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/)

Our First Python Program


print("Hello World")

A Key Point to know about Python


- It is a case sensitive language

Variables

Basic Types in Python - numbers(integers, floating), boolean, strings

Example 1 :
name = "rohan"
age = 21
print(name)
print(age)

Example 2 :
name = "rohan"
age = 21
name = "neha"
age = 24
print(name)
print(age)

Example 3 :
first_name = "rohan"
last_name = "patil"
age = 19
is_adult = True

print(first_name + " " + last_name)


print(age)
print(is_adult)

Exercise Solution
first_name ="Akash"
last_name = "patil"
age = 52
is_genius = True

Taking Input
name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello " + name)
print("Welcome to our 100 days coding challenges")

> Exercise Solution


superhero = input("What is your superhero name? ")
\
print(superhero)

Type Conversion
old_age = input("Enter your age : ")
#new_age = old_age + 2
#print(new_age)

new_age = int(old_age) + 2
print(new_age)

#Useful converion functions


# 1. float()
# 2. bool()
# 3. str()
# 4. int()

> Code for Sum of 2 Numbers


first_number = input("Enter 1st number : ")
second_number = input("Enter 2nd number : ")
sum = float(first_number) +
float(second_number)

print("the sum is : " + str(sum))

Strings

name = "Tony Stark"


print(name.upper())
print(name)

print(name.lower())
print(name)

print(name.find('y'))
print(name.find('Y'))
print(name.find("Stark"))
print(name.find("stark"))

print(name.replace("Tony Stark", "Ironman"))


print(name)

#to check if a character/string is part of the main string


print("Stark" in name)
print("S" in name)
print("s" in name)

Arithmetic Operators
print(5 + 2)
print(5 - 2)
print(5 * 2)
print(5 / 2)
print( 5 // 2)
print(5 % 2)
print(5 ** 2)

i = 5
i = i + 2
i += 2
i -= 2
i *= 2
Operator Precedence

result = 3 + 5 * 2 # 16 or 13 ?
print(result)

Comments
# This is a comment & useful for people reading your code
# This is another line

Comparison Operators
is_greater = 1 > 5
is_lesser = 1 < 5
# 1 <= 5
# 1 >= 5
is_not_equal = 1 != 5
is_equal = 1 == 5

Logical Operators
#or -> (atleast one is true)
# and -> (both are true)
# not -> (reverses any value)

number = 2
print(number > 3)
print(number < 3)
print(not number >3)
print(not number <3)

print(number > 3 and number >1)


print(number > 3 or number > 1)

If statements
age = 13

if age >= 18:


print("you are an adult")
print("you canvote")
elif age < 3:
print("you are achild")
else:
print("you are inschool")
print("thank you")

Let’s build a Calculator


#Our Calculator

first = input("Enter first number : ")


second = input("Enter second number :")
first = int(first)
second = int(second)
print("----press keys for operator (+,-,*,/,%)------------")
operator = input("Enter operator : ")

if operator == "+":
print(first +second)
elif operator == "-":
print(first -second)
elif operator == "*":
print(first *second)
elif operator == "/":
print(first /second)
elif operator == "%":
print(first %second)
else:
print("Invalid Operation")

Range in Python
range() function returns a range object that is a sequence of numbers.

numbers = range(5)
print(numbers)

For iteration (see For Loop section)

While Loop
i = 1
while(i <= 5):
print(i)
i = i + 1

i = 1
while(i <= 5):
print(i * "*")
i = i + 1

i = 5
while(i >= 1):
print(i * "*")
i = i - 1

For Loop (to iterate over a list)


for i in range(5):
print(i)
i = i + 1

for i in range(5):
print(i * "*")
i = i + 1

Lists
List is a complex type in Python.
friends = ["raj", "rohan", "sai"]
print(friends[0])
print(friends[1])
print(friends[-1)
print(friends[-2)

friends[0] ="rohan"
print(friends)
print(friends[0:2]) #returns a new

list for friend in friends:

print(friend)

List Methods :
marks = ["english", 95, "chemistry",98]
marks.append("physics")
marks.append(97)
print(marks)

marks.insert(0,"math")
marks.insert(1, 99)
print(marks)

print("math" in marks)

print(len(marks)/2)
marks.clear()
print(marks)

i = 0
while i < len(marks):
print(marks[i])
print(marks[i+1])
i = i + 2

Break & Continue


students = ["ram", "shyam", "kishan", "radha", "radhika"]
for student in students:
if(student == "radha"):
break
print(student)

for student in students:


if(student == "kishan"):
continue
print(student)

Tuples
They are like lists (sequence of objects) but they are immutable i.e. once they have been
defined we cannot change them.
Parenthesis in tuples are optional.
marks = (95, 98, 97, 97)
#marks[0] = 98

print(marks.count(97))
print(marks.index(97))

Sets
Sets are a collection of all unique
elements. Indexing is not supported in
sets.
marks = {98, 97, 95, 95}
print(marks)

for score in marks:


print(score)

Dictionary
Dictionary is an unordered collection of Items. Dictionary stores a (key, value) pair.
marks = {"math" : 99, "chemistry" : 98, "physics": 97}
print(marks)
print(marks["chemistry"])

marks["english"] = 95
print(marks)

marks["math"] = 96
print(marks)

Functions in Python
Function is a piece of code that performs some task. (In a tv remote, each
button performs a functions, so a function is like that button in code)
There are 3 types of functions in Java :
a. In-built functions
# int() str() float() min() range() max()
b. Module functions
Module is a file that contains some functions & variables which can be imported
for use in other files.
Each module should contain some related tasks
Example : math, random, string

import math
print(dir(math)

import random
print(dir(random)

import string
print(dir(string)

from math import


sqrtprint(sqrt(4))

c. User-defined functions

Some additional Links :


● https://rb.gy/gjpmwg (A Python GUI)
● https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
● https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html
● https://realpython.com/

Some useful Modules

● https://github.com/Embarcadero/DelphiFMX4Python
● https://github.com/Embarcadero/DelphiVCL4Python

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