An American National Standard

Designation: A 312/A 312M – 02 Used in USDOE-NE standards

Standard Specification for

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 312/A 312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
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of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope * 1.5 Grades TP321 and TP321H have lower strength require-
1.1 This specification2 covers seamless, straight-seam ments for pipe manufactured by the seamless process in
welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainless nominal wall thicknesses greater than 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm].
steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
service. are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
NOTE 1—When the impact test criterion for a low-temperature service system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
would be 15 ft·lbf [20 J] energy absorption or 15 mils [0.38 mm] lateral
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
expansion, some of the austenitic stainless steel grades covered by this
specification are accepted by certain pressure vessel or piping codes two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
without the necessity of making the actual test. For example, Grades cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
TP304, TP304L, and TP347 are accepted by the ASME Pressure Vessel designation of this specification is specified in the order.
Code, Section VIII Division 1, and by the Chemical Plant and Refinery
Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, for service at temperatures as low as −425°F NOTE 2—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
[−250°C] without qualification by impact tests. Other AISI stainless steel been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
grades are usually accepted for service temperatures as low as −325°F diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
[−200°C] without impact testing. Impact testing may, under certain
circumstances, be required. For example, materials with chromium or
2. Referenced Documents
nickel content outside the AISI ranges, and for material with carbon 2.1 ASTM Standards:
content exceeding 0.10 %, are required to be impact tested under the rules A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
of ASME Section VIII Division 1 when service temperatures are lower lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels3
than −50°F [−45°C]. A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 Grades TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, of Steel Products3
TP310HCb, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, and TP348H are A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-
modifications of Grades TP304, TP309Cb, TP309S, TP310Cb, lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys4
TP310S, TP316, TP321, TP347, and TP348, and are intended A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for
for high-temperature service. Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe4
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for A 1016/A 1016M Specification ofr General Requirements
pipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. These for Ferritiic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and
supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made Stainless Steel Tubes4
and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
order. Size5
1.4 Table X1.1 lists the standardized dimensions of welded E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Blooms, and Forgings5
These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold worked E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4
pipe. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided 2.2 ANSI Standards:6
such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specifi- B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
cation. B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
5
aaproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 312/A 312M – 01a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
cation SA-312 in Section II of that Code. Floor, New York, NY 10036.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A 312/A 312M – 02
2.3 ASME Standard: 5. General Requirements
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII7 5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
2.4 AWS Standard: form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium- Specification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.
Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes8 5.2 Heat Treatment:
2.5 Other Standard: 5.2.1 All pipe shall be furnished in the heat—treated con-
SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys dition in accordance with the requirements of Table 2. The
(UNS)9 heat—treatment procedure, except for “H” grades, S30815,
2.6 Other Standard: S31272, S31254, S32654, N08367, N08904, and N08926 shall
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in consist of heating the pipe to a minimum temperature of
Nondestructive Testing10 1900°F [1040°C] and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by
3. Terminology other means.
3.1 Definitions:
6. Materials and Manufacture
3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M and
Terminology A 941 are applicable to this specification. 6.1 Manufacture:
6.1.1 The pipe shall be manufactured by one of the follow-
4. Ordering Information ing processes:
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include 6.1.2 Seamless (SML) pipe shall be made by a process that
the following, as required, to describe the desired material does not involve welding at any stage of production.
adequately: 6.1.3 Welded (WLD) pipe shall be made using an automatic
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths), welding process with no addition of filler metal during the
4.1.2 Name of material (austenitic steel pipe), welding process.
4.1.3 Process (seamless (SML) or welded (WLD) or heavily 6.1.4 Heavily cold-worked (HCW) pipe shall be made by
cold worked (HCW) ), applying cold working of not less than 35 % reduction in
4.1.4 Grade (Table 1), thickness of both wall and weld to a welded pipe prior to the
4.1.5 Size (NPS or outside diameter and schedule number or final anneal. No filler shall be used in making the weld. Prior
average wall thickness), to cold working, the weld shall be 100 % radiographically
4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section 13), inspected in accordance with the requirements of ASME Boiler
4.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A 999/ and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latest
A 999M), revision, Paragraph UW-51.
4.1.8 Optional requirements (product analysis, see Section 6.1.5 Welded pipe and HCW pipe of NPS 14 and smaller
8; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, see Section 12), shall have a single longitudinal weld. Welded pipe and HCW
4.1.9 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi- pipe of a size larger than NPS 14 shall have a single
cation A 999/A 999M), longitudinal weld or shall be produced by forming and welding
4.1.10 Specification number, and two longitudinal sections of flat stock when approved by the
4.1.11 Special requirements or any supplementary require- purchaser. All weld tests, examinations, inspections, or treat-
ments selected, or both. ments shall be performed on each weld seam.
6.1.6 At the option of the manufacturer, pipe shall be either
7
hot finished or cold finished.
Available from American Society for Mechanical Engineers, Three Park
Avenue, New York, NY 10016–5990.
6.1.7 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating
8
Available from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, exogenous iron particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface finish-
FL 33135. ing is not mandatory when pipe is bright annealed. The
9
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, purchaser is permitted to require that a passivating treatment be
Warrendale, PA 15096.
10
Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, PO Box 28518, applied to the finished pipe.
Columbus, OH, 43228-0518.

