ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES ON ONE SAMPLE T-TEST

EXAMPLE 3: The Human Resource Department of a company developed a skilled competency

test for a certain group of skilled workers. The HRD asserted a tentative hypothesis that the
arithmetic mean grade obtained by this group of skilled workers is 100. The test scores were
assumed to be normally distributed. The hypothesis was subjected to a two-tailed test at 1%
level of significance. The test was given to a random sample of 16 skilled workers and the results
are 95 for mean and 5 for sample standard deviation. Is HRD’s tentative hypothesis correct at 1%
level of significance?

STEP 1: Identifying 𝑯𝒐 and 𝑯𝒂 (two-tailed test)

𝑯𝒐 : The arithmetic mean obtained by the skilled workers is equal to 100. (𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

𝑯𝒂 : The arithmetic mean obtained by the skilled workers is not equal to 100. (𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

STEP 2: Identify the level of significance

Level of significance: 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏

STEP 3: Compute the test statistic

Computing the test statistic, we obtain:

Given: x̅ − μ
̅𝑥 = 95 z= σ
𝜇 = 100 √n
𝑠 =5 95 − 100
=
𝑛 = 16 5
√16
t = −𝟒
STEP 4: Find the critical values from the appropriate table

df = 16 - 1 = 15 DF/α 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0025 0.001 0.005

1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.820 63.657 127.321 318.309 636.619
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 14.089 22.327 31.599
𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟏,𝟏𝟓 = ±𝟐.947 3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 7.453 10.215 12.924
𝟐 4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 5.598 7.173 8.610
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 4.773 5.893 6.869
6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 4.317 5.208 5.959
7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.029 4.785 5.408
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.897 3.355 3.833 4.501 5.041
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 3.690 4.297 4.781
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 3.581 4.144 4.587
11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 3.497 4.025 4.437
12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.428 3.930 4.318
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.372 3.852 4.221
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.625 2.977 3.326 3.787 4.140
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.286 3.733 4.073
16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.584 2.921 3.252 3.686 4.015
17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.222 3.646 3.965
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.197 3.610 3.922
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.174 3.579 3.883
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.153 3.552 3.850
21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.135 3.527 3.819
22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.119 3.505 3.792
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.104 3.485 3.768
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.090 3.467 3.745
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.078 3.450 3.725
STEP 26
5: Make a Decision and Conclusion. 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.067 3.435 3.707
27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.057 3.421 3.690
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.047 3.408 3.674
Since the test statistic (t =29−4) falls
1.311 on1.699
the rejection region,
2.045 2.462 we therefore
2.756 3.038 REJECT
3.396 Ho.
3.659
30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.030 3.385 3.646
31 1.309 1.695 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.022 3.375 3.633
32 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.015 3.365 3.622
33 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.008 3.356 3.611
34 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.002 3.348 3.601
35 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 2.996 3.340 3.591
t = −4 36 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 2.991 3.333 3.582
37 1.305 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 2.985 3.326 3.574
38 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 2.980 3.319 3.566
39 1.304 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 2.976 3.313 3.558
40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 2.971 3.307 3.551
42 1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 2.963 3.296 3.538
44 1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 2.956 3.286 3.526
46 1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 2.949 3.277 3.515
48 1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 2.943 3.269 3.505
50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 2.937 3.261 3.496
60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 2.915 3.232 3.460
70 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 2.899 3.211 3.435
-2.947
80 2.947
1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 2.887 3.195 3.416
90 1.291 1.662 1.987 2.369 2.632 2.878 3.183 3.402
100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 2.871 3.174 3.391
Therefore, we can say that at 1% level of significance, there is enough evidence to reject
the claim that the arithmetic mean obtained by the skilled workers is equal to 100.
EXAMPLE 4: The Accounting Department of XYZ University claims that the mean monthly salary
of their teachers is P21, 750.00 with a standard deviation of P6, 000.00. A researcher takes a
random sample of 25 teachers and found out that they have a mean monthly salary of P19,
375.00. Do the 25 teachers have lower salaries than the rest? Test the claim at 0.01 level of
significance.

