Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 23 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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EDUCATION CENTRE
Subject: Mathematics
Chapter No.: 03 (Pairs of Linear Equations in Two Variables) Standard: X
 Some Important points Regarding this chapter
Two linear equations in the same two variables are called a pair of linear equations in two
variables. The general form of a pair of linear equation in two variables is a 1 x +b1 y +c 1=0 and

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a 2 x +b2 y +c 2=0
E.g. 3 x+ 2 y +5=0
4 x−7 y−8=0
 A pair of linear equations in two variables can be solved by (i) Graphical method and (ii) Algebraic
method.

 Graphical Method
 The graph of a pair of linear equations in two variables represents two straight lines.
 If both the lines intersect at a common point, then there is a unique solution and the pair of
equations is consistent.
 If both the lines are parallel, they do not intersect at any common point and solution set is an
empty set. The pair of equations is inconsistent.
 If the lines coincide, there are infinitely many solutions. The pair of equations is linearly
dependent.

 Algebraic Method
There are following types of algebraic methods for the solution of the pair of linear equations.
 Substitution Method
 Elimination Method
 Cross-multiplication Method

 For the pair of linear equations a i x +bi y +c i=0 , a 2i + b2i ≠ 0 , i=1 , 2 following possibilities arise:
( a 1 , a 2 , b1 , b2 , c 1 , c 2 , ≠ 0 )
a b
 If 1 ≠ 1 , the pair of linear equations is consistent.
a2 b2
∴ There is a unique solution.
a1 b1 b1 c1 c 1 a1
 If = , ≠ ∨ ≠ the pair of linear equation is inconsistent.
a2 b2 b2 c2 c 2 a2
∴ The solution is an empty set.
a1 b1 c 1
 = = the pair of linear equations is consistent.
a2 b2 c 2
∴ There are infinitely many solutions.

Exercise 3.1

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 24 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
(Q-1) Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also,
three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?)
Represent this situations algebraically and graphically.
Solution,
Suppose the present age of Altab ¿ x
And the present age of Altab’s daughter ¿ y
⇒ Now, 7 years ago ⇒ Now, After 3 years
→ The age of Altab was ¿ x−7 → The age of Altab was ¿ x +3

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→ The age of Altab’s daughter was ¿ y−7 → The age of Altab’s daughter was ¿ y +3
⇒ According to the given condition seven years ago ⇒ According to the given condition after three years
the age of altab was 7 times the age of his daughter the age of altab was 3 times the age of his daughter
∴ Age of Altab ¿ 7 × Age of Altab’s daughter ∴ Age of Altab ¿ 3 × Age of Altab’s daughter
∴ (x−7)=7 ×( y−7) ∴ (x +3)=3 ×( y +3)
∴ x−7=7 y−49 ∴ x+3=3 y +9
∴ x−7−7 y+ 49=0 ∴ x+3−3 y−9=0
∴ x−7 y +49−7=0 ∴ x−3 y+ 3−9=0
∴ x−7 y +42=0 … … (1) ∴ x−3 y−6=0 … … (2)

For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1)

50
x−7 y + 42=0
48
∴ x+ 42=7 y
46
x +42
∴ =y 44
7
42
(Note: Here, the value of x is taken as
a multiple of 7 because in 40

denominator there is 7.) 38

x 0 7 14 36
y 6 7 8 34
32
If x=0 If x=7 If x=14 30
x+ 42 x+ 42 28
∴ y= ∴ y=
7 7 26
x+ 42
∴ y= 24
7 22
0+42 7+42
∴ y= ∴ y= 20
7 7
18
14+ 42
∴ y= 16
7
14
42 49 56 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= 12
7 7 7
∴ y=6 ∴ y=7 ∴ y=8 10
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
8 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2) 6
x−3 y−6=0 4
∴ x−6=3 y 2
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
x−6 0
∴ =y -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
3 -2
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
(Note: Here, the value of x is taken as -4
a multiple of 3 because in
denominator there is 3.)
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 25 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
x 3 6 9
y −1 0 1

