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Designation: A 983/A 983M – 01

Standard Specification for

Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel
Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 983/A 983M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope A 986/A 986M Specification for Magnetic Particle Exami-

1.1 This specification covers continuous grain flow forged nation of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings3
carbon and alloy steel crankshafts for medium speed diesel and E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
natural gas engines. Steel4
1.2 The steel used in the manufacture of the forgings is E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size4
required to be vacuum degassed. E 340 Test Method for Macro Etching Metals and Alloys4
1.3 Provision is made for treatment of designated surfaces 2.2 Other Standards:
of the crankshaft to provide enhanced fatigue strength, or wear AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code5
resistance, or both. DIN 50 6026
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI JIS G 05557
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standards. 3. Ordering Information
Within the text and tables the SI units are shown in brackets.
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The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents,
therefore each system must be used independently of the other. A
3.1 In addition to the ordering requirements of Specification
788, the following items should be included:

formance with the specification. (https://standards.iteh.ai)

Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- 3.2
quired,
S12,
Whether surface hardening in designated areas is re-

and
referencing Supplementary Requirements S10, S11, or
providing the necessary instructions.
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1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch- 3.3 For crankshafts designed to include welded counter-
pound units. weights the purchaser may specify an alternate welding code to
1.6 Except as specifically required in this specification, all AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code.
provisions of Specification A 788 apply. ASTM A983/A983M-013.4 For alternate tensile and hardness test requirements
specify Supplementary Requirement S2.
2.https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/1854a51b-0a44-4de8-9516-8f9552a4ce20/astm-a983-a983m-01
Referenced Documents
4. Materials and Manufacture
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing 4.1 Melting Practice:
of Steel Products 2 4.1.1 The steel making section of Specification A 788 shall
A 503 Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged apply together with mandatory vacuum degassing.
Crankshafts 3 4.1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 may be used if non-
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require- metallic inclusion rating of the steel is required.
ments 3 4.2 Forging:
A 966/A 966M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami- 4.2.1 The use of bar from starting stock produced by slitting
nation of Steel Forgings Using Alternate Current3 a rectangular section is not permitted.

1 4
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
5
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW Le Jeune Rd., Miami, FL
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. 33126.
6
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally Available from Verlag Stahleisen mbh, Postfach 8229, D-4000 Dusseldorf,
published as A 983/A 983M–98. Last previous edition A 983/A 983M–98. Germany.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Available from Japanese Standards Association, 1-24 Akasaka 4, Minato-Ku,
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Tokyo 107, Japan.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 983/A 983M – 01
4.2.2 The procedure used in forging the crankshaft shall or another similar welding code acceptable to the purchaser.
ensure that the centerline of the starting forged or rolled bar This procedure shall contain instructions concerning repair of
will follow the centerline contour of the main bearings, webs, counterweight welds, including preheat and post weld heat
and crankpins of the crankshaft. treatment requirements.
4.2.3 The grain flow present between adjacent main bearing
journals, webs, and the intervening crankpin shall be demon- 5. Chemical Composition
strated for the first article testing of a new crankshaft design by 5.1 Heat Analysis— The heat analysis obtained after sam-
a given forging facility. This need not be repeated for other pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply with
crankshafts of the same design that differ from the first article Table 1 for the chosen grade, and the requirements agreed upon
crankshaft by the number of crankpin throws or, by agreement by Supplementary Requirement S4 if this was selected.
with the purchaser, for V-Cylinder configurations of the same
engine. The axial grain flow shown after etching a centerline
6. Mechanical Requirements
longitudinal section of the main bearing-web-crankpin-web-
main bearing section shall be approved by the purchaser. 6.1 Tension Testing:
Etching shall be done in accordance with Test Method E 340. 6.1.1 The heat treated forging shall comply with the require-
Using Supplementary Requirement S2, additional grain flow ments of Table 2 for the selected grade when tested in
sections may be taken by agreement between the manufacturer accordance with this section. See also Test Methods and
and purchaser. Definitions A 370. It should be noted that when the SI system
4.3 Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties: is specified the gage length for the tension test shall be
4.3.1 Heat treatment of crankshaft forgings may be done measured over a length of 5D.
either before or after rough machining, at the manufacturer’s 6.1.2 Test Material—An integral test prolongation equal in
option. By the use of Supplementary Requirement S3 the diameter to that of the starting bar diameter shall be provided
purchaser can specify that heat treatment be done after rough at one end of each crankshaft subject to mechanical testing.
machining. 6.1.3 Sampling—The longitudinal axis of the axially ori-

