- The auditor issued a qualified opinion on Kakashi Corporation's 2021-2022 financial statements due to an invalid change in accounting estimate disclosed by the client.
- The auditor found that the change in estimate did not meet criteria in relevant accounting standards regarding necessity due to new information or events.
- As a result, the auditor was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support the validity of the change in estimate, raising doubts about the reliability of the financial statements.
- The auditor issued a qualified opinion on Kakashi Corporation's 2021-2022 financial statements due to an invalid change in accounting estimate disclosed by the client.
- The auditor found that the change in estimate did not meet criteria in relevant accounting standards regarding necessity due to new information or events.
- As a result, the auditor was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support the validity of the change in estimate, raising doubts about the reliability of the financial statements.
- The auditor issued a qualified opinion on Kakashi Corporation's 2021-2022 financial statements due to an invalid change in accounting estimate disclosed by the client.
- The auditor found that the change in estimate did not meet criteria in relevant accounting standards regarding necessity due to new information or events.
- As a result, the auditor was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support the validity of the change in estimate, raising doubts about the reliability of the financial statements.
- The auditor issued a qualified opinion on Kakashi Corporation's 2021-2022 financial statements due to an invalid change in accounting estimate disclosed by the client.
- The auditor found that the change in estimate did not meet criteria in relevant accounting standards regarding necessity due to new information or events.
- As a result, the auditor was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support the validity of the change in estimate, raising doubts about the reliability of the financial statements.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
Melizamia W. Lanson Certified Public Accountant CAINATORS Auditing Firm October 11, 2023
To the Shareholders and Directors of Kakashi Corporation
Auditor’s Opinion on the Validity of Change in Accounting Estimate Disclosure
We have audited the consolidated and comparative financial statements of Kakashi Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2022, and have conducted our audit in accordance with the International Standards on Auditing. Our audit was designed to obtain reasonable assurance regarding the financial statements' accuracy and fairness. During the course of our audit, we identified a significant matter that, in our professional judgment, affects the financial statements' reliability. Specifically, the client has included a note in the financial statements disclosing a change in accounting estimate. After thorough examination and evaluation, we have determined that this change in accounting estimate is invalid and not in compliance with the relevant accounting standards.
Basis for Qualified Opinion
Upon review, we found that the change in accounting estimate disclosed by the client does not appear to be valid based on the available information and documentation. The change in estimate does not meet the criteria outlined in relevant accounting standards, including those related to the necessity for a change due to new information, events, or circumstances. As a result, we are unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the validity of this change in accounting estimate. This raises doubts about the reliability of the financial statements, specifically with regard to the change in estimate, and the potential impact on the overall financial position and results of operations of Kakashi Corporation for the year 2022. In light of the above, we are unable to express an unqualified opinion on the consolidated and comparative financial statements of Kakashi Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2022.
Key Audit Matters
In conducting the audit of Kakashi Corporation's consolidated and comparative financial statements for the years ended 2021 and 2022, a significant key audit matter arises concerning the validity of a noted change in accounting estimate. The client has indicated a change in accounting estimate in their financial statements, necessitating a thorough assessment to ascertain its validity and appropriateness in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Our audit, in alignment with PSA, involves evaluating the justification and compliance with relevant accounting principles, determining the reasonableness and consistency of the change, assessing the impact on prior periods, and evaluating management's disclosure of the change in estimate. The audit procedures and evaluations of this key matter are pivotal to providing assurance on the accuracy, fairness, and transparency of the financial statements, reflecting our commitment to delivering a high- quality and reliable audit opinion.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the
Consolidated Financial Statements The responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the consolidated financial statements of Kakashi Corporation for the years ended 2021 and 2022 are significant. Management holds the primary responsibility for the preparation, presentation, and fair representation of the financial statements. This encompasses the selection of appropriate accounting policies and estimates, as well as the overall design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control systems. Furthermore, those charged with governance, which typically includes the Board of Directors, Audit Committee, and other relevant oversight bodies, have a vital role to play. They are responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process and ensuring that it aligns with applicable accounting standards and regulatory requirements. This includes the evaluation of significant accounting estimates and changes therein. In the case of a noted change in accounting estimate that is deemed invalid during the audit, those charged with governance must engage in a dialogue with management to address the issue and ensure that the financial statements accurately reflect the company's financial position. In summary, the responsibilities outlined in PSA underscore the critical roles of both management and those charged with governance in maintaining the integrity and transparency of Kakashi Corporation's consolidated financial statements. These responsibilities are paramount to fostering trust among stakeholders and ensuring compliance with accounting standards and regulations.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial
Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with PSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with PSAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
In accordance with Audit Report PSA 700, based on our audit of the consolidated and comparative financial statements of Kakashi Corporation for the years ended 2021 and 2022, it is our professional judgment that a change in accounting estimate noted by the client is invalid. We have carefully assessed the appropriateness and validity of this change and found it inconsistent with established accounting principles and guidelines. As auditors, we cannot concur with the client's proposed change in accounting estimate, and we will further engage with the client to rectify this discrepancy and ensure compliance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements. This disagreement has been appropriately disclosed and explained within our audit report to maintain transparency and accuracy in the reporting process. Sincerely, Melizamia W. Lanson Certified Public Accountant CAINATORS Auditing Firm