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 TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Composition, %B
UNS
Grade Desig- Tanta-
Manga- Phos- Molyb- Tita- Colum- Vana-
nationA Carbon Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel lum, NitrogenC Copper Cerium Boron Aluminum
nese phorus denum nium bium dium
max

COPYRIGHT 2003; ASTM International

... S20400 0.030 7.0-9.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.0-17.0 1.50-3.00 ... ... ... ... 0.15-0.30 ... ... ... ... ...
TPXM-19 S20910 0.06 4.0-6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.5–23.5 11.5–13.5 1.50–3.00 ... 0.10–0.30 ... 0.20–0.40 0.10– ... ...
0.30
TPXM-10 S21900 0.08 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.40 ... . . . ...

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TPXM-11 S21904 0.04 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0–21.5 5.5–7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.40 ... . . . ...
TPXM-29 S24000 0.08 11.5–14.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 2.3–3.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20–0.40 ... . . . ...
TP304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . ...
TP304L S30403 0.035D 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–13.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . ...
TP304H S30409 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . ...
... S30415 0.04-0.06 0.80 0.045 0.030 1.00–2.00 18.0–19.0 9.0–10.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12–0.18 ... . . . 0.03–
0.08
TP304N S30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–18.0 ... . . . . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . ... ...
TP304LN S30453 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 8.0–12.0 ... . . . . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . ... ...
... S30600 0.018 2.00 0.02 0.02 3.7–4.3 17.0–18.5 14.0–15.5 0.20 . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 0.50 max ...
... S30615 0.16–0.24 2.00 0.030 0.03 3.2-4.0 17.0–19.5 13.5–16.0 ... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... ... ... 0.80–1.50
... S30815 0.05–0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.40–2.00 20.0–22.0 10.0–12.0 ... . . . . . . . . . 0.14–0.20 . . . ... 0.03–
0.08
TP309S S30908 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 0.75 ... ... ... ... ... ...
TP309H S30909 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–15.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
TP309Cb S30940 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–16.0 0.75 ... 10 3 C ... ... ... ...
min, 1.10
max
TP309HCb S30941 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0–24.0 12.0–16.0 0.75 ... 10 3 C ... ... ...

3
min, 1.10
max
S31002 0.015 2.00 0.020 0.015 0.15 19.0–22.0 24.0–26.0 0.10 . . . ... . . . 0.10 . . .
TP310S S31008 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.75 . . . ... . . . ... . . . ...
TP310H S31009 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ...
TP310Cb S31040 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.75 . . . 10 3 C . . . ... . . . ...
min, 1.10
A 312/A 312M – 02

max
TP310HCb S31041 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0–26.0 19.0–22.0 0.75 ... 10 3 C ... ... ...
min, 1.10
max
... S31050 0.025 2.00 0.020 0.015 0.4 24.0–26.0 20.5–23.5 1.6–2.6 ... ... ... 0.09–0.15 ... ... ...
... S31254 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.5–20.5 17.5–18.5 6.0–6.5 ... ... ... 0.18–0.22 ... 0.50–1.00 ...

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S31272 0.08–012 1.5–2.00 0.030 0.015 0.25–0.75 14.0–16.0 14.0–16.0 1.00–1.40 0.30– 0.004–
0.60 0.008
TP316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 11.0–14.0E 2.00–3.00 ... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
TP316L S31603 0.035D 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 10.0–14.0 2.00–3.00 ... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
TP316H S31609 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 11.0–14.0E 2.00–3.00 ... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
... S31635 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.0-18.0 10.0-12.0 2.00-3.00 53 . . . . . . 0.10 . . . . . . . . . ... ...
(C+N)
min,
0.70
TP316N S31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 11.0–14.0E 2.00–3.00 0.10–0.16 . . . ... . . .