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4.3.2 When counterweights are to be attached to the crank- ented tension test specimen shall be located at the mid-radius
shaft by welding (see 4.3.4), then the heat treatment for position in the integral crankshaft test prolongation. Supple-
mechanical properties shall follow after completion of the mentary Requirement S5 provides for a tension test prolonga-
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
welding. Intermediate post weld heat treatment may be applied
to the assembly at the manufacturer’s option.
tion to be provided at both ends of the heat treated crankshaft,
and Supplementary Requirement S6 provides for testing of

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4.3.3 Heat treatment for mechanical properties shall consist
of normalizing followed by tempering at a subcritical tempera-
ture, or austenitizing, liquid quenching and subcritical temper-
each crankshaft in lieu of the test frequency specified in
Supplementary Requirement S5.
6.1.4 Orientation—Longitudinal tension test specimens
ing. A normalizing cycle may precede the austenitizing stage. shall be taken from the crankshaft prolongation.
4.3.4 If the crankshaft design includes attaching ASTM A983/A983M-01
counter-
6.1.5 Number of Tests—Unless Supplementary Require-
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/1854a51b-0a44-4de8-9516-8f9552a4ce20/astm-a983-a983m-01
weights to the webs by welding, then the manufacturer shall
ments S5 or S6, or both, are specified, one tension test
qualify the weld procedure and welders in accordance with a
specimen shall be tested to the requirements of Table 2, for the
written procedure acceptable to the purchaser. The procedure
selected grade, at a frequency of one test per heat treatment
shall incorporate AWS specifications.
load.
4.3.5 If forgings receive thermal stress relief after comple-
tion of heat treatment, then the stress relieving temperature 6.2 Impact Testing—If charpy impact testing of the crank-
shall not exceed a temperature of (T-50)°F, [(T-30)°C] where T shaft is required, Supplementary Requirement S7 shall be
is the tempering temperature. If this stress relieving tempera- specified.
ture is exceeded, then the mechanical testing required in
Section 6 shall be repeated. 7. Grain Size
4.3.6 If crankshaft counterweights are to welded to the 7.1 The grain size of the forging following heat treatment
webs, then the welding shall be done to a written, and qualified shall be ASTM 5 or finer when tested at the tension test
procedure conforming to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code location(s) in accordance with Test Methods E 112.

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition %

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 7A Grade 8 Grade 8A
Carbon 0.43-0.53 0.43-0.52 0.28-0.33 0.38-0.48 0.30-0.48 0.35-0.45 0.28-0.35 0.38–0.48 0.30-0.35 0.38–0.48
Manganese 0.60-1.10 0.75-1.10 0.40-1.00 0.75-1.10 0.65-1.00 0.65-1.00 0.40-1.00 0.40–1.00 0.40-0.80 0.40–0.80
Phosphorous 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max
Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max
Silicon 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.040 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15-0.40 0.15–0.40
Nickel ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.30-1.70 1.30–1.70
Chromium ... 0.20-0.35 0.80-1.20 0.80-1.20 0.80-1.20 0.80-1.20 2.8-3.3 2.8–3.3 1.00-1.40 1.00–1.40
Molybdenum ... 0.10 max 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.30-0.50 0.30-0.50 0.30–0.50 0.20-0.35 0.20–0.35
Vanadium 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.15 max 0.15 max