Rochelle R.

Paa
Instructor 1
rrpaa@mmsu.edu.ph

d d
• The Concept of Nation Building
• Science and Technology in Nation Building: Global
Perspective and Philippine Setting
• The Philippine Government S&T Agenda
• Major Development Programs and Personalities in S&T
in the Philippines
• Science Education in the Philippines
• Selected Indigenous Science and Technologies
• Ambisyon Natin 2040
•
•
•
TO BE FREE FROM
•Poverty
TO BE FREE FROM
•Inequality
TO BE FREE FROM
•Unemployment
•
➤ the acceleration of economic
growth.
➤ the reduction of inequality.
➤ the eradication of absolute
poverty.
d d
- is a multi-dimensional process.
• involves the reorganization and reorientation of
entire economic and social systems.
• involves major changes in the administrative,
institutional and social structures.
• involves major changes in popular attitudes,
customs and beliefs.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
•
•
•
•
•
In global perspective,
moving on with the
flow of modernity
determines the nation’s
capability to sustain its
people’s lives.
The global economic
situation has become a
basis for determining
the classification of
countries.
- provides annual reports on world economic trends in
different dimensions.
World Economic Situation
and Prospects (WESP) 2022
13 January 2022
TOP 10 among the TOP 40 COUNTRIES:
(2012)
• Science and Technology plays an important role in social and
economic progress
• Government investment on public goods and services, such as

health

roads

clean water education

• Support for small and
medium-scale enterprises
• Support for higher education institutions, science and engineering
sectors, industry and trade associations
• Inter-institutional linkages between universities, industries,
government agencies and non-government organizations
• Good governance.
SECTION 10. Science and technology are essential for national
development and progress. The State shall give priority to research and
development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science
and technology education, training, and services. It shall support
indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, and their application to the country’s productive systems
and national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide
for incentives, including tax
deductions, to encourage private
participation in programs of basic and
applied scientific research.
Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other
forms of incentives shall be provided
to deserving science students,
researchers, scientists, inventors,
technologists, and specially gifted
citizens.
Section 12. The State shall
regulate the transfer and
promote the adaptation of
technology from all sources
for the national benefit. It
shall encourage the widest
participation of private
groups, local governments,
and community-based
organizations in the
generation and utilization of
science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall
protect and secure the
exclusive rights of scientists,
inventors, artists, and other
gifted citizens to their
intellectual property and
creations, particularly when
beneficial to the people, for
such period as may be
provided by law.
-primary science and technology body in the country

-provides central direction, leadership and coordination of all

scientific and technological activities, and of formulating
policies, programs and projects to support national development.

Created: June 13, 1958 (National Science Development Board)

Reorganized: March 17, 1982 (National Science and Technology
Authority)
Elevated to Cabinet level: January 30, 1987, E.O. No. 128, Pres.
Corazon Aquino
Sectoral Planning Councils
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural
Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) - strengthen
the development of research and development (R&D) in the
agriculture, forestry, aquatic, and natural resources sectors, as well
as optimize human and physical resources to develop these
sectors
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development
(PCHRD) - lead council that creates and sustains an enabling
environment for health research in the country
Philippine Council for Industry and Energy and Emerging
Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) - mandated
to serve as the central agency in the development of policies,
plans and programs as well as in the implementation of strategies
in the industry, energy, and emerging technology sectors
Research and Development Institutes
• Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI) - tasked
in conducting scientific research and development in the
advanced fields of Information and Communications
Technology and Microelectronics
• Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) - continues to
provide relevant technologies and scientific information on
food and nutrition
• Forest Product Research and Development Institute
(FPRDI) - the research and development arm on forest
products utilization
• Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) - the flagship
agency of the DOST, generating a large pool of technologies while
providing technical services to industry
• Metal Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) - the sole
government entity directly supporting the metals and engineering industry
with services designed to enhance its competitive advantage
• Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) - mandated to undertake
research and development activities in the peaceful uses of nuclear
energy, to institute regulations on the said uses and to carry out the
enforcement of said regulations to protect the health and safety of
radiation workers and the general public
• Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) - supports the local textile
and allied industries achieve global competitiveness through utilization of
indigenous resources, and development of technical competence in textile
production and quality assurance
Science and Technology Service Institutes
• Information and Communications Technology Office (ICTO)
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
• Philippine Science High School (PSHS) System
• Science Education Institute (SEI)
• Science and Technology Information Institute (STII)
• Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI)
• Technology Resource Center (TRC)
DOST Collegial Bodies

National Academy of Science National Research Council of

and Technology (NAST) the Philippines (NRCP)
DOST Regional Offices (17)

Provincial S&T Centers

Congressional Commission on Science,
Technology, and Engineering

Serves as an advisory
and the policy making
body that aims to
strengthen the linkage
with all sectors related
to S&T in pursuit of its
objectives
Department of Trade and Industry

Responsible for
implementing
industry-focused
policies and with
DOST co-funds
program.
Commission on Higher Education

Responsible for
formulation of
policies, plans, and
programs for the
development of
higher education
system in the country.
The National Economic and Development
Authority

Responsible to
formulate
development plans
and ensure that plan
implementation
achieves the goals of
national development.
Science and Technology Competitiveness in the
Philippines

12 Pillars of the World

Economic Forum’s
Global
Competitiveness
Report Indicators.
Criteria 0 1 2 3

Focus There was no clear There were several topics There was one specific, well-
introduction to the topic. mentioned but could have just focused topic.
focused on one.

