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    Dela Torre - Critique Paper 6

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    Wynona Mae Dela Torre
    1) Biotechnology plays an important role in food production and processing by improving microbial cultures for food fermentation, producing enzymes and food ingredients through microbial fermentation, and developing genetically modified crops. 2) The Philippines relies heavily on agricultural imports and could benefit economically from utilizing genetically modified crops, which could increase food supply and profits for farmers. 3) Golden Rice was developed to address widespread vitamin A deficiencies in the Philippines and could help combat malnutrition through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene in rice.

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    Dela Torre - Critique Paper 6

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    Wynona Mae Dela Torre
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    1) Biotechnology plays an important role in food production and processing by improving microbial cultures for food fermentation, producing enzymes and food ingredients through microbial fermentation, and developing genetically modified crops. 2) The Philippines relies heavily on agricultural imports and could benefit economically from utilizing genetically modified crops, which could increase food supply and profits for farmers. 3) Golden Rice was developed to address widespread vitamin A deficiencies in the Philippines and could help combat malnutrition through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene in rice.

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    1) Biotechnology plays an important role in food production and processing by improving microbial cultures for food fermentation, producing enzymes and food ingredients through microbial fermentation, and developing genetically modified crops. 2) The Philippines relies heavily on agricultural imports and could benefit economically from utilizing genetically modified crops, which could increase food supply and profits for farmers. 3) Golden Rice was developed to address widespread vitamin A deficiencies in the Philippines and could help combat malnutrition through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene in rice.

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    8 views2 pages

    Dela Torre - Critique Paper 6

    Uploaded by

    Wynona Mae Dela Torre
    1) Biotechnology plays an important role in food production and processing by improving microbial cultures for food fermentation, producing enzymes and food ingredients through microbial fermentation, and developing genetically modified crops. 2) The Philippines relies heavily on agricultural imports and could benefit economically from utilizing genetically modified crops, which could increase food supply and profits for farmers. 3) Golden Rice was developed to address widespread vitamin A deficiencies in the Philippines and could help combat malnutrition through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene in rice.

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    Dela Torre, Wynona Mae G.

    May 18, 2023


    BS PetEng 1B1 GE-STS
    STS Prof. Lea M. Camangeg

    Critique Paper 6: (The Role of Biotechnology in Food Production and Processing by


