The document discusses different types of research designs used in business research methodology. It describes five main types of research designs: descriptive research design, which explains or describes a situation; experimental research design, which establishes cause-and-effect relationships through manipulation of variables; correlational research design, which examines relationships between non-manipulated variables; diagnostic research design, which investigates causes of conditions; and explanatory research design, which seeks to explain phenomena through establishing causal relationships. The document also categorizes research designs based on how participants are grouped, such as cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sequential studies.
The document discusses different types of research designs used in business research methodology. It describes five main types of research designs: descriptive research design, which explains or describes a situation; experimental research design, which establishes cause-and-effect relationships through manipulation of variables; correlational research design, which examines relationships between non-manipulated variables; diagnostic research design, which investigates causes of conditions; and explanatory research design, which seeks to explain phenomena through establishing causal relationships. The document also categorizes research designs based on how participants are grouped, such as cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sequential studies.
The document discusses different types of research designs used in business research methodology. It describes five main types of research designs: descriptive research design, which explains or describes a situation; experimental research design, which establishes cause-and-effect relationships through manipulation of variables; correlational research design, which examines relationships between non-manipulated variables; diagnostic research design, which investigates causes of conditions; and explanatory research design, which seeks to explain phenomena through establishing causal relationships. The document also categorizes research designs based on how participants are grouped, such as cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sequential studies.
The document discusses different types of research designs used in business research methodology. It describes five main types of research designs: descriptive research design, which explains or describes a situation; experimental research design, which establishes cause-and-effect relationships through manipulation of variables; correlational research design, which examines relationships between non-manipulated variables; diagnostic research design, which investigates causes of conditions; and explanatory research design, which seeks to explain phenomena through establishing causal relationships. The document also categorizes research designs based on how participants are grouped, such as cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sequential studies.
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BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DEFINITION By the term ‘research‘, we can understand that it’s a collection of data that includes critical information by taking research methodologies into consideration. In other words, it is a compilation of information or data explored by setting a hypothesis and consequently coming up with substantive findings in an organised way. Research can be done on an academic as well as a scientific basis as well. Let’s first understand what a research design actually means.
A Research Design is simply a structural framework of various research methods as well as
techniques that are utilised by a researcher.
The research design helps a researcher to pursue their journey into the unknown but with a systematic approach by their side. The way an engineer or architect frames a design for a structure, likewise the researcher picks the design from various approaches in order to check which type of research to be carried out. The 5 Types of Research Designs Now that we know the broadly classified types of research, Quantitative and Qualitative Research can be divided into the following 4 major types of Research Designs:
1. Descriptive Research Design
2. Correlational Research Design 3. Experimental Research Design 4. Diagnostic Research Design 5. Explanatory Research Design
These 5 types of Research Designs are considered the closest and exact to true experiments and are preferred in terms of accuracy, relevance as well as quality. Descriptive Research Design In Descriptive Research Design, the scholar explains/describes the situation or case in depth in their research materials. This type of research design is purely on a theoretical basis where the individual collects data, analyses, prepares and then presents it in an understandable manner. It is the most generalised form of research design. To explore one or more variables, a descriptive design might employ a wide range of research approaches. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher does not control or change any of the variables in a descriptive research design; instead, he or she just observes and measures them. In other words, while qualitative research may also be utilised for descriptive reasons, a descriptive method of research design is typically regarded as a sort of quantitative research. To guarantee that the results are legitimate and dependable, the study design should be properly constructed. Here are some examples of the descriptive design of the research type:
How has the Delhi housing market changed over the past 20 years? Do customers of Company A prefer Product C or Product D? What are the main genetic, behavioural and morphological differences between Indian wild cows and hybrid cows? How prevalent is disease 1 in population Z? Experimental Research Design Experimental research is a type of research design in which the study is carried out utilising a scientific approach and two sets of variables. The first set serves as a constant against which the variations in the second set are measured. Experimentation is used in quantitative research methodologies, for example. If you lack sufficient evidence to back your conclusions, you must first establish the facts. Experimental research collects data to assist you in making better judgments. Experimentation is used in any research undertaken in scientifically appropriate settings. The effectiveness of experimental investigations is dependent on researchers verifying that a variable change is due only to modification of the constant variable. The study should identify a noticeable cause and effect. The traditional definition of experimental design is “the strategies employed to collect data in experimental investigations.” There are three types of experimental designs:
• Pre-experimental research design
• True experimental research design • Quasi-experimental research design
Correlational Research Design
A correlational research design looks into correlations between variables without allowing the researcher to control or manipulate any of them. Correlational studies reveal the magnitude and/or direction of a link between two (or more) variables. Correlational studies or correlational study designs might have either a positive, negative or zero.
Correlational Studies Direction or Types What Happens? Example
Positive correlation Both variables change in the same direction As the price of petrol increases, the fare of an auto increases too. Negative correlation The variables change in opposite directions As tea consumption increases, tiredness decreases Zero correlation There is no relationship between the variables Tea consumption is not correlated with height Correlational research design is great for swiftly collecting data from natural settings. This allows you to apply your results to real-world circumstances in an externally legitimate manner. Correlational studies research is a viable choice in a few scenarios like:
• To investigate non-causal relationships
• To explore causal relationships between variables • To test new measurement tools
Diagnostic Research Design
Diagnostic research design is a type of research design that tries to investigate the underlying cause of a certain condition or phenomenon. It can assist you in learning more about the elements that contribute to certain difficulties or challenges that your clients may be experiencing. This design typically consists of three research stages, which are as follows: • Inception of the issue • Diagnosis of the issue • Solution for the issue Explanatory Research Design Explanatory research is a method established to explore phenomena that have not before been researched or adequately explained. Its primary goal is to notify us about where we may get a modest bit of information. With this strategy, the researcher obtains a broad notion and uses research as a tool to direct them more quickly to concerns that may be addressed in the future. Its purpose is to discover the why and what of a subject under investigation. In short, it is a type of research design that is responsible for finding the why of the events through the establishment of cause-effect relationships. The most popular methods of explanatory research are:
Research Design Types by Grouping
Another classification of study design types is based on how participants are categorized. In most situations, grouping is determined by the research premise and the method used to sample individuals. There is generally at least one experimental and one control group in a typical study based on experimental research design. In medical research, for example, one group can be given therapy while the other receives none. You get my drift. We can differentiate four types of study designs based on participant grouping:
• Cohort study A cohort study is a sort of longitudinal research that takes a cross-section of a cohort (a group of people who have a common trait) at predetermined time intervals. It’s a form of panel research in which all of the people in the group have something in common.
• Cross-sectional study In social science, medical research, and biology, a cross-sectional study is prevalent. This study approach examines data from a population or a representative sample of the population at a specific point in time.
• Longitudinal study A longitudinal study is a type of study in which the same variables are observed repeatedly over a short or long period of time. It’s usually observational research, although it can also take the form of a long-term randomized experiment.
• Cross-sequential study Cross-sequential research design combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods, with the goal of compensating for some of the flaws inherent in both.