If x=3 If x=6 If x=9

x−6 6−6 x−6
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
3 3 3
3−6 6−6 9−6
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
3 3 3

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−3 0 3
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
3 3 3
∴ y=−1 ∴ y=0 ∴ y=1

(Q-2) The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3900. Later, she buys another
bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for Rs. 1300. Represent this situation algebraically and
geometrically.
Solution,
Suppose the cost of bat ¿ x
And the cost of ball ¿ y
⇒Coach Buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3900 ⇒Again Coach Buys another 1 bats and 3 balls for Rs.
1300
∴ 3 x +6 y =3900 … … (1) ∴ x+3 y =1300 … … (2)

For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
3 x+ 6 y=3900 x +3 y=1300
∴ 6 y=3900−3 x ∴ 3 y=1300−x
3900−3 x 1300−x
∴ y= ∴ y=
6 3
x 0 100 1300 x 10 400 700
y 650 600 0 0
y 40 300 200
If x=0 If x=100 If x=1300 0 If x=100 If x=400
If x=700
3900−3 x 3900−3( x) 3900−3 x 1300−x
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
6 6 6 3
1300−x 1300−x
∴ y= ∴ y=
3 3
3900−3( 0) 3900−3( 100) 3900−3( 1300) 1300−100
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
6 6 6 3
1300−400 1300−700
∴ y= ∴ y=
3 3
3900−0 3900−300 3900−3900 1200 900 600
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
6 6 6 3 3 3
3900 3600 0
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=400 ∴ y=300 ∴ y=200
6 6 6
∴ y=650 ∴ y=600 ∴ y=0

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 26 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000

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900

800

700
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

600
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
500
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
400
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
300
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
200

100
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
0
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
-100

-200

(Q-3) The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be Rs. 160. After a
month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is Rs. 300. Represent the situations
algebraically and geometrically.
Solution,
Suppose the cost of 1 kg apple ¿ x
And the cost of 1 Kg grapes ¿ y After 1 Month
⇒ The cost of 2 kg apples and 1 kg grapes if ⇒ The cost of 4 kg apples and 2 kg grapes if
given as Rs. 160. given as Rs. 300.
∴ 2 x + y=160 ... … … (1) ∴ 4 x +2 y=300
∴ 2 ( 2 x + y )=300
300
∴ 2 x + y=
2
∴ 2 x + y=150 ... … … (2)
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1)
2 x+ y=160 For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
∴ y=160−2 x 2 x+ y=150
x 20 30 40 ∴ y=150−2 x
y 120 10 80 x 10 20 30
0 y 120 90 60

If x=20 If x=30 If x=40 If x=10 If x=20 If x=30

∴ y=160−2(20) ∴ y=160−2(30) ∴ y=150−2(10) ∴ y=150−2(20)
∴ y=160−2 ( 40 ) ∴ y=150−2 ( 30 )
∴ y=160−40 ∴ y=160−60 ∴ y=160−80
∴ y=120 ∴ y=100 ∴ y=80
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 27 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

140
130
120 ([X VALUE], [Y([X
VALUE])
VALUE], [Y VALUE])
110
100 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
90
80 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-10
-20

Exercise 3.2
(Q-1) From the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions
graphically.
1. 10 Students of Class X took part in a Mathematics Quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than
the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
Solution,
Suppose no. of Girls of Class X took part in Mathematics ¿ x
And the no. Boys of Class X took part in Mathematics ¿ y
Total Students taken Part in Quiz ¿ 10 ⇒ Now, the no. of Girls is 4 more than boys
∴ x+ y =10 … … (1) ∴ No. of Girls ¿ No. of Boys + 4
∴ x= y +4
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) ∴ x− y=4 … … (2)
x + y=10 For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
∴ y=10−x x− y =4
x 0 1 2 ∴ x−4= y
y 10 9 8 ∴ y=x−4
x 4 5 6
If x=0 If x=1 If x=2 y 0 1 2
∴ y=10−0 ∴ y=10−1 ∴ y=10−2
∴ y=10 ∴ y=9 ∴ y=8 If x=4 If x=5 If x=6
∴ y=x−4 ∴ y=x−4 ∴ y=x−4
∴ y=4−4 ∴ y=5−4 ∴ y=6−4
∴ y=0 ∴ y=1 ∴ y=2