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TP316LN S31653 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0–18.0 11.0–14.0E 2.00–3.00 ... . . . . . . 0.10–0.16 . . . ... . . .
TP317 S31700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–14.0 3.0–4.0 ... . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . .
TP317L S31703 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 11.0–15.0 3.0–4.0 ... . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . .
... S31725 0.03 2.00 0.040F 0.030 1.00 18.0–20.0 13.5–17.5 4.0–5.0 ... . . . . . . 0.10 . . . 0.75 . . .
... S31726 0.03 2.00 0.040F 0.030 1.00 17.0–20.0 14.5–17.5 4.0–5.0 ... . . . . . . 0.10–0.20 . . . 0.75 . . .
G
TP321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 ... . . . . . . 0.10 . . . ... . . .
H
TP321H S32109 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–12.0 ... . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . .
 COPYRIGHT 2003; ASTM International
TABLE 1 Continued
Composition, %B
UNS
Grade Desig- Tanta-
Manga- Phos- Molyb- Tita- Colum- Vana-
nationA Carbon Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel lum, NitrogenC Copper Cerium Boron Aluminum
nese phorus denum nium bium dium
max
... S32615 0.07 2.00 0.045 0.030 4.8–6.0 16.5–19.5 19.0–22.0 0.30–1.50 ... ... ... ... ... 1.50–2.50 ...
... S32654 0.020 2.0–4.0 0.030 0.005 0.50 24.0–25.0 21.0–23.0 7.0–8.0 ... ... ... 0.45–0.55 ... 0.30–0.60 ...
... S33228 0.04–0.08 1.00 0.020 0.015 0.30 26.0–28.0 31.0–33.0 ... ... 0.60–1.00 ... ... ... ... 0.05– ... 0.025
0.10
... S34565 0.03 5.0–7.0 0.030 0.010 1.00 23.0–25.0 16.0–18.0 4.0–5.0 . . . 0.10 0.40–0.60 . . . . . . ... ...
I
TP347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... . . . ... ... . . . . . . ...
J
TP347H S34709 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... . . . ... ... . . . . . . ...
TP347LN S34751 0.005–0.020 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... . . . 0.20– ... 0.06–0.10 . . . . . . ... ... ...
0.50F,K
I
TP348 S34800 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... ... 0.10 ... ... ... ...
J
TP348H S34809 0.04–0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0–19.0 9.0–13.0 ... ... 0.10 ... ... ... ...
... S35045 0.06-0.10 1.50 ... 0.015 1.00 25.0-29.0 32.0-37.0 ... 0.15- ... ... ... ... 0.75 ... ... 0.15-0.60

4
0.60
... S35315 0.04–0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.20–2.00 24.0–26.0 34.0–36.0 ... ... ... ... 0.12–0.18 ... ... 0.03– ... ...
0.08
TPXM-15 S38100 0.08 2.00 0.030 0.030 1.50–2.50 17.0–19.0 17.5–18.5 ... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... ...
... N08367 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 20.0–22.0 23.5–25.5 6.0–7.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.18–0.25 . . . 0.75 ... ... ...
... N08904 0.020 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.0–23.0 23.0–28.0 4.0–5.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.10 . . . 1.00–2.00 ... ... ...
... N08926 0.020 2.00 0.030 0.010 0.50 24.0–26.0 19.0–21.0 6.0–7.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.25 . . . 0.50–1.50 ... ... ...
A 312/A 312M – 02

A
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086.
B
Maximum, unless otherwise indicated.
C
The method of analysis for nitrogen shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.
D
For small diameter or thin walls or both, where many drawing passes are required, a carbon maximum of 0.040 % is necessary in grades TP304L and TP316L. Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those
less than 0.500 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter and light wall tubes as those less than 0.049 in. [1.20 mm] in average wall thickness (0.044 in. [1.10 mm] in minimum wall thickness).
E
For welded TP316, TP316N, TP316LN, and TP316H pipe, the nickel range shall be 10.0–14.0 %.
F
For welded pipe, the phosphorus maximum shall be 0.045 %.

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G
The titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %.
H
The titanium content shall be not less than four times the carbon content and not more than 0.60 %.
I
The columbium content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.00 %.
J
The columbium content shall be not less than eight times the carbon content and not more than 1.0 %.
K
Grade S34751 shall have a columbium (niobium) plus tantalum content of not less than 15 times the carbon content.

