CIKITUSI JOURNAL FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN NO: 0975-6876

Planning, analysis and design of G+3 Residential building

1 2 3, 4
S. Karthika , S. Sasikumar , M. Sangeetha K. Vinoth Kumar
1
Assistant professor, Civil department, Sona College of technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.
2
UG Student Civil departments, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
4
G Student Civil departments, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
UG Student Civil departments, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract Structural engineers are facing the challenge of striving for the most efficient and economical design with
accuracy in solution, while ensuring that the final design of a building must be serviceable for its intended function over its
design lifetime. In the present study G+3 building at Salem, Tamilnadu, India is analyzed (Slabs, Beams, Columns and
Footings) using Staad pro software. In order to design them, it is important to first obtain the plan of the particular building
that is, positioning of the rooms (Living room, bed room, kitchen toilet etc.) such that they serve their respective purpose
and also suiting to the requirement and comfort of the inhabitants. Thereby depending on the suitability; plan layout of
beams and the position of columns are fixed. Thereafter, the loads are calculated namely dead loads, which depends on
the unit weight of the materials used (concrete, brick) and the live loads, which according to the code IS:456-2000 and
2
HYSD BARS Fe 500 as per IS:1786-1985. Safe bearing capacity of soil is adopted as 300kN/m at a depth of 6ft and same
soil should extent 1.5 times the width of footing below the base of footing. Footings are designed based on the safe bearing
capacity of soil. F`or designing of columns and beams, it is necessary to calculate the moments they are subjected to. For
this purpose, frame analysis is done by limit state method. Designing of slabs depends upon its type (one way, two way
slab), the end conditions and the loading. From the slabs, the loads are transferred to the beam. Thereafter, the loads from
the beams are taken by the columns. Finally, the sections must be checked for all the components with regard to strength
and serviceability.

Key Words: Beams, Columns, Design, STAAD Pro, Shear force, bending moment and Axial force.

1. INTRODUCTION
Building construction is the engineering deals with the construction of building such as residential houses. Buildings are the
important indicator of social progress of the county. Every human has desire to own comfortable home on an average
generally one spends his two-third life times in the house. The security civic sense of the responsibility. A design of R.C
building of G+6 storey frame work is taken up. The building in plan (16.6 x 10.9) consists of columns built monolithically
forming a network. The size of building is 16.6 x 10.9m. The number of columns is 28. It is residential complex. The design
is made using software on structural analysis design (STAAD Pro). The building subjected to the vertical loads. The vertical
load consists of dead load of structural components such as beams, columns, slabs etc and live loads.

Buildings come in a wide amount of shapes and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a
wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, ground
conditions, specific uses and aesthetic reasons. The design process of multi-storied building requires not only
imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of science of structural engineering besides the
knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes, bye laws, backed up by ample experience,
intuition and judgment. The purpose of standards is to ensure and enhance the safety, keeping careful balance
between economy and safety. In the present study G+3 building at Salem, Tamil nadu, India is designed.

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2. METHODOLOGY

PLANNING Using Auto CADD

Elevation of building by using

3-D MODELLING Revit Architecture.
Analysis of RCC framed
structure.
ANALYSIS
Shear Force and Bending
Moment calculations.
Design of Slab, Beam, Column,
DESIGN Footing and Staircase.

3. BUILDING DATA FOR ANALYSIS

Utility of Building : Residential Building
Area of the site : 87 x 68.38 (ft)
Building Height : 43 ft
Number of Storey : (G+3)
Type of construction : R.C.C Framed Structure
Shape of Building : Rectangular
Number of staircase : One
Number of Lift : One
Type of Walls : Brick Wall
Thickness of Slab : 4.72” (120mm)
Thickness of : 9“(230mm)
External Wall
Thickness of : 3.93” (100mm)
Internal Wall
Dimensions of Column : C1 230x450 mm
C2 230x230 mm
Dimensions of Beams : B1 230x300 mm

4. ANALYSIS DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

The modeling analysis is done in the STAAD PRO, the design analysis results are as follows,

Fig1. 3D modeling in STAAD PRO

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Fig2. Wall load diagram

Fig3. Skelton structure of building

Fig4. Bending moment diagram

Fig5. Shear force diagram

Fig6. Envelope diagram showing max Bending & Shear

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Fig 7 Load due to staircase

Fig 8 load due to lift

5. DESIGN OF RCC ELEMENTS

The RCC are slab, beam, column, footing and stair case etc…

5.1 .Design of slab

Slabs are most widely used structural elements forming floor and roof of building. Slab support mainly
transverse load and transfer them to supports by bending actions more or one directions. On the basis of
spanning direction: It is two type (one way slab, two way slab).

5.1.1 .One way slab:

When the slab is supported on two opposite side parallel edges, it spans only in the directions
perpendicular to the supporting edges. It bends in one directions and main steel is provided in the
directions of the span. Such a slab is known as one- way slab.

5.1.2. Two way slab:

When the slab is supported on four edges and the load distribution is also on four edges of the panel. The reinforcement is
provided on both the sides. Such slab is known as two way slab. Fig 7 shows the slab detailing. HYSD of 10 mm dia @ 180
mm C/C is placed along Longer & shorter span with 8mm dia @ 220 mm c/c across the span.