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 28 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
11

10 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

9 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

8 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

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5

3 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

2
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
1
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1

-2

So, the no. of boys are 3 and the number of girls are 7.
2. 5 pencil and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46.
Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.
Solution,
Suppose the cost of the pencil ¿ x
And the cost of the pen ¿ y
⇒ The cost of 5 pencil and 7 pens is Rs. 50 ⇒ The cost of 7 pencil and 5 pens is Rs. 46
∴ 5 x +7 y =50 … … (1) ∴ 7 x+5 y =46 … … (2)
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
5 x+ 7 y=50 7 x +5 y=46
∴ 7 y=50−5 x ∴ 5 y=46−7 x
50−5 x 46−7 x
∴ y= ∴ y=
7 5
x 1 2 3 x 1 2 3
y 6.4 5.7 5 y 7.8 6.4 5
If x=1 If x=2 If x=3 If x=1 If x=2 If x=3
50−5 x 50−5 x 50−5 x 46−7 x 46−7 x
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
7 7 7 5 5
46−7 x
∴ y=
5
50−5(1) 50−5(2) 50−5(3) 46−7(1)
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
7 7 7 5
46−7(2) 46−7(3)
∴ y= ∴ y=
5 5
50−5 50−10 50−15 46−7 46−14
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
7 7 7 5 5
46−21
∴ y=
5
45 40 35 39 32 25
∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
7 7 7 5 5 5
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 29 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
∴ y=6.4 ∴ y=5.7 ∴ y=5 ∴ y=7.8 ∴ y=6.4 ∴ y=5

8
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

7
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
6
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

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4
([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1

-2

So, the cost of pencil is 3 Rs. and pen is Rs. 5

a1 b1 c1
(Q-2) On comparing the rations , and , Find out whether the following pair of linear
a2 b2 c2
equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident.
3. 6 x−3 y +10=0 ; 2 x− y +9=0
1. 5 x−4 y+ 8=0; 7 x +6 y−9=0 Solution,
Solution, a 1=6 , b1=−3 ,C 1=10
a 1=5 , b1=−4 , C1=8
a 2=2 ,b 2=−1 , C2=9
a 2=7 , b2=6 ,C 2=−9
a 6 b1 −3 c 1 10
a1 5 b1 −4 −2 c 1 8 ∴ 1 = =3, = =3, =
∴ = , = = , = a2 2 b2 −1 c2 9
a2 7 b2 6 3 c 2 −9
Comparing it with standard form linear equation
Comparing it with standard form linear equation

∴ ≠
5 −2
7 3
∴ ≠(
a1 b 1
a2 b 2 )
∴ 3=3=
10
9
a b c
∴ 1= 1 ≠ 1
a2 b 2 c 2 ( )
So, the lines are Parallels Lines.
So, the lines are intersecting at a point.

2. 9 x +3 y+ 12=0 ; 18 x+ 6 y +24=0
Solution,
a 1=9 , b1=3 , C 1=12
a 2=18 , b2=6 , C 2=24
a 9 1 b1 3 1 c 1 12 1
∴ 1= = , = = , = =
a2 18 2 b2 6 2 c 2 24 2
Comparing it with standard form linear equation
1 1 1
∴ = =
2 2 2
a b c
∴ 1= 1= 1 (
a2 b 2 c 2 )
So, the lines are Coincident lines

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 30 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
a1 b1 c1
(Q-3) On comparing the ratios , and , find out whether the following pair of linear
a2 b2 c2
equations are consistent, or inconsistent. 4. 5 x−3 y=11; −10 x+ 6 y=−22
1. 3 x+ 2 y =5 ; 2 x−3 y=7 Solution,
Solution, a 1=5 , b1=−3 , C 1 =11
a 1=3 , b1=2 , C1=5 a 2=−10 , b2=6 ,C 2=−22
a 2=2 ,b 2=−3 , C2 =7 a 5 −1 b1 −3 −1 c 1 11 −1
∴ 1= = , = = , = =
a1 3 b1 2 c1 5 a2 −10 2 b2 6 2 c 2 −22 2