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 A 312/A 312M – 02
6.2 Heat Treatment—All pipe shall be furnished in the Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
heat-treated condition in accordance with the requirements of 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof
6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
Table 2. Alternatively, for seamless pipe, immediately follow-
ing hot forming while the temperature of the pipes is not less 8.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, purchaser or the purchaser’s representative, and shall conform
pipes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled to the requirements specified in Section 7.
by other means. 8.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 does
6.3 Grain Size: not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, an
6.3.1 The grain size of Grade UNS S32615, as determined analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be
in accordance with Test Methods E 112, shall be No. 3 or finer. made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements
6.3.2 The grain size of grades TP309H, TP309HCb, shall be accepted.
TP310H and TP310HCb, as determined in accordance with
Test Methods E 112, shall be No. 6 or coarser. 9. Permitted Variations in Wall Thickness
6.3.3 The grain size of grades 304H, 316H, 321H, 347H, 9.1 In addition to the implicit limitation of wall thickness
and 348H, as determined in accordance with Test Methods for seamless pipe imposed by the limitation on weight in
E 112, shall be No. 7 or coarser. Specification A 999/A 999M, the wall thickness for seamless
and welded pipe at any point shall be within the tolerances
specified in Table 3, except that for welded pipe the weld area
TABLE 2 Annealing Requirements shall not be limited by the “Over” tolerance. The wall thickness
Grade or UNS DesignationA Heat Treating Cooling/Testing and outside diameter for inspection for compliance with this
TemperatureB Requirements requirement for pipe ordered by NPS and schedule number is
All grades not individually listed 1900°F [1040°C] C shown in Table X1.1.
below:
TP321H, TP347H, TP348H
Cold finished 2000°F [1100°C] D 10. Tensile Requirements
D
Hot finished 1925°F [1050°C] 10.1 The tensile properties of the material shall conform to
TP304H, TP316H
Cold finished 1900°F [1040°C] D the requirements prescribed in Table 4.
D
Hot finished 1900°F [1040°C]
D
TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, 1900°F [1040°C] 11. Mechanical Tests, Grain Size Determinations, and
TP310HCb
S30600 2010–2140°F [1100–1170°C] D Weld Decay Tests Required
D
S30815, S31272 1920°F [1050°C] 11.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test—One tension
D
S31254, S32654 2100°F [1150°C]
S33228 2050–2160°F [1120–1180°C] D test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 100
S34565 2050–2140°F [1120–1170°C] D
pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes
D
S35315 2010°F [1100°C] for lots of more than 100 pipes.
D
N08367 2025°F [1110°C]
D
N08904 2000°F [1100°C] NOTE 3—The term “lot,” for mechanical tests, applies to all pipe of the

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D
N08926 2010°F [1100°C]
same diameter and wall thickness (or schedule) which are produced from
A
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE the same heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment: (1) in
J1086. a continuous heat-treatment furnace, (2) in a batch-type heat-treatment
B
Minimum, unless otherwise stated.
C furnace, equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlled
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means, at a rate sufficient to
prevent reprecipitation of carbides, as demonstrable by the capability of passing within a 50°F [30°C] range, or (3) by direct quenching after hot forming,
Practices A 262, Practice E. The manufacturer is not required to run the test unless the larger of: (a) Each 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof or, (b) That pipe
it is specified on the purchase order (see Supplementary Requirement S7). Note heat treated in the same batch furnace charge.
that Practices A 262 requires the test to be performed on sensitized specimens in
the low-carbon and stabilized types and on specimens representative of the
as-shipped condition for other types. In the case of low-carbon types containing
3 % or more molybdenum, the applicability of the sensitizing treatment prior to TABLE 3 Permitted Variations in Wall Thickness
testing shall be a matter for negotiation between the seller and the purchaser.
D Tolerance, % from Nominal
Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
NPS Designator Over Under
⁄ to 21⁄2 incl., all t/D
18

7. Chemical Composition 20.0 12.5

ratios
3 to 18 incl., t/D up to 5 %
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to incl.
22.5 12.5
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 3 to 18 incl., t/D > 5 % 15.0 12.5
20 and larger, welded, all
17.5 12.5
8. Product Analysis t/D ratios
20 and larger, seamless,
22.5 12.5
8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of one billet t/D up to 5 % incl.
or one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or two pipes 20 and larger, seamless,
15.0 12.5
t/D > 5 %
from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe
shall consist of the following number of lengths of the same where:
size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel: t = Nominal Wall Thickness
D = Ordered Outside Diameter
NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot

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TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements 11.2 Flattening Test—For material heat treated in a batch-
Grade UNS Tensile Yield type furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipe
Designation Strength, min Strength, min from each heat-treated lot. For material heat treated by the
ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa]
continuous process, or by direct quenching after hot forming
... S20400 95 [635] 48 [330]
TPXM-19 S20910 100 [690] 55 [380]
this test shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to
TPXM-10 S21900 90 [620] 50 [345] constitute 5 % of the lot, but in no case less than two lengths
TPXM-11 S21904 90 [620] 50 [345] of pipe.
TPXM-29 S24000 100 [690] 55 [380]
TP304 S30400 75 [515] 30 [205]
11.2.1 For welded pipe a transverse-guided face bend test of
TP304L S30403 70 [485] 25 [170] the weld may be conducted instead of a flattening test in
TP304H S30409 75 [515] 30 [205] accordance with the method outlined in the steel tubular
... S30415 87 [600] 42 [290]
TP304N S30451 80 [550] 35 [240]
product supplement of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
TP304LN S30453 75 [515] 30 [205] The ductility of the weld shall be considered acceptable when
... S30600 78 [540] 35 [240] there is no evidence of cracks in the weld or between the weld
... S30615 90 [620] 40 [275]
... S30815 87 [600] 45 [310]
and the base metal after bending. Test specimens from 5 % of
TP309S S30908 75 [515] 30 [205] the lot shall be taken from the pipe or test plates of the same
TP309H S30909 75 [515] 30 [205] material as the pipe, the test plates being attached to the end of
TP309Cb S30940 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP309HCb S30941 75 [515] 30 [205] the cylinder and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitu-
S31002 73 [500] 30 [205] dinal seam.
TP310S S31008 75 [515] 30 [205] 11.3 Grain Size—Grain size determinations on Grades
TP310H S31009 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP310Cb S31040 75 [515] 30 [205] TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb, and UNS S32615
TP310HCb S31041 75 [515] 30 [205] shall be made on the same number of tubes as prescribed for
... S31050: the flattening test.
t # 0.25 in. 84 [580] 39 [270]
t > 0.25 in. 78 [540] 37 [255] 11.4 HCW pipe shall be capable of passing the weld decay
... S31254: tests listed in Supplementary S9 with a weld metal to base
t # 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] 98 [675] 45 [310] metal loss ratio of 0.90 to 1.1. The test is not required to be
t > 0.187 in. [5.00 mm] 95 [655] 45 [310]
S31272 65 [450] 29 [200] performed unless S9 is specified in the purchase order.
TP316 S31600 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP316L S31603 70 [485] 25 [170] 12. Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
TP316H S31609 75 [515] 30 [205]
... S31635 75 [515] 30 [205]
12.1 Each pipe shall be subjected to the nondestructive
TP316N S31651 80 [550] 35 [240] electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used
TP316LN S31653 75 [515] 30 [205] shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise
TP317 S31700 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP317L S31703 75 [515] 30 [205]
specified in the purchase order.
... S31725 75 [515] 30 [205] 12.2 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci-
... S31726 80 [550] 35 [240] fication A 999/A 999M, unless specifically exempted under the
TP321 S32100:
Welded 75 [515] 30 [205] provisions of 12.3.
Seamless: 12.3 For pipe whose dimensions equal or exceed NPS10,
# 3⁄8 in. 75 [515] 30 [205] the purchaser, with the agreement of the manufacturer, may
> 3⁄8 in. 70 [485] 25 [170]
TP321H S32109: waive the hydrostatic test requirement when in lieu of such test
Welded 75 [515] 30 [205] the purchaser performs a system test. Each length of pipe
Seamless: furnished without the completed manufacturer’s hydrostatic
# 3⁄16 in. 75 [515] 30 [205]
> 3⁄16 in. 70 [480] 25 [170] test shall include with the mandatory markings the letters
... S32615 80 [550] 32 [220] “NH.”
... S32654 109 [750] 62 [430] 12.4 Nondestructive Electric Test:
... S33228 73 [500] 27 [185]
... S34565 115 [795] 60 [415] Nondestructive electric tests shall be in accordance with
TP347 S34700 75 [515] 30 [205] Specification A 999/A 999M.
TP347H S34709 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP347LN S34751 75 [515] 30 [205] 13. Lengths
TP348 S34800 75 [515] 30 [205]
TP348H S34809 75 [515] 30 [205] 13.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the following
... S35045 70 [485] 25 [170] regular practice:
... S35315 94 [650] 39 [270]
TPXM-15 S38100 75 [515] 30 [205] 13.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS
1⁄8 to and including NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft
... N08367:
t # 0.187 100 [690] 45 [310] (Note 4) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (Note 4).
t > 0.187 95 [655] 45 [310]
... N08904 71 [490] 31 [215] Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimum
... N08926 94 [650] 43 [295] length shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm (or 4D), min, %: Longi- Trans- purchaser.
tudinal verse
All Grades except S31050 and S32615 35 25 NOTE 4—This value(s) applies when the inch-pound designation of this