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Fig7. Two way slab reinforcement

5.2 .DESIGN OF BEAM

A reinforced concrete beam should be able to resist tensile compressive and shear stresses induced in it by the loads on
the beam. Concrete is fairly strong in compression but weak in tensile strength. Plain concrete beams are thus evaded in
carrying capacity by the low tensile strength. Steel is very strong in tension. Thus the weakness of concrete is overcome by
the provision of reinforcing steel in the tension zone around the concrete to make a reinforced concrete beam. The
designing of the beam mainly consist of fixing the breadth and depth of the beam and arriving at the area of steel and the
diameters of bars to be used. The breadth of the beam is generally kept equal to the thickness of the wall to avoid offset
inside the room. It shall not exceed the width of the column for effective transfer of the load from beam to column. The
depth of the beam is taken by L/10 to L/6. Therefore in the present design all beams are in rectangular shape having the
breadth and depth of the beam is 230mm and 300mm respectively. There are two types of reinforced concrete beams
(i) Single reinforced beams
(ii)Double reinforced beams
(i) Single reinforced beams:
In singly reinforced, simply supported beams steel bars are placed near the bottom of the beam where
they are effective in resisting in the tensile bending stress.
(ii) Double reinforced beams:
It is reinforced in both compression and tension zone. The necessities of steel of compression region arise due
to two reasons. Fig 8 shows the Beam detailing. 4 nos 16mm dia are placed in tension zone with 2 legged
stirrups of 6mm @ 200mm c/c and 3 nos of 16mm dia bars are provided in compression zone.

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Fig 8. Beam reinforcement

5.3. DESIGN OF COLUMNS
A column in general may be defined as a member carrying direct axial load which causes compressive stresses of such
magnitude that these stresses largely control its design. The columns are subjected to axial loads (Pu) and uniaxial bending
moment (Mu). The column section shall be designed just above and just below the beam column joint and larger of the two
reinforcements shall be adopted. The design carried on basis of IS 456:2000. The fig 9 shows the detailing arrangement of
reinforcement in column 16 mm diameter bar with 200 mm center to center spacing is provided.

Fig 9 .Column reinforcement

5.4. FOOTING
Foundations are structural elements that transfer loads from the building or individual column to the earth .If these
loads are to be properly transmitted, foundations must be designed to prevent to curtail differential settlement and to
provide adequate safety against sliding and overturning. Foundation design involves a geotechnical study to
establish the most appropriate type of foundation and a structural design to determine footing dimensions. Because
compressive strength of the soil is generally much weaker than that of the concrete, the contact area between the
soil and the footing is much larger than that of the columns and walls. The present study indicates that the site is
located in granite rock which is suitable for shallow foundation. To determine the bearing capacity of soil, undisturbed
2
samples of soil are tested in the laboratory and found that the Safe bearing capacity of soil is 300kN/m at a depth of
6ft and same soil should extent 1.5 times the width of footing below the base of footing.

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Depending on the bearing capacity of soil and designing of structure isolated square footings and rectangular
footing of M-20 mix and reinforced with HYSD bars of Fe-500. Isolated rectangular sloped footing is adopted.
The slope is provided to decrease the concrete in the construction which results into economic construction. A
pedestal is used to carry the loads from metal columns through the floor and soil to the footing when the footing
is at some depth in the ground. And an isolated column footing transfers the loads from a single column to the
supporting soil. The footing is designed for flexure, punching or two-way shear, and flexural or one-way shear.
The net bearing capacity of soil beneath determines the size of the footing and similarly punching shear
governs the depth of the footing. Fig 10 shows the sectional detailing of the reinforcement in footing.

Fig10. Column and footing reinforcement.

5.5. DESIGN OF STAIR CASE:
Stairs consist of steps arranged in a series for purpose of giving access to different floors of a building.
The location of stairs requires good and careful consideration. In the present design Dog-legged staircase
is proposed. The dimensional details of breadth, length and height are 0.9m, 3.43 m, and 1.44 m
respectively. Fig 11 shows the reinforcement detailing in staircase and the plan view of the staircase.

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Fig11. Staircase reinforcement and plan view

6. CONCLUSIONS
i. Structural frame works are modeled in STAAD and analyzed.
ii. Load combinations as per Indian Standards and guidelines are followed to ensure the safety of Building in
both Ultimate state and serviceability state.
iii. Structural components are designed for max bending & shear which further warrants the well-being of Structure.
iv. Cross sectional details of all components are not bargained and meanwhile economical section is
ensured which avoids the national wastage.
v. Detailing is presented using Auto CADD for clarity.
Analyzing and detailing software aids time wastage and also adds in accuracy of results.

CODE BOOKS

i. IS 456-2000 code book for design of beams, columns and slabs

ii. SP-16 for design of columns.

REFERENCES
[1] V.Varalakshmi, G. Shiva Kumar and R. Sunil Sarma, “Analysis and Design of G+5 residential building”, mini project
report, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and Management, Dundigal, Hyderabad, India-2014.
[2] Aman, Manjunath Nalwadgi, Vishal T, Gajendra, Analysis and design of multistory building by using STAAD Pro, AIET Kalaburagi,
Karnataka, India – 2016.
[3] R.D.Deshpande, Manoj. N. Pai, N. Pawan, Aashish.P.Pednekar, “ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND
ESTIMATION OF BASEMENT+G+2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING,” KLS Gogte Institute of Technology,
Belagavi, Karnataka, India- 2017.
[4] Divya kmath, K.Vandana Reddy, Analysis and Design of reinforced concrete structures-A G+5 building model,
mini project report, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India- 2012.

BIOGRAPHIES

Prof. S. Karthika, M.Tech.,

Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil engineering,
Sona College of Technology,
Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Mr .S. Sasikumar,
UG Student,
Department of Civil engineering,
Sona College of Technology,
Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ms. M.Sangeetha,
UG Student,
Department of Civil engineering,
Sona College of Technology,
Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mr. K .Vinoth Kumar

UG Student,
Department of Civil engineering,
Sona College of Technology,
Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

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