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    Method Study

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    Aathithya Pravin V S
    The document discusses work study, which aims to simplify, standardize, and measure work. It describes the objectives and techniques of work study, including method study and time study. Method study involves systematically analyzing work methods to develop more effective procedures. Key steps include selecting jobs to study, recording current methods, examining records, developing improved methods, and maintaining standards. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams, and micro motion study are used.

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    Method Study

    Uploaded by

    Aathithya Pravin V S
    15 views50 pages
    The document discusses work study, which aims to simplify, standardize, and measure work. It describes the objectives and techniques of work study, including method study and time study. Method study involves systematically analyzing work methods to develop more effective procedures. Key steps include selecting jobs to study, recording current methods, examining records, developing improved methods, and maintaining standards. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams, and micro motion study are used.

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    The document discusses work study, which aims to simplify, standardize, and measure work. It describes the objectives and techniques of work study, including method study and time study. Method study involves systematically analyzing work methods to develop more effective procedures. Key steps include selecting jobs to study, recording current methods, examining records, developing improved methods, and maintaining standards. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams, and micro motion study are used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views50 pages

    Method Study

    Uploaded by

    Aathithya Pravin V S
    The document discusses work study, which aims to simplify, standardize, and measure work. It describes the objectives and techniques of work study, including method study and time study. Method study involves systematically analyzing work methods to develop more effective procedures. Key steps include selecting jobs to study, recording current methods, examining records, developing improved methods, and maintaining standards. Recording techniques like process charts, diagrams, and micro motion study are used.

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    Work Study

    Work study

    ⚫ Generic term used for techniques, Method


    Study and Work Measurement, with which
    work can be simplified, standardized and
    measured.
    ⚫ It aims at improving existing and proposed
    ways of doing work and establishing
    standard times for work performance.
    Need of work study (Advantages)

    1. To Lower costs
    2. To Increase productivity
    3. To Increase profitability
    4. To Increase jobs security
    5. To simplify and standardize work
    6. To Establish work standards and time
    standards
    7. To Check achievement against standards.
    Objectives of work study

    ⚫ The most effective use of plant and


    equipment.
    ⚫ The most effective use of human effect.
    ⚫ The evaluation of human work.
    Techniques of work study

    1. Method study
    2. Work measurement (Time study)
    Work study procedure

    1. SELECT the job or process to be studied


    2. RECORD all the details concerning job
    using recording technique.
    3. EXAMINE the recorded facts critically.
    4. DEVELOP the most economic method
    5. MEASURE the quantity of work involved in
    the selected method and determine a
    standard time for doing that job.
    Work study procedure

    6. DEFINE the new method and the related


    standard time
    7. INSTALL the new method with the standard
    time as agreed standard practice
    8. MAINTAIN the standard practice with the
    help of proper control procedures.
    Method Study
    Method Study

    ⚫ “It is systematic recording and critical


    examination of existing and proposed ways
    of doing work as a means of developing and
    applying easier and more effective methods
    and reducing cost.”
    ⚫ The main purpose of method study is to
    eliminate un necessary operations and to
    achieve the best method of performing the
    operation.
    Objectives of Method Study
    (or Advantages)

    1. To improve and achieve best work methods


    and procedures.
    2. To determine best sequence of doing work
    3. To smoothen material flow
    4. To improve working conditions and reduce
    health hazards
    5. To improve labor efficiency
    Objectives of Method Study
    (or Advantages)

    6. To improve plant utilization and material


    utilization
    7. To eliminate waste and unproductive
    operations
    8. To reduce manufacturing costs through
    reducing cycle time of operations.
    Steps involved in Method Study

    1. SELECT the job to be analyzed


    a. Economic aspects
    b. Technical aspects
    c. Human considerations
    2. RECORD all relevant facts about present
    methods. Recording techniques used are
    a. Process charts
    b. Diagrams
    c. Micro motion study
    Steps involved in Method Study

    3. EXAMINE the recorded facts


    4. DEVELOP the new most efficient, practical
    and economic method. It is done 3 phases
    a. Evaluation
    b. Investigation
    c. Selection
    Steps involved in Method Study

    5. DEFINE the new method


    6. INSTALL the method as standard practice
    a. Recommendation phase
    b. Implementation phase
    7. MAINTAIN the standard practice
    Recording techniques
    Method study symbols
    (Process chart symbols)
    Recording Techniques

    1. Process charts
    i. Operation process chart ( Outline process
    charts)
    ii. Flow process chart
    iii. Multiple activity chart
    iv. Two handed process chart
    v. SIMO chart
    Recording Techniques

    2. Diagrams
    i. Flow diagram
    ii. String diagram
    iii. Cycle graph
    iv. Chronocycle graph
    3. Micro motion study
    1. Process charts

