TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

P B P
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
H H B
H H B
cosec θ = sec θ = cot θ =
P B P
1 1 1
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
cosec θ sec θ cot θ

1 1 1
cosec θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ

sin θ × cosec θ = 1 cos θ × sec θ = 1 tan θ × cot θ = 1

sin θ = tan θ × cos θ cos θ = cot θ × sin θ

sin θ cos θ
tan θ = cot θ =
cos θ sin θ

sin2 θ = 1 − cos2 θ sin θ = √1 − cos 2 θ

2 2
1. sin θ + cos θ = 1
cos 2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ cos θ = √1 − sin2 θ

sec 2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ sec θ = √1 + tan2 θ

2 2
2. sec θ − tan θ = 1
tan2 θ = sec 2 θ − 1 tan θ = √sec 2 θ − 1

cosec 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ cosec θ = √1 + cot 2 θ

2 2
3. cosec θ − cot θ = 1
cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ − 1 cot θ = √cosec 2 θ − 1

sin(−θ) = − sin θ cos(−θ) = cos θ tan(−θ) = − tan θ

cosec(−θ) = − cosec θ sec(−θ) = sec θ cot(−θ) = cot θ

 MEASUREMENT OF ANGLE
SEXAGESIMAL SYSTEM

1 right angle = 90°

1° = 60′ (60 minutes)
1′ = 60′′ (60 seconds)

CENTESIMAL SYSTEM

1 right angle =100 grades (100g )

1 grade=100 minutes
1 minutes=100 seconds

CIRCULAR SYSTEM

180° = πc or π radian
𝜋
1° = radian
180
°
180° 180
1 radian = = ( × 22) = 57°16′ 22′′ (approx)
𝜋 7

Relation Among Sexagesimal, Centesimal and Circular System

D G 2R
= =
90 100 π
 TRIGONOMETRIC VALUE

30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°

Or Or Or Or Or Or Or
0°
π π π π π 3π 2π
6 4 3 2 2

1 1 √3
sin 0 1 0 −1 0
2 √2 2

√3 1 1
cos 1 0 −1 0 1
2 √2 2

1 Not Not
tan 0 1 √3 0 0
√3 Define Define

Not 2 Not Not

cosec 2 √2 1 −1
Define √3 Define Define

2 Not Not
sec 1 √2 2 −1 1
√3 Define Define

Not 1 Not Not

cot √3 1 0 0
Define √3 Define Define

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLE

1. sin(90° − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃

2. cos(90° − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃

3. tan(90° − 𝜃) = cot 𝜃

4. cosec(90° − 𝜃) = sec 𝜃

5. sec(90° − 𝜃) = cosec 𝜃

6. cot(90° − 𝜃) = tan 𝜃
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO OF COMPOUND ANGLE

1. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

2. sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

3. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

4. cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

5. tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

6. tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵
tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

7. cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 − 1
cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
cot 𝐵 + cot 𝐴

8. cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 + 1
cot(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
cot 𝐵 − cot 𝐴

9. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) . sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴

10. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) . cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴

11. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶

12. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 cos 𝐶

13. tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵 + tan 𝐶 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶

tan(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) =
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 − tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶 − tan 𝐶 tan 𝐴
 TRANSFORMATION FORMULA
1. 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)

2. 2 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) − sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)

3. 2 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)

4. 2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 = cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)

If 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝑪 and 𝑨 − 𝑩 = 𝑫

Then

𝑪+𝑫 𝑪−𝑫
𝑨= ,𝑩 =
𝟐 𝟐

𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
5. sin 𝐶 + sin 𝐷 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2

𝐶−𝐷 𝐶+𝐷
6. sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐷 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2

𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
7. cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐷 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2

𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
8. cos 𝐶 − cos 𝐷 = −2 sin ( 2
) sin (
2
)

or

𝐶+𝐷 𝐷−𝐶
= 2 sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF MULTIPLE AND SUBMULTIPLE ANGLE

MULTIPLE ANGLE :-

1. sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

1 + cos 2A
cos 2A = 2cos 2 A − 1 1 + cos 2A = 2cos2 A cos A = √
2
2. cos 2A = cos 2 A − sin2 A
1 − cos 2A
cos 2A = 1 − 2sin2 A 1 − cos 2A = 2sin2 A sin A = √
2

2 tan A
3. tan 2A =
1 − tan2 A

2 tan A
4. sin 2A =
1 + tan2 A

1 − tan2 A
5. cos 2A =
1 + tan2 A

1 − cos 2𝐴 1 − cos 2𝐴
6. tan 𝐴 = √ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴
1 + cos 2𝐴 1 + cos 2𝐴

7. sin 3A = 3 sin A − 4sin3 A

8. cos 3A = 4cos3 A − 3 cos A

3 tan A − tan3 A
9. tan 3A =
1 − 3tan2 A

10. sin 2𝑛 𝐴
cos 𝐴 cos 2𝐴 cos 22 𝐴 cos 23 𝐴 … cos 2𝑛−1 𝐴 =
2𝑛 sin 𝐴

1
11. sin 𝐴 sin(60° − 𝐴) sin(60° + 𝐴) = sin 3𝐴
4
1
12. cos 𝐴 cos(60° − 𝐴) cos(60° + 𝐴) = cos 3𝐴
4

−1 +1
13. sin 18° = √5 14. cos 36° = √5
4 4

√10 + 2√5 √10 − 2√5

15. cos 18° = 16. sin 36° =
4 4
SUB-MULTIPLE ANGLE

𝐴 𝐴
1. sin A = 2 sin cos
2 2

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 1 + cos A
cos A = 2cos2 −1 1 + cos A = 2cos2 cos =√
2 2 2 2
𝐴 𝐴
2. cos A = cos2 − sin2
2 2
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 1 − cos A
cos A = 1 − 2sin2 1 − cos A = 2sin2 sin =√
2 2 2 2

𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴 𝐴
3. tan =√ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
2 1 + cos 𝐴 1 + cos 𝐴 2

𝐴
2 tan 2
4. tan A =
𝐴
1 − tan2 2

𝐴
2 tan 2
5. sin A =
𝐴
1 + tan2 2

𝐴
1 − tan2
6. cos A = 2
𝐴
1 + tan2 2

3𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
7. sin = 3 sin − 4sin3
2 2 2
3𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
8. cos = 4cos3 − 3 cos
2 2 2
𝐴 3𝐴
3𝐴 3 tan 2 − tan 2
9. tan =
2 𝐴
1 − 3tan2 2