S32615, S31050 25 ... specification is the basis of purchase. When the “M” designation of this
N08367 30 ... specification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s)
shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
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 A 312/A 312M – 02
13.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths re- listed in Table 5 is used, the filler metal shall be identified on
quired shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be under the the certificate of tests.
specified length and not more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] over that
specified. 16. Certification
13.1.3 No jointers are permitted unless otherwise specified. 16.1 In addition to the information required by Specification
A 999/A 999M, the certification shall state whether or not the
14. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance material was hydrostatically tested. If the material was nonde-
14.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight and structively tested, the certification shall so state and shall show
shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re- which standard practice was followed and what reference
moved by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are not discontinuities were used.
decreased to less than that permitted in Section 9 of Specifi-
cation A 999/A 999M. 17. Marking
17.1 In addition to the marking specified in Specification
15. Repair by Welding A 999/A 999M, the marking shall include the NPS (nominal
15.1 For welded pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds pipe size) or outside diameter and schedule number or average
NPS 6, and whose nominal wall thickness equals or exceeds wall thickness, heat number, and NH when hydrotesting is not
0.200, weld repairs made with the addition of compatible filler performed and ET when eddy-current testing is performed or
metal may be made to the weld seam with the same procedures UT when ultrasonic testing is performed. The marking shall
specified for plate defects in the section on Repair by Welding also include the manufacturer’s private identifying mark, the
of Specification A 999/A 999M. marking requirement of 12.3, if applicable, and whether
15.2 Weld repairs of the weld seam shall not exceed 20 % of seamless (SML), welded (WLD), or heavily cold-worked
the seam length. (HCW). For Grades TP304H, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H,
15.3 Weld repairs shall be made only with the gas tungsten- TP348H, and S30815, the marking shall also include the heat
arc welding process using the same classification of bare filler number and heat-treatment lot identification. If specified in the
rod qualified to the most current AWS Specification A5.9 as the purchase order, the marking for pipe larger than NPS 4 shall
grade of stainless steel pipe being repaired and as shown in include the weight.
Table 5. Alternatively, subject to approval by the purchaser,
weld repairs shall be made only with the gas tungsten-arc 18. Government Procurement
welding process using a filler metal more highly alloyed than 18.1 Scale Free Pipe for Government Procurement:
the base metal when needed for corrosion resistance or other 18.1.1 When specified in the contract or order, the following
properties. requirements shall be considered in the inquiry, contract or
15.4 Pipes that have had weld seam repairs with filler metal order, for agencies of the U.S. Government where scale free
shall be uniquely identified and shall be so stated and identified pipe or tube is required. These requirements shall take prece-
on the certificate of tests. When filler metal other than that dence if there is a conflict between these requirements and the
product specifications.
18.1.2 The requirements of Specification A 999/A 999M for
TABLE 5 Pipe and Filler Metal Specification pipe and Specification A 1016/A 1016M for tubes shall be
Pipe Filler Metal applicable when pipe or tube is ordered to this specification.
Grade
UNS AWS A5.9 UNS Designation 18.1.3 Pipe and tube shall be one of the following grades as
Designation Class
specified herein:
TP304 S30400 ER308 S30800, W30840 Grade UNS Designation
TP304L S30403 ER308L S30883, W30843
TP304N S30451 ER308 S30880, W30840 TP304 S30400
TP304LN S30453 ER308L S30883, W30843 TP304L S30403
TP304H S30409 ER308 S30880, W30840 TP304N S30451
TP309Cb S30940 ... ... ... TP316 S31600
TP309S S30908 ... ... ... TP316L S31603
TP310Cb S31040 ... ... ... TP316N S31651
TP310S S31008 ... ... ... TP317 S31700
S31272 ... ... ... TP317L S31703
TP316 S31600 ER316 S31680, W31640 TP321 S32100
TP316L S31603 ER316L S31683, W31643 TP347 S34700
TP316N S31651 ER316 S31680, W31640
TP316LN S31653 ER316L S31683, W31643 18.1.4 Part Number:
TP316H S31609 ER316H S31680, W31640
TP321 S32100 ER321 S32180, W32140
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ER347 S34780, W34740 Example: ASTM A 312/A 312M Pipe 304 NPS 12 SCH 40S
TP347 S34700 ER347 S34780, W34740 SMLS
TP348 S34800 ER347 S34780, W34740
TPXM-19 S22100 ER209 S20980, W32240 Specification Number ASTM A 312
TPXM-29 S28300 ER240 S23980, W32440 Pipe P
... N08367 ... N06625 Grade 304
... S20400 ER209 S20980, W32240 NPS 12
... N08926 ... N06625 Wall 0.375
SMLS OR WELDED SML