Clarity The answer was not clear. The answer addressed the The answer directly addressed
topic in a roundabout way. the topic.

Organization The answer has no The answer had structure and Details were in a logical order Details were in a logical
structure. Readers were paints a complete picture to but could have been presented order and presented in
left to fill in the gaps. the reader. The conclusion was in more interesting ways. The interesting ways. The
There was no conclusion; however, weak. conclusion was recognizable conclusion was strong and
the answer just ended. and tied up almost all the loose stated the point of the
ends. answer.

Application The answer showed a The answer was able to state a The answer showed a clear The answer integrated and
lack of understanding of few basic concepts and comprehension of basic applied basic concepts and
basic concepts and principles. concepts and principles. principles learned from the
principles. previous discussions.
The Philippines Government S&T
Agenda
AMBISYON NATIN 2040

• • •

• •

• • •
•
• • •
Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028
• Serves as the country’s overall blueprint in development
planning for the next six years
• Reflects the government’s policies, strategies, programs,
and legislative priorities in support of and consistent with
President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.’s Socioeconomic
Agenda
• The Plan is geared toward the attainment of the country’s
long-term vision, the AmBisyon Natin 2040, where all
Filipinos are envisioned to enjoy strongly rooted, comfortable,
and secure lives
8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda:
• Food Security
• Improved Transportation
• Affordable and Clean Energy
• Health Care
• Education
• Social Services
• Sound Fiscal Management
• Bureaucratic Efficiency
Overall Goal of the PDP 2023-2028
The PDP aims to reinvigorate
job creation and accelerate
poverty reduction by steering
the Philippine economy back
to its high-growth trajectory
and effect economic and
social transformation for a
prosperous, inclusive, and
resilient society
Goals and Targets of the PDP 2023-2028
In the next six years, the development agenda of the Philippines
will be guided by the following headline socioeconomic targets:
Maintain annual economic
growth rate between 6.0 Keep food and
Transform the production
to 7.0 % in 2023 and overall prices low
sectors through innovation
between 6.5 to 8.0 % from and stable
2024 to 2028

The strategies are

expected to reduce
Create more, better, and Enforce fiscal poverty incidence from 18
more resilient jobs discipline percent in 2021 to
between 8 to 9 percent by
2028
PDP Chapter 8: Advance Research and
Development, Technology, and Innovation

Assessment and Challenges

❖ Philippines ranked 59th in the 2022 Global Innovation Index (GII),
sliding down eight places from its 2021 ranking
❖ The country’s rank in innovation inputs dipped from 72nd in 2021
to 76th in 2022
❖ Innovation outputs fell from 40th in 2021 to 51st in 2022
Critical Challenges Affecting the R&D,
Technology, and Innovation Sector
Inadequate human resources in science-technology-
innovation (STI), and R&D
• Although the country has relatively high 2022 GII score in “Graduates
in Science and Engineering,” it only has less than 174 full-time
researchers per million population, ranking 84th out of 132 countries
Underdeveloped research culture and productivity
• The capacity to create and discover new knowledge and explore its
applications are important considerations in advancing R&D,
technology, and innovation
Insufficient spending on R&D
• The country’s gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) stands at 0.324
percent, which is substantially below the global average of 2.04 percent
and the 1 percent benchmark recommended by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
• The government share to the total R&D expenditure is at 39 percent,
while the private sector is at 61 percent
Underdeveloped linkages among stakeholders in the R&D,
technology, and innovation ecosystem
• The Philippines ranked 64th in the 2022 GII on University- Industry
Collaboration on R&D
Lack of focus on information about markets or users and
market system requirements
• It has been noted that considerations about markets, users or adopters
of R&D products and their needs are still limited in the research process
Need for a more vigorous intellectual property (IP) culture
• The 2022 GII report showed attestable dips in scores in Industrial
Designs (ID), -10 spots in ranking; Cultural and Creative Services
Exports, -9; Utility Models, -7; Patent Families, -7; and Trademarks -3
Barriers to building an innovative and entrepreneurial culture
• Challenges remain at the formation level, such as instilling the value of
innovation and entrepreneurship, integrating this orientation in the
education curriculum at all levels, and reskilling human resources
Strategy Framework
Legislative Agenda
Results Matrix
National Integrated Basic Research
Agenda (NIBRA) 2022 – 2028
Major Components/Research Areas/Priority Areas
1. Blue Skies Research or Pure Basic Research
• refers to fundamental research in the sciences and the humanities which
have no impact or perceived practical use
• promotes creativity and research diversity which have led to a long
history of serendipitous applications in science and technology
• an example of such a technology is the Global Positioning System (GPS)
which would not have been possible without Einstein’s theory of general
relativity
2. Issue-Based or Oriented Basic Research
a) Water Security – Tubig Program (Tubig Ay Buhayin At
Ingatan)
b) Food And Nutrition Security – Sapat Program (Saganang
Pagkain Para Sa Lahat)
c) Health Sufficiency – Likas Program (Likas Yaman Sa
Kalusugan)
d) Clean Energy – Alert Program (Alternative Energy
Research Trends)
e) Sustainable Community – Saklaw Program (Saklolo Sa
Lawa)
f) Inclusive Nation-Building – Atin Program (Ang Tinig
Natin)
3. Policy Research
1. Continuing review of existing policies affecting the AANR sectors
2. Policy research on natural resources/environment-related issues,
agricultural trade, supply chain/value chain related issues and R&D
governance, compliance to standards across the value chain
3. Impact assessment of technologies, AANR programs and projects
4. Socio-economic studies on production and marketing efficiencies,
role of social institutions in technology adoption, labor migration,
development of social enterprise models, gender and
development
5. Agriculture and resource economic studies including market
research, agrarian/asset reform, environmental valuation,
economies of scale/collective farming
6. Policy studies on global competitiveness of Philippines AANR
sector
Personalities in S&T in the Philippines
National Scientists
Dr. Angel C. Alcala
• a distinguished Filipino marine biologist and
environmentalist.
• widely recognized for his pioneering work in
marine conservation and the protection of
Philippine coral reefs
• His research had a profound impact on the
understanding of marine ecosystems and
biodiversity in the Philippines.
National Scientists

