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    Conformal Mapping of A Surface Onto A Plane

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    Mark Jeric Ubias
    1. Convergence = departure x tan(latitude) / distance = 61,000 x tan(43°10') / 5280 = 1°10' 2. Corrected azimuth = observed azimuth + convergence = 136°43'20" + 1°10' = 137°53'20" Therefore, the corrected azimuth of line 120-121 referred to the meridian of sta. 1 is 137°53'20".

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    Conformal Mapping of A Surface Onto A Plane

    Uploaded by

    Mark Jeric Ubias
    21 views14 pages
    1. Convergence = departure x tan(latitude) / distance = 61,000 x tan(43°10') / 5280 = 1°10' 2. Corrected azimuth = observed azimuth + convergence = 136°43'20" + 1°10' = 137°53'20" Therefore, the corrected azimuth of line 120-121 referred to the meridian of sta. 1 is 137°53'20".

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    Conformal Mapping of a Surface onto a Plane

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    1. Convergence = departure x tan(latitude) / distance = 61,000 x tan(43°10') / 5280 = 1°10' 2. Corrected azimuth = observed azimuth + convergence = 136°43'20" + 1°10' = 137°53'20" Therefore, the corrected azimuth of line 120-121 referred to the meridian of sta. 1 is 137°53'20".

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views14 pages

    Conformal Mapping of A Surface Onto A Plane

    Uploaded by

    Mark Jeric Ubias
    1. Convergence = departure x tan(latitude) / distance = 61,000 x tan(43°10') / 5280 = 1°10' 2. Corrected azimuth = observed azimuth + convergence = 136°43'20" + 1°10' = 137°53'20" Therefore, the corrected azimuth of line 120-121 referred to the meridian of sta. 1 is 137°53'20".

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Conformal Mapping of a Surface onto a Plane

    MERIDIAN

    PARALLEL
    GEODETIC AZIMUTH – referred to the true
    meridian. All meridians converge at the poles.

    GRID AZIMUTH – referred to central meridian. All


    other meridians are parallel to the central
    meridian.
     The difference between the geodetic azimuth and
    grid azimuth
     A function of latitude and a function of the distance
    between the central meridian and the point
     The angle between the North-South grid-line and
    true north at any point

    Formulas:
    Geodetic Azimuth = Grid Azimuth + convergence
    Convergence(𝞪) ” = 𝞓𝞴” sin 𝞥mean
    Error in Grid Azimuth Computation (referred to a central meridian)
    1. Compute the convergency correction using the longitude of the
    central meridian.
    2. Compute the corrected grid azimuth using the astronomical
    azimuth and the angle of convergency.
    3. Compute the error by subtracting the measured grid azimuth
    from the corrected grid azimuth.
    Error in Grid Azimuth Computation (referred to a base meridian)
    1. Compute the convergency correction using the longitude of the
    base meridian.
    2. Compute the corrected grid azimuth using the astronomical
    azimuth and the angle of convergency.
    3. Compute the error by subtracting the measured grid azimuth
    from the corrected grid azimuth.
    Other problem variations:
    a. Referred to a base meridian (stations have different
    latitudes)
    ➢ Use the middle latitude (between stations) for the
    computation of convergency.
    ➢ 𝞪”=𝞓𝞴 sin middle latitude
    b. Given the departure distance from base meridian to the
    point of observation
    ➢ 𝞪”=32.38 tan latitude (for every km of departure)
     true north is the direction towards the North Pole,
     magnetic north is the direction a compass-needle
    points to, and
     grid north is the direction indicated by the vertical grid-
    lines on an Ordnance Survey map;
     magnetic declination tells you the direction of
    magnetic north, measured from true north, and
     convergence tells you the direction of grid north,
    measured from true north.
     Magnetic declination and the convergence can both
    be positive or negative
     Positive values are east of true north and negative
    values are west of true north
    magnetic grid variation = magnetic declination − convergence
    CONSTANTS TO REMEMBER:
    1 minute of arc = 6080 FT.
    1 nautical mile = 1 minute of arc
    1 INCH = 2.54 CM
     In the part of North London the
    magnetic declination is −2°25' and
    the convergence is +1°25': the
    magnetic grid variation here is
    therefore

    magnetic grid variation = magnetic declination − convergence


    magnetic grid variation = −2°25’ − 1°25’
    magnetic grid variation = −3°50’
     At sta. 1, the meridian is established by sighting on
    Polaris. From this station, a traverse is run north
    westerly to station 120. The total difference in latitude
    is 2400 ft. and the total departure is 61,000 ft W. The
    latitude of sta. 1 is 43°10’ N and observation is made
    on the sun for azimuth of line 120-121 and found to be
    136°43’20”. What is the corrected azimuth of line 120-
    121 to refer to the meridian of sta. 1?
    Given:
    difference in latitude = 2400 ft.
    departure = 61,000 ft W
    latitude of sta. 1 =43°10’ N
    azimuth of line 120-121 = 136°43’20”

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