Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
28 views

Learn Python 3 - Classes Cheatsheet - Codecademy

This document provides information on classes in Python. It discusses Python class methods, instantiating classes, class variables, the __init__ method, the type() function, defining a class, the dir() function, and the __main__ identifier. Key points covered include how methods are defined as part of a class, instantiating a class creates an instance of the blueprint, class variables have the same value for all instances, the __init__ method initializes newly created objects, type() returns the data type, dir() returns valid attributes, and __main__ references the current file context.

Uploaded by

warand rule
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views

Learn Python 3 - Classes Cheatsheet - Codecademy

This document provides information on classes in Python. It discusses Python class methods, instantiating classes, class variables, the __init__ method, the type() function, defining a class, the dir() function, and the __main__ identifier. Key points covered include how methods are defined as part of a class, instantiating a class creates an instance of the blueprint, class variables have the same value for all instances, the __init__ method initializes newly created objects, type() returns the data type, dir() returns valid attributes, and __main__ references the current file context.

Uploaded by

warand rule
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Classes

Python repr method


The Python __repr__() method is used to tell Python class Employee:
what the string representation of the class should be. It
def __init__(self, name):
can only have one parameter, self , and it should return a
string. self.name = name

def __repr__(self):
return self.name

john = Employee('John')
print(john) # John

Python class methods


In Python, methods are functions that are defined as part # Dog class
of a class. It is common practice that the first argument of
class Dog:
any method that is part of a class is the actual object
calling the method. This argument is usually called self. # Method of the class
def bark(self):
print("Ham-Ham")

# Create a new instance


charlie = Dog()

# Call the method


charlie.bark()
# This will output "Ham-Ham"

Instantiate Python Class


In Python, a class needs to be instantiated before use. class Car:
As an analogy, a class can be thought of as a blueprint
"This is an empty class"
(Car), and an instance is an actual implementation of the
blueprint (Ferrari). pass

# Class Instantiation
ferrari = Car()
Python Class Variables
In Python, class variables are defined outside of all class my_class:
methods and have the same value for every instance of
class_variable = "I am a Class Variable!"
the class.
Class variables are accessed with the instance.variable
or class_name.variable syntaxes. x = my_class()
y = my_class()

print(x.class_variable) #I am a Class
Variable!
print(y.class_variable) #I am a Class
Variable!

Python init method


In Python, the .__init__() method is used to initialize a class Animal:
newly created object. It is called every time the class is
def __init__(self, voice):
instantiated.
self.voice = voice

# When a class instance is created, the


instance variable
# 'voice' is created and set to the input
value.
cat = Animal('Meow')
print(cat.voice) # Output: Meow

dog = Animal('Woof')
print(dog.voice) # Output: Woof

Python type() function


The Python type() function returns the data type of the a = 1
argument passed to it.
print(type(a)) # <class 'int'>

a = 1.1
print(type(a)) # <class 'float'>

a = 'b'
print(type(a)) # <class 'str'>

a = None
print(type(a)) # <class 'NoneType'>
Python class
In Python, a class is a template for a data type. A class can # Defining a class
be defined using the class keyword.
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name, number_of_legs):
self.name = name
self.number_of_legs = number_of_legs

Python dir() function


In Python, the built-in dir() function, without any class Employee:
argument, returns a list of all the attributes in the current
def __init__(self, name):
scope.
With an object as argument, dir() tries to return all valid self.name = name
object attributes.

def print_name(self):
print("Hi, I'm " + self.name)

print(dir())
# ['Employee', '__builtins__', '__doc__',
'__file__', '__name__', '__package__',
'new_employee']

print(dir(Employee))
# ['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__',
'print_name']

__main__ in Python
In Python, __main__ is an identifier used to reference
the current file context. When a module is read from
standard input, a script, or from an interactive prompt, its
__name__ is set equal to __main__ .
Suppose we create an instance of a class called
CoolClass . Printing the type() of the instance will
result in:
<class '__main__.CoolClass'>

This means that the class CoolClass was defined in the


current script file.

Print Share

You might also like