STEP 1: Identifying 𝑯𝒐 and 𝑯𝒂 (left-tailed test)

𝑯𝒐 : The mean monthly salary of the teachers of XYZ University is equal to P21, 750.00.
(𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 = 𝟐𝟏, 𝟕𝟓𝟎)

𝑯𝒂 : The mean monthly salary of the teachers of XYZ University is less than P21, 750.00.
(𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 < 𝟐𝟏, 𝟕𝟓𝟎)

STEP 2: Identify the level of significance

Level of significance: 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏

STEP 3: Compute the test statistic

Computing the test statistic, we obtain:

Given: x̅ − μ
̅𝑥 = 19,375 t= s
𝜇 = 21.750 √n
𝑠 = 6000 19,375 − 21,750
=
𝑛 = 25 6,000
√25
t = −𝟏. 𝟗𝟖
STEP 4: Find the critical values from the appropriate table

df = 25 - 1 = 24

𝒕𝟎.𝟎𝟏,𝟐𝟒 = -2.492

STEP 5: Make a Decision and Conclusion.

Since the test statistic (t = −1.98) falls on the rejection region, we therefore NOT
REJECT Ho.

z = -1.98

-2.492

Therefore, we can say that at 1% level of significance, there is enough evidence to not
reject the claim that the mean monthly salary of the teachers of XYZ University is equal to P21,
750.00.
Example 5: The average family size in the Philippines was reported as 4.25. A random
sample of families in particular street resulted in the following family sizes: 6, 6, 7, 4, 3, 8,
2, and 9. At 10% level of significance, is the average family size more than the national
average?

STEP 1: Identifying 𝑯𝒐 and 𝑯𝒂 (right-tailed test)

𝑯𝒐 : The average family size in the Philippines is equal to 4.25. (𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓)

𝑯𝒂 : The average family size in the Philippines is greater than 4.25. (𝑯𝒐 : 𝝁 > 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓)

STEP 2: Identify the level of significance

Level of significance: 𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎

STEP 3: Compute the test statistic

Computing the test statistic, we obtain:

Given:
̅𝑥 =?
𝜇 = 4.25
𝑠 =?
𝑛=8

MEAN

∑𝑥 6+6+7+4+3+8+2+9 45
x= = = = 5.63 (round off to the nearest hundredths)
𝑛 8 8
STANDARD DEVIATION

̅)𝟐
∑(𝒙 − 𝒙
𝒔= √
𝒏−𝟏

x x (x – x) (x – x)2
6 5.63 0.37 0.1369
6 5.63 0.37 0.1369
7 5.63 1.37 1.8769
4 5.63 -1.63 2.6569
3 5.63 -2.63 9.5738
8 5.63 2.37 5.6169
2 5.63 -3.63 13.1769
9 5.63 3.37 11.3569

̅)𝟐
∑(𝒙 − 𝒙

= 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟏

(𝟔 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟔 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟕 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟒 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟑 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟖 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟐 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟗 − 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑)𝟐

𝒔= √
𝟖−𝟏

44.5321
𝒔= √
7

𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐

TEST STATISTIC

x̅ − μ
t= s
√n

5.63 − 4.25
t=
2.52
√8

t = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟖𝟗
STEP 4: Find the critical values from the appropriate table

df = 8 - 1 = 7

𝒕𝟎.𝟏𝟎,𝟕 = 1.415

STEP 5: Make a Decision and Conclusion

Since the test statistic (t = 1.5489) falls on the rejection region, we therefore NOT
REJECT Ho.

t = 1.5489

1.415

Therefore, we can say that at 10% level of significance, there is enough evidence to not
reject the claim that the average family size in the Philippines is equal to 4.25.