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∴ = , = , =
a2 2 b2 −3 c2 7 Comparing it with standard form linear equation

( )
Comparing it with standard form linear equation −1 −1 −1
∴ = =
a b c
∴ 1= 1= 1
∴ ≠
3 2
2 −3 ( a b
∴ 1≠ 1
a2 b 2 ) 2 2 2
∴ These lines are coincident.
a2 b 2 c 2

∴ These lines are intersecting at a point. So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent.
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent.
4
5. x+ 2 y =8 ; 2 x+3 y =12
2. 2 x−3 y=8 ; 4 x−6 y=9 3
Solution, Solution,
a 1=2 ,b 1=−3 , C1=8 4
a 1= , b1=2 , C1=8
a 2=4 ,b 2=−6 , C 2=9 3
a 2 1 b1 −3 1 c1 8 a 2=2 ,b 2=3 , C2=12
∴ 1= = , = = , = 4
a2 4 2 b2 −6 2 c2 9 b1 2 c 1 8 2
a1 3 4 1 2 , = , = =
Comparing it with standard form linear equation ∴ = = × = b2 3 c 2 12 3
a2 2 3 2 3
1
∴ = ≠
2
1
2
8
9 ( ∴
a1 b 1 c1
= ≠
a2 b 2 c 2 ) Comparing it with standard form linear equation

∴ These lines are parallel to each other.

So, the given pair of linear equations is inconsistent .
2
∴ = =
3
2
3
2
3 (∴ a1 b 1 c1
= =
a2 b 2 c 2 )
3 5
3. x + y=7 ; 9 x−10 y=14
2 3
Solution,
3 5
a 1= , b1= ,C 1=7
2 3
a 2=9 , b2=−10 ,C 2=14
3 5
c1 7 1
a 2 3 1 1 b −1 ,
∴ 1= = × = , 1 =
3 5 1 = =
= × = c 2 14 2
a2 9 2 9 6 b2 −10 3 −10 6
Comparing it with standard form linear equation

∴ ≠−
1
6
1
6 ( a b
∴ 1≠ 1
a2 b 2 )
∴ These lines are intersecting at a point.
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent.

(Q-4) Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent / inconsistent? If
consistent, obtain the solution graphically:
1. x + y=5 , 2 x+ 2 y =10
Solution,
a 1=1 ,b 1=1 ,C 1=5

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 31 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
a 2=2 ,b 2=2 , C2=10
a 1 b 1 c 5 1
∴ 1= , 1 = , 1= =
a2 2 b2 2 c 2 10 2
Comparing it with standard form linear equation
1 1 1
∴ = =
2 2 2 (
a b c
∴ 1= 1= 1
a2 b 2 c 2 )
∴ Their lines are coincident.
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent

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For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1)
x + y=5
∴ y=5−x
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
2 x+ 2 y =10
∴ 2 y =10−2 x
2(5−x )
∴ y=
2
∴ y=5−x
x 1 2 3 x 1 2 3
y 4 3 2 y 4 3 2

If x=1 If x=2 If x=3 If x=1 If x=2 If x=3

∴ y=5−x ∴ y=5−x ∴ y=5−x ∴ y=5−x ∴ y=5−x ∴ y=5−x
∴ y=5−1 ∴ y=5−2 ∴ y=5−3 ∴ y=5−1 ∴ y=5−2 ∴ y=5−3
∴ y=4 ∴ y=3 ∴ y=2 ∴ y=4 ∴ y=3
∴ y=2

6
l1
5

4 ([X VALUE], [Y
VALUE])

3 ([X VALUE], [Y
VALUE])

2 ([X VALUE], [Y
VALUE])

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
l2
-1

2. x− y =8 , 3 x−3 y=16
Solution,
a 1=1 ,b 1=−1 ,C 1=8
a 2=3 , b2=−3 , C 2=16
a 1 b −1 1 c1 8 1
∴ 1= , 1 = = , = =
a2 3 b2 −3 3 c 2 16 2
Comparing it with standard form linear equation

