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    Regulators

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    Sepillo Randel
    The document discusses different types of voltage regulators including series and shunt voltage regulators, IC voltage regulators, and three-terminal voltage regulators. It provides details on fixed positive and negative voltage regulator ICs as well as adjustable voltage regulator ICs. Adjustable voltage regulators allow the user to set the output voltage to a desired value using a potentiometer. Common adjustable voltage regulator ICs include the LM317 and LM337.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Regulators

    Uploaded by

    Sepillo Randel
    12 views17 pages
    The document discusses different types of voltage regulators including series and shunt voltage regulators, IC voltage regulators, and three-terminal voltage regulators. It provides details on fixed positive and negative voltage regulator ICs as well as adjustable voltage regulator ICs. Adjustable voltage regulators allow the user to set the output voltage to a desired value using a potentiometer. Common adjustable voltage regulator ICs include the LM317 and LM337.

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    The document discusses different types of voltage regulators including series and shunt voltage regulators, IC voltage regulators, and three-terminal voltage regulators. It provides details on fixed positive and negative voltage regulator ICs as well as adjustable voltage regulator ICs. Adjustable voltage regulators allow the user to set the output voltage to a desired value using a potentiometer. Common adjustable voltage regulator ICs include the LM317 and LM337.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views17 pages

    Regulators

    Uploaded by

    Sepillo Randel
    The document discusses different types of voltage regulators including series and shunt voltage regulators, IC voltage regulators, and three-terminal voltage regulators. It provides details on fixed positive and negative voltage regulator ICs as well as adjustable voltage regulator ICs. Adjustable voltage regulators allow the user to set the output voltage to a desired value using a potentiometer. Common adjustable voltage regulator ICs include the LM317 and LM337.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    VOLTAGE REGULATORS

    • A VOLTAGE REGULATOR IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A VERY


    STEADY OR WELL REGULATED DC OUTPUT. THE
    COMMONLY USED TRANSISTOR VOLTAGE REGULATORS
    ARE THE SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND THE SHUNT
    VOLTAGE REGULATOR.
    Series Voltage Regulator Circuit

    • THE SERIES ELEMENT CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF THE


    INPUT VOLTAGE THAT GETS TO THE OUTPUT.

    • IF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INCREASES (OR DECREASES),


    THE COMPARATOR CIRCUIT PROVIDES A CONTROL
    SIGNAL TO CAUSE THE SERIES CONTROL ELEMENT TO
    DECREASE (OR INCREASE) THE AMOUNT OF THE OUTPUT
    VOLTAGE.
    Series Voltage Regulator Circuit

    • R1 and R2 act as the sampling circuit


    • Zener provides the reference voltage
    • Q2 controls the base current to Q1
    • Q1 maintains the constant output voltage

    When the output increases: When the output decreases:

    1. The voltage at V2 and VBE of Q2 increases 1. The voltage at V2 and VBE of Q2 decreases
    2. The conduction of Q2 increases 2. The conduction of Q2 decreases
    3. The conduction of Q1 decreases 3. The conduction of Q1 increases
    4. The output voltage decreases 4. The output voltage increases
    Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit

    The shunt voltage regulator shunts


    current away from the load.

    The load voltage is sampled and fed back to a comparator circuit. If the load voltage is too high,
    control circuitry shunts more current away from the load.

    5
    Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit

    When the output voltage increases: When the output voltage decreases:

    • The Zener current increases • The Zener current decreases


    • The conduction of Q2 increases • The conduction of Q2 decreases
    • The voltage drop at Rs increases • The voltage drop at Rs decreases
    • The output voltage decreases • The output voltage increases

    6
    IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS

    • A REGULATOR IC UNIT CONTAINS THE CIRCUITRY (THE REFERENCE


    SOURCE, THE COMPARATOR AMPLIFIER, THE CONTROL DEVICE, AND
    THE OVERLOAD PROTECTOR) OF A VOLTAGE REGULATOR ALL INSIDE
    A SINGLE IC.

    A presentation of eSyst.org
    THE 7800 SERIES (FIXED POSITIVE
    VOLTAGE REGULATORS)
    IC PART Output Voltage Minimum Vi (V)
    7805 +5 7.3
    7806 +6 8.3
    7808 +8 10.5
    7810 +10 12.5
    7812 +12 14.6
    7815 +15 17.7
    7818 +18 21.0
    7824 +24 27.1

    A presentation of eSyst.org
    THE 7900 SERIES (FIXED NEGATIVE
    VOLTAGE REGULATORS)
    IC PART Output Voltage Minimum Vi (V)
    7905 -5 -7.3
    7906 -6 -8.4
    7908 -8 -10.5
    7909 -9 -11.5
    7912 -12 -14.6
    7915 -15 -17.7
    7918 -18 -20.8
    7924 -24 -27.1
    IC Voltage Regulators

    Regulator ICs contain:

    • Comparator circuit
    • Reference voltage
    • Control circuitry
    • Overload protection

    Types of three-terminal IC voltage regulators

    • Fixed positive voltage regulator


    • Fixed negative voltage regulator
    • Adjustable voltage regulator

    A presentation of eSyst.org

    10
    Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators

    The specifications for this IC indicate:

    • The range of input voltages that can be regulated for a specific range of output
    voltage and load current
    • Load regulation—variation in output voltage with variations in load current
    • Line regulation—variation in output voltage with variations in input voltage

    11
    Fixed Positive Voltage Regulator

    These ICs provide a fixed positive output voltage.

    12
    Fixed Negative Voltage Regulator

    These ICs output a fixed negative output voltage.

    13
    Adjustable Voltage Regulator

    These regulators have adjustable


    output voltages.

    The output voltage is commonly


    selected using a potentiometer.

    14
    • THE ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE REGULATOR ALLOWS THE USER TO SET
    THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE TO A DESIRED REGULATED VALUE.

    • EXAMPLES :
    • LM317 +
    • LM337 -

    A presentation of eSyst.org
    • BASIC OPERATION: R1 AND R2 SET THE OUTPUT TO ANY DESIRED
    VOLTAGE OVER THE ADJUSTMENT RANGE (1.2 TO 3.7V). THE OUTPUT
    VOLTAGE CAN BE COMPUTED AS

    𝑅2
    𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 (1 + ) + (𝐼𝑎𝑑𝑗 )(𝑅2 )
    𝑅1

    NOTE THAT THE TYPICAL IC VALUES ARE: 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 1.25𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 100𝑢𝐴
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS

    2. DETERMINE THE REGULATED VOLTAGE OF THE TYPICAL


    LM317 IC ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT WITH
    R1 = 240 OHMS AND R2 = 2.4 KILO OHMS

    ANSWER: 14 V

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