Dr. Ramon C. Barba

• renowned Filipino horticulturist and plant
physiologist.
• best known for his groundbreaking work
in mango flower induction using
potassium nitrate (KNO3).
• His research have significantly contributed
to the improvement of mango production
in the Philippines and other tropical
countries.
National Scientists
Dr. Edgardo D. Gomez
• prominent Filipino marine biologist.
• He is recognized for his extensive
research on marine biodiversity and coral
reef ecosystems, particularly in the
Philippines.
• Dr. Gomez's work has advanced the
understanding of coral reef ecology,
marine conservation, and the protection
of coastal ecosystems.
Science Education in the Philippines
Science Education in the Philippines
The learners demonstrate understanding
of basic science concepts and application
of science-inquiry skills. They exhibit
scientific attitudes and values to solve
problems critically, innovate beneficial
products, protect the environment and
conserve resources, enhance the integrity
and wellness of people, make informed
decisions, and engage in discussions of
relevant issues that involve science,
technology, and environment.
Science Education in the Philippines
The framework is organized
around three interlocking
components namely: inquiry
skills, scientific attitudes, and
content and connections, as
shown in the diagram. Being
interrelated, these
components are woven
together in order to support
the holistic development of a
scientifically literate
individual.
Selected Indigenous Science and
Technologies
Aerogas Catalytic Combuster
• Engr. Marino C. Martinez.
• convert biodegradable waste materials, such as agricultural and organic waste, into
clean and renewable energy.
• not only addresses waste management issues but also contributes to reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and providing sustainable energy sources in rural areas.
Selected Indigenous Science and
Technologies
Sustainable Alternative Lighting
(SALt)
• Aisa Mijeno (a Filipina engineer and entrepreneur).
• uses a saltwater solution to generate electricity,
providing a sustainable and affordable lighting source
for off-grid and remote communities in the Philippines.
rural areas and reduces dependence on fossil fuels and
traditional lighting sources.
• addresses the lack of reliable electricity access in
many
Selected Indigenous Science and
Technologies
SALAMANDER Amphibious
Tricycle
• Victor Llave (Filipino inventor)
• eco-friendly mode of transportation designed
to navigate both land and water.
• provides an alternative means of transportation
during floods and helps communities maintain
mobility in adverse weather conditions.
Activity 4
Criteria 0 1 2 3

Focus There was no clear There were several topics There was one specific, well-
introduction to the topic. mentioned but could have just focused topic.
focused on one.

Clarity The answer was not clear. The answer addressed the The answer directly addressed
topic in a roundabout way. the topic.

Organization The answer has no The answer had structure and Details were in a logical order Details were in a logical
structure. Readers were paints a complete picture to but could have been presented order and presented in
left to fill in the gaps. the reader. The conclusion was in more interesting ways. The interesting ways. The
There was no conclusion; however, weak. conclusion was recognizable conclusion was strong and
the answer just ended. and tied up almost all the loose stated the point of the
ends. answer.

Application The answer showed a The answer was able to state a The answer showed a clear The answer integrated and
lack of understanding of few basic concepts and comprehension of basic applied basic concepts and
basic concepts and principles. concepts and principles. principles learned from the
principles. previous discussions.
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References
• Science, Technology, and Society. Bautista et al., 2018. Maxcor Publishing
House Inc.
• https://fprdi.dost.gov.ph/agency-links/sectoral-planning-councils
• https://region6.dost.gov.ph/agency-links/st-service-institutes/
• https://fprdi.dost.gov.ph/agency-links/research-and-development-institutes
• Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 Briefer
• Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 Full Publication
• DOST Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda (2022-2028)

• https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-
population-counts-declared-official-president
• https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/lists/national-scientists-of-the-philippines/
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