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 A 312/A 312M – 02
18.1.4.1 18.1.5.2 Part number,
Specification Number ASTM A 312 18.1.5.3 Ultrasonic inspection, if required,
Tube T 18.1.5.4 If shear wave test is to be conducted in two
Grade 304
Outside Diameter 0.250
opposite circumferential directions,
Wall 0.035 18.1.5.5 Intergranular corrosion test, and
SMLS OR WELDED WLD 18.1.5.6 Level of preservation and packing required.
18.1.5 Ordering Information—Orders for material under
this specification shall include the following in addition to the 19. Keywords
requirements of Section 4: 19.1 austenitic stainless steel; seamless steel pipe; stainless
18.1.5.1 Pipe or tube, steel pipe; steel pipe; welded steel pipe

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.

S1. Product Analysis and reasonably uniform material free of injurious laminations,
S1.1 For all pipe NPS 5 and larger in nominal size there shall cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this supplementary
be one product analysis made of a representative sample from requirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe required
one piece for each ten lengths or fraction thereof from each shall also be specified. If a specimen from any length shows
heat of steel. objectionable defects, the length shall be rejected, subject to
S1.2 For pipe smaller than NPS 5 there shall be one product removal of the defective end and subsequent retests indicating
analysis made from ten lengths per heat of steel or from 10 % the remainder of the length to be sound and reasonably uniform
of the number of lengths per heat of steel, whichever number material.
is smaller. S5. Radiographic Examination
S1.3 Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical
requirements specified in Section 7 shall be rejected. S5.1 The entire length of weld in each double welded pipe
shall be radiographically examined, using X-radiation, in
S2. Transverse Tension Tests accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of Section VIII Division 1
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In addition to
S2.1 There shall be one transverse tension test made from the marking required by Section 13 each pipe shall be marked
one end of 10 % of the lengths furnished per heat of steel. This “RT” after the specification and grade. Requirements of S5
applies only to pipe NPS 8 and larger. shall be required in the certification.
S2.2 If a specimen from any length fails to conform to the
tensile properties specified that length shall be rejected. S6. Stabilizing Heat Treatment
S6.1 Subsequent to the solution anneal required in 6.2,
S3. Flattening Test Grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347,
S3.1 The flattening test of Specification A 999/A 999M shall TP347H, TP348, and TP348H shall be given a stabilization
be made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe. heat treatment at a temperature lower than that used for the
Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary requirement is initial solution annealing heat treatment. The temperature of
specified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be specified. stabilization heat treatment shall be at a temperature as agreed
If a specimen from any length fails because of lack of ductility upon between the purchaser and vendor.
prior to satisfactory completion of the first step of the flattening
S7. Intergranular Corrosion Test
test requirement, that pipe shall be rejected subject to retreat-
ment in accordance with Specification A 999/A 999M and S7.1 When specified, material shall pass intergranular cor-
satisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length of pipe fails rosion tests conducted by the manufacturer in accordance with
because of a lack of soundness that length shall be rejected, Practices A 262, Practice E.
unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining length NOTE S7.1—Practice E requires testing on the sensitized condition for
is sound. low carbon or stabilized grades, and on the as-shipped condition for other
grades.
S4. Etching Tests S7.2 A stabilization heat treatment in accordance with
S4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etching Supplementary Requirement S6 may be necessary and is
tests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions of permitted in order to meet this requirement for the grades
Method E 381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross section containing titanium or columbium, particularly in their H
from one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show sound versions.
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 A 312/A 312M – 02
S8. Minimum Wall Pipe anvil shape suitable for measuring the thickness with an
S8.1 When specified by the purchaser, pipe shall be fur- accuracy to at least 0.001 in. [0.025 mm].
nished on a minimum wall basis. The wall of such pipe shall S9.6 The sample sections, both weld and base metal, shall
not fall below the thickness specified. In addition to the be immersed in the flask containing the solution. Boiling chips
marking required by Section 17, the pipe shall be marked S8. shall be added and the solution brought to a boil. Boiling shall
be maintained through the duration of the test. The time of
S9. Weld Decay Test testing shall be that which is required to remove 40 to 60 % of
S9.1 When specified in the purchase order, one sample from the original base metal thickness (usually 2 h or less) If more
each lot of pipe shall be subject to testing in a boiling solution than 60 % of the base metal thickness remains, it is permitted
of 50 % reagent grade hydrochloric acid and 50 % water. to terminate the test after 24 h.
S9.2 The sample, of approximately 2–in. [50–mm] length,
S9.7 At the end of the test period, the samples shall be
shall be prepared from a production length of pipe. Depending
removed from the solution, rinsed with distilled water, and
on the size of the pipe, it is permitted to section the sample
dried.
longitudinally to allow it to fit in the Erlenmeyer flask. As a
minimum, the tested sample shall include the entire weld and S9.8 The thickness measurements as in S9.5 shall be re-
adjacent area and the full length of base metal 180° across from peated. The anvil shape of the micrometer used shall be
the weld. All burrs and sharp edges shall be removed by light suitable for measuring the minimum remaining thickness with
grinding. Dust and grease shall be removed by cleaning with an accuracy to at least 0.001 in. [0.025 mm].
soap and water or other suitable solvents. S9.9 The corrosion ratio, R, shall be calculated as follows:
S9.3 The hydrochloric acid solution shall be prepared by R 5 ~ W 0 2 W ! / ~ B0 2 B !
slowly adding reagent grade (approximately 37 %) hydrochlo-
ric acid to an equal volume of distilled water. where:
Warning—Protect eyes and use rubber gloves when han- W0 = average weld-metal thickness before the test,
dling acid. Mixing and testing shall be performed in a W = average weld-metal thickness after the test,
protective enclosure. B0 = average base-metal thickness before the test,and
S9.4 The test container shall be a 1–L Erlenmeyer flask B = average base-metal thickness after the test,
equipped with ground-glass joints and an Ahline condenser. S9.9.1 The corrosion ratio for HCW pipe shall be as specified
The volume of the solution shall be approximately 700 mL. in 11.4.
S9.5 The thickness of the weld and the base metal 180° S9.9.2 The corrosion ratio shall be 1.25 or less, or as further
from the weld shall be measured near both ends of the sample. restricted in the purchase order, when the weld decay test is
These measurements shall be made with a micrometer with an specified for welded (WLD) pipe.
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 A 312/A 312M – 02

