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    SCIENCE 10 MELC 1 - Volcanoes, Epicenters, and Mountain Ranges in The PH

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    Xamantha Jean Brianne Medina
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, tectonic plates, earthquakes, and seismic waves. It discusses the four major layers of the Earth - the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. It describes the two main types of crust - oceanic and continental. It also outlines the movement of tectonic plates and some of the major and minor tectonic plates. The document then covers earthquakes, including defining epicenter, focus, and Richter scale. Finally, it discusses seismic waves and different types of body and surface waves.

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    SCIENCE 10 MELC 1 - Volcanoes, Epicenters, and Mountain Ranges in The PH

    Uploaded by

    Xamantha Jean Brianne Medina
    15 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, tectonic plates, earthquakes, and seismic waves. It discusses the four major layers of the Earth - the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. It describes the two main types of crust - oceanic and continental. It also outlines the movement of tectonic plates and some of the major and minor tectonic plates. The document then covers earthquakes, including defining epicenter, focus, and Richter scale. Finally, it discusses seismic waves and different types of body and surface waves.

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    SCIENCE 10 MELC 1 - Volcanoes, Epicenters, And Mountain Ranges in the PH

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    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, tectonic plates, earthquakes, and seismic waves. It discusses the four major layers of the Earth - the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. It describes the two main types of crust - oceanic and continental. It also outlines the movement of tectonic plates and some of the major and minor tectonic plates. The document then covers earthquakes, including defining epicenter, focus, and Richter scale. Finally, it discusses seismic waves and different types of body and surface waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views3 pages

    SCIENCE 10 MELC 1 - Volcanoes, Epicenters, and Mountain Ranges in The PH

    Uploaded by

    Xamantha Jean Brianne Medina
    The document summarizes key concepts about the layers of the Earth, tectonic plates, earthquakes, and seismic waves. It discusses the four major layers of the Earth - the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. It describes the two main types of crust - oceanic and continental. It also outlines the movement of tectonic plates and some of the major and minor tectonic plates. The document then covers earthquakes, including defining epicenter, focus, and Richter scale. Finally, it discusses seismic waves and different types of body and surface waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    EARTH SCIENCE 10 MELC 1

    VOLCANOES, EPICENTERS, AND MOUNTAIN RANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES


    QUARTER 1 AY 2022-2023 MELC 1 - PIVOT & PPT-BASED

    - A liquid layer made up of


    nickel and iron that
    OUTLINE surrounds the inner core.
    3. Mantle
    1 4 LAYERS OF THE EARTH - A thick layer made up of
    2 TECTONIC PLATES molten rocks covering the
    center.
    3 EARTHQUAKES 4. Crust
    - Outer solid rock layer
    4 SEISMIC WAVES
    - Consists of tectonic plates

    TYPES OF CRUST
    INTRODUCTION
    OCEANIC CONTINENTAL
    ● According to PHIVOLCS, the
    - Made up of - Made up of
    Philippines have 23 active volcanoes SIMA SIAL
    and 400 mountains. (Silicon + (Silicon +
    ● The Philippines belongs to the Magnesium) Aluminum)
    Pacific RIng of Fire. - Made up of - Consists of
    mafic lower
    basaltic density
    4 LAYERS OF THE EARTH rocks felsic
    - Occupies granitic
    bodies of rocks
    water (granite)
    - Less thick - Occupies
    - More landform
    density - Thicker
    - Less density

    ● Lithosphere
    - A solid portion of the planet
    wherein it covers the crust
    and upper mantle.
    1. Inner Core ● Asthenosphere
    - Center of the Earth - Hotter upper mantle below
    - Hottest spot of the planet the lithospheric plate.
    - Made up of solid iron and - Upper Mantle’s special
    nickel feature
    2. Outer Core - Viscoelastic solid, not liquid
    (like SIlly Putty)

    1
    EARTH SCIENCE 10 MELC 1
    VOLCANOES, EPICENTERS, AND MOUNTAIN RANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES
    QUARTER 1 AY 2022-2023 MELC 1 - PIVOT & PPT-BASED

    TECTONIC PLATES EARTHQUAKES

    ● Plate – chunk of lithosphere


    ● Tectonic – movement of plates
    ● Plate Tectonic – movement of plates

    Minor and Major Plates

    ● Earthquake – a vibration of the Earth


    produced by the rapid release of
    energy.
    ● Epicenter – the point on the Earth’s
    surface vertically and directly above
    the hypocenter (focus).
    ● Focus (Hypocenter) – the point
    ● 7 Major Plates within the Earth where an
    1. African Plate earthquake originates.
    2. Antarctic Plate ● Seismograph (seismometer) – an
    3. Indo-Australian Plate instrument used to detect and record
    4. North American Plate earthquakes
    5. Pacific Plate
    6. South American
    7. Eurasian
    - 94% of Earth’s surface is
    occupied by the Major Plate.
    ● Minor Tectonic Plate
    1. Nazca Plate - Eastern
    Pacific Ocean basin off the
    west coast of South America
    2. Caribbean Plate - Central
    America – Caribbean Sea ● Seismology – study of earthquakes
    3. Cocos Plate - Pacific Ocean ● Seismic Station – a station for
    off the west coast of Central recording oscillations (movements)
    America of the earth’s surface caused by
    4. Juan de Fuca Plate - Named earthquakes and is the primary
    after Juan de Fuca Ridge processing of the records obtained.
    ● Seismogram – visual record that is
    ● Plates move to 1-10 cm per year created by a seismograph.

    2
    EARTH SCIENCE 10 MELC 1
    VOLCANOES, EPICENTERS, AND MOUNTAIN RANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES
    QUARTER 1 AY 2022-2023 MELC 1 - PIVOT & PPT-BASED

    SEISMIC WAVES

    ● Arrival time – the time that a seismic


    wave arrives at a seismic station.
    ● Lag time – the difference between
    ● Seismic Waves – form of waves that arrival times of p and s waves.
    the energy radiates in all directions
    from the focus. The Richter Scale
    1. Surface Waves ● The Richter scale is used to rate the
    A. Love Waves magnitude of an earthquake, that is
    B. Rayleigh Waves the amount of energy released
    2. Body Waves during an earthquake.
    A. P-Wave (Primary ● Charles F. Richter of California
    Wave) – travels faster Institute of Technology – invented
    than other seismic the Richter scale in 1935 as a
    waves and hence is mathematical device to compare the
    the first signal or size of earthquakes.
    wave from an
    earthquake to arrive.

    B. S-Wave (Secondary
    Wave) – the second
    wave from an
    earthquake to arrive
    at any affected
    location.

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