    ⚫ Give over all view


    ⚫ Helps to visualize possibilities of
    improvement
    1.1. Operation process chart ( Outline
    process charts)

    ⚫ Give overall picture of entire process at a


    glance
    ⚫ Shows where material enters and what
    operations, inspections are carried out
    ⚫ Does not show where work take place and
    who performs
    1.2. Flow process chart

    ⚫ More detailed
    ⚫ Give sequence of flow of work of a product
    ⚫ it is graphic representation arranged
    according to time sequence of all operations,
    transportation, inspection, delay, storage
    occurring during a process
    ⚫ Include information like time required,
    distance moved.
    1.2. Flow process chart

    ⚫ Types of flow process charts


    1. Material type – shows events that occur to
    material
    2. Man type – shows activities performed by man
    3. Equipment type – shows how equipment is used
    1.2. Flow process chart

    ⚫ Use or advantage
    – To reduce distance traveled by men and material
    – To avoid waiting time and unnecessary delay
    – To reduce cycle time by combining or eliminating
    operations
    – To fix up sequence of operations
    – To relocate the inspection stages
    1.3. Two handed process chart

    ⚫ Most detailed type


    ⚫ Activities of both hands of workers are
    recorded in relation to one another
    ⚫ Helps to know what left hand does when
    right hand is working
    1.4. Multiple activity chart

    ⚫ Simultaneous activities of more than one


    man operator or machine are recorded on a
    common time scale to show their inter
    relationship
    1.4. Multiple activity chart

    ⚫ Use
    – To study idle time of man and machine
    – To determine no: of machines which one operator
    can handle
    – To determine no: of operators needed in a team to
    perform given job
    – To combine or eliminate some operations
    – To reduce idle time of machines and operators
    and thus increase their utilization
    1.6. SIMO chart (simultaneous Motion
    Cycle)

    ⚫ It is a recording technique for micro motion


    study
    ⚫ It shows on a common time scale the
    simultaneous movements ( therbligs)
    performed by two hands of an operator
    ⚫ It permits very accurate and detailed analysis
    ⚫ We can conduct study at ease, peacefully
    and away from disturbing surrounding of
    actual work place
    ⚫ High cost
    Therbligs - symbols

    34
    2. Diagrams

    ⚫ Flow process chart shows sequence and


    nature of movement but does not show path
    of movements
    ⚫ Diagrams record path of movement
    ⚫ Use
    – To study different layout plans and select most
    optimal layout
    – To study traffic and frequency over different routes
    of the plant
    – Identification of back tracking and obstacles
    during movements.
    2.1. Flow diagram

    ⚫ Shows rough( or scaled) view of work space


    with a connecting set of arrows and line to
    indicate routes of travel followed by workers,
    materials or equipment.
    2.2. String Diagram

    ⚫ Scaled layout drawing on which length of a


    string is used to record the extend as well as
    pattern of movement of a worker.
    ⚫ We will get actual distance traveled
    ⚫ We can easily identify repetitive movements
    between work stations
    2.3. Cycle graph

    ⚫ To measure motions of very small time, but


    repeats hundreds of time
    ⚫ Small bulb attached to workers hand, legs
    etc
    ⚫ Path of light photographed with still camera
    ⚫ It will not give direction or speed of
    movement
    2.4. Chrono- cycle graph

    ⚫ To find direction and speed of movement


    ⚫ Here light source is interrupted so that path appears
    as a series of pear shaped dots.
    ⚫ The pointed end indicate direction of movement
    ⚫ Space between dots indicate speed of movement
    ⚫ Time taken determined by knowing the rate at which
    light source is being interrupted and by counting no:
    of dots
    ⚫ Size and shape of dot will show whether body part is
    in acceleration or in retardation.
    3. Micro motion study

    ⚫ “ It is a technique of recording and analyzing


    the timings of fundamental elements of an
    operation with the aim of achieving the best
    method of performing the operation”
    ⚫ Micro motion study is a set of techniques
    intended to divide human activities in to a
    group of movements or micro motion ( called
    “therbligs” ) and the study of such movement
    helps to find one best pattern of movement.
    3. Micro motion study

    ⚫ Developed by Frank B Gilbreth


    ⚫ Therbligs refer primarily to motion of human
    body at workplace and mental activities
    associated with it.
    Steps in Micro motion study

    1. Filming the operations to be studied using


    video tapes
    2. Analysis of data from the film
    • Film run at slow speed, stopped or reversed
    frequently to identify therbligs
    3. Recording of data using SIMO chart
    Memo motion study

    ⚫ For jobs which does not need to be


    examined in fine detail
    ⚫ Record activities by use of camera to take
    picture at longer intervals than normal.

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