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DIMENSIONS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS STAINLESS STEEL PIPE

X1.1 Table X1.1 is based on Table number 1 of the

American National Standard for stainless steel pipe (ANSI
B36.19).

TABLE X1.1 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe

NOTE 1—The decimal thickness listed for the respective pipe sizes represents their nominal or average wall dimensions.
NPS Outside Diameter Nominal Wall Thickness
Designator
in. mm Schedule 5SA Schedule 10SA Schedule 40S Schedule 80S
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
⁄
18 0.405 10.29 ... ... 0.049 1.24 0.068 1.73 0.095 2.41
1⁄4 0.540 13.72 ... ... 0.065 1.65 0.088 2.24 0.119 3.02
3⁄8 0.675 17.15 ... ... 0.065 1.65 0.091 2.31 0.126 3.20
1⁄2 0.840 21.34 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.109 2.77 0.147 3.73
3⁄4 1.050 26.67 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.113 2.87 0.154 3.91
1.0 1.315 33.40 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.133 3.38 0.179 4.55
11⁄4 1.660 42.16 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.140 3.56 0.191 4.85
11⁄2 1.900 48.26 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.145 3.68 0.200 5.08
2 2.375 60.33 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54
21⁄2 2.875 73.03 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.203 5.16 0.276 7.01
3 3.500 88.90 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.216 5.49 0.300 7.62
31⁄2 4.000 101.60 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.226 5.74 0.318 8.08
4 4.500 114.30 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.237 6.02 0.337 8.56
5 5.563 141.30 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.258 6.55 0.375 9.52
6 6.625 168.28 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.280 7.11 0.432 10.97
8 8.625 219.08 0.109 2.77 0.148 3.76 0.322 8.18 0.500 12.70
10 10.750 273.05 0.134 3.40 0.165 4.19 0.365 9.27 0.500B 12.70B
12 12.750 323.85 0.156 3.96 0.180 4.57 0.375B 9.52B 0.500B 12.70B
14 14.000 355.60 0.156 3.96 0.188B 4.78B ... ... ... ...
16 16.000 406.40 0.165 4.19 0.188B 4.78B ... ... ... ...
18 18.000 457.20 0.165 4.19 0.188B 4.78B ... ... ... ...
20 20.000 508.00 0.188 4.78 0.218B 5.54B ... ... ... ...
22 22.000 558.80 0.188 4.78 0.218B 5.54B ... ... ... ...
24 24.000 609.60 0.218 5.54 0.250 6.35 ... ... ... ...
30 30.000 762.00 0.250 6.35 0.312 7.92 ... ... ... ...
A
Schedules 5S and 10S wall thicknesses do not permit threading in accordance with the American National Standard for Pipe Threads (ANSI B1.20.1).
B
These do not conform to the American National Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (ANSI B36.10–1979).

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 312/A 312M-01a) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Replaced Specification A 450/A 450M with Specification

A 1016/A 1016M in Section 2 and in paragraph 18.1.2.

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