    Balarbe, M. M., Mohammed, S. S. D., and Idris, S.)
    Synopsis
    The article is entitled “The Role of Biotechnology in Food Production and Processing”
    by Balarbe et al., written in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State
    University, Kaduna, Nigeria, and was published on January 15, 2018. The paper contains
    information about the application of biotechnology in food processing, such as food
    fermentation, the production of enzymes, the production of food ingredients, the use of
    biotechnology in diagnostics for food testing, the role of biotechnology in food production the
    safety of food produced with biotechnology as well as the risks and benefits of biotechnology
    in food production.
    According to the article, Biotechnology is any technological application that uses
    biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or
    processes for specific use (as cited in UN Convention on Biological Diversity, 2002). One of
    its applications is in food fermentation wherein biotechnology is being utilized to improve
    microbial cultures through traditional and molecular approaches. Next, biotechnology is used
    in the commercial production of enzymes from bacteria and fungi that were only possible on
    plant and animal sources before. Furthermore, biotechnology also plays an important role in
    the production of food ingredients through microbial fermentation which produces amino acid
    supplements, flavor enhancers, and vitamins added to breakfast cereals. It also improved
    starter cultures, specifically GM starter cultures which are necessary for bread, beer, yogurt,
    cheese, and salami production in such a way that these are being produced faster and
    increase the number of yields. Moreover, GM foods are the most notable contribution of
    biotechnology in food science. These bioengineered foods are pest-resistant, herbicide-
    tolerant, cold-tolerant, and drought-tolerant, have a higher level of nutrition, and can be used
    in pharmaceuticals. Some examples of GM foods are Biotechnology Soybean, Biotechnology
    Maize, Biotechnology Rice, Biotechnology Tomato, Biotechnology Cotton and etc. Most of
    these products are herbicide tolerant and insect-tolerant which helps to increase production.
    Biotechnology can also be used in Diagnostics for Food Testing through Microarrays which
    are used to detect pathogens, pesticides, and toxins and offer considerable potential for
    facilitating process control, the control of fermentation processes, and monitoring the quality
    and safety of raw materials (Balarbe et al., as cited in Barallon et al.,1996). Aside from the
    application of biotechnology in food, it also gives a significant contribution to food production.
    As crops become resistant to pests and extreme weather, production will increase, harvesting
    will be improved, and storage will last longer. As a result, these products will be sold at lower
    prices which benefits consumers. It can also benefit farmers as product loss is less likely to
    happen because of these advances. In addition, foods produced with biotechnology
    processes ensure the safety of people as strong shreds of evidence show that there is no
    known food safety concern related to consuming
    food produced through biotechnology. In fact, a number of food and health organizations
    support this kind of food. Of all the benefits shown in biotechnology, of course, there are
    downsides. One of them is the unexpected allergic reaction that may arise in consumers
    because the genes could be transferred to other crops in which they are not intended to go
    in. Furthermore, GM crops are relatively high in cost that farmers may find it hard to bring
    back their capital.
    Critical point
    Biotechnology is undeniably helpful and relevant to the fast-growing modern world of
    today. Food, which is one of the essential commodities in our lives benefits from the advances
    of biotechnology. According to Philippine Statistics Authority, the 2021 total expenditures for
    agricultural imports reached PhP 773.61 billion and recorded an annual increase of 24.0
    percent from the previous year’s record of PhP 623.98 billion. Whereas the total export in the
    same year summed up to PhP 334.24 billion. Meaning, our government is spending more
    than making a profit on agricultural products. This will also burden our local farmers since the
    more supply we have, the lower its price, which will make our farmers have a hard time
    regaining their capital and making a profit. So, utilizing GM crops here in the country is helpful
    to our farmers and our economy as it will help to increase the supply of crops, which will make
    our government not rely mostly on imports to meet the demand of our society. In the same
    way, farmers will benefit also since they will have more profit. Moreover, micronutrient
    deficiencies in the Philippines are widespread. Besides iron and iodine deficiencies, Vitamin
    A deficiency is considered a major health problem, with prevalence rates exceeding the WHO
    cut-off points. Because of this Golden Rice was invented to provide a new intervention to
    combat VAD. It was developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene in its
    endosperm, giving it the distinct yellow color that affords it the name Golden Rice
    (Zimmermann & Qaim, 2004). Surprisingly, Golden Rice was developed by the Department
    of Agriculture-Philippine Rice Research Institute (DA-PhilRice) in partnership with the
    International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to contain additional levels of beta-carotene,
    which the body converts into vitamin A (IRRI, 2021). Workings of biotechnology on food
    science is indeed a huge relief not just in our economy but also in the health of humanity.
    Relevance to Society
    Advancement in food science through biotechnology brought solutions to food supply
    challenges we have in the country. In fact, the government supports agro-biotechnology as
    a method to improve Philippine agricultural productivity (Richmond, 2006). If we continue to
    utilize GM foods or crops, we will attain food security, thus will give welfare to humanity as
    well.
    References
    1. PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY (PSA). The Agricultural Indicators System (AIS). Quezon City: Philippine
    Statistics Authority. September 2022. electronic version.
    https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/FO%205_AIS%20Agri%20Exports%20and%20Imports%202022%20ao%203
    0Sept_signed.pdf
    2. Zimmermann, R., & Qaim, M. (2004). Potential health benefits of Golden Rice: a Philippine case
    study. Food Policy, 29(2), 147-168.
    3. International Rice Research Institute. Last modified July 22, 2021. https://www.irri.org/news-and-
    events/news/philippines-becomes-first-country-approve-nutrient-enriched-golden-rice
    4. Christina L. Richmond, Comment, Genetically Modified Crops in the Philippines: Can Existing
    Biosafety Regulations Adequately Protect the Environment?, 15 Pac. Rim L & Pol'y J. 569 (2006).
    Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol15/iss2/8

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