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 32 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

∴ = ≠
1
3
1
3
1
2 ( ∴
a1 b 1 c1
= ≠
a2 b 2 c 2 )
∴ Their lines are parallel to each other.
So, the given pair of linear equations is inconsistent

3. 2 x+ y−6=0, 4 x−2 y−4=0

Solution,
a 1=2 ,b 1=1 ,C 1=−6

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a 2=4 ,b 2=−2 , C2=−4
a 2 1
∴ 1= = ,
a2 4 2
b1 1
= ,
c 1 −6 −3
=
b2 −2 c 2 −4 −2
=

Comparing it with standard form linear equation

∴ ≠
1 −1
2 2 (
a b
∴ 1≠ 1
a2 b 2 )
∴ Their lines are intersecting at a point.
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
2 x+ y−6=0 4 x−2 y−4=0
∴ 2 x + y=6 ∴ 4 x−4=2 y
∴ y=6−2 x ∴ 2 y =4 x−4
2(2 x −2)
∴ y=
2
∴ y=2 x−2
x 1 2 3 x 1 2 3
y 4 2 0 y 0 2 4

If x=1 If x=2 If x=3 If x=1 If x=2 If x=3

∴ y=6−2 x ∴ y=6−2 x ∴ y=6−2 x ∴ y=2 x−2 ∴ y=2 x−2 ∴ y=2 x−2
∴ y=6−2(1) ∴ y=6−2(2) ∴ y=6−2(3) ∴ y=2 ( 1 )−2 ∴ y=2 ( 2 )−2 ∴ y=2 ( 3 )−2
∴ y=6−2 ∴ y=6−4 ∴ y=6−6 ∴ y=2−2 ∴ y=4−2 ∴ y=6−2
∴ y=4 ∴ y=2 ∴ y=0 ∴ y=0 ∴ y=2
∴ y=4

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 33 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
8

4 ([X VALUE], [Y ([X VALUE], [Y

VALUE]) VALUE])

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2 ([X VALUE], [Y
2 VALUE])

1
([X VALUE], [Y ([X VALUE], [Y
VALUE]) VALUE])
0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-1

4. 2 x−2 y−2=0 , 4 x−4 y−5=0

Solution,
a 1=2 ,b 1=−2 , C1=−2
a 2=4 ,b 2=−4 , C2=−5
a 2 1 b1 −2 1 c 1 −2 2
∴ 1= = , = = , = =
a2 4 2 b2 −4 2 c 2 −5 5
Comparing it with standard form linear equation
1 1 2
∴ = ≠
2 2 5 ( a b c
∴ 1= 1 ≠ 1
a2 b 2 c 2 )
∴ Their lines are parallel to each other.
So, the given pair of linear equations is inconsistent

(Q-5) Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width is
36 m . Find the dimensions of the garden.
Solution,
Suppose the length of rectangular garden ¿ x
And the width of rectangular garden ¿ y
1
As per Condition Length is 4 more than Width ⇒ Perimeter ¿ 36
2
1
∴ x= y +4 ∴ × 2 ( Length +Width )=36
2
∴ x− y=4 … … (1) ∴ Length+Width=36
∴ x+ y =36 … … (2)
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
x− y =4 x + y=36
∴ x−4=4 ∴ y=36−x
∴ y=x−4

x 4 6 8 x 6 8 10
y 0 2 4 y 30 28 26

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 34 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
If x=4 If x=6 If x=8 If x=6 If x=8 If x=10
∴ y=x−4 ∴ y=x−4 ∴ y=x−4 ∴ y=36−x ∴ y=36−x ∴ y=36−x
∴ y=4−4 ∴ y=6−4 ∴ y=8−4 ∴ y=36−6 ∴ y=36−8 ∴ y=36−10
∴ y=0 ∴ y=2 ∴ y=4 ∴ y=30 ∴ y=28 ∴ y=26

32

30 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

28 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

26 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

24

22

20

18

16 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

14

12

10

4 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

2 ([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])

([X VALUE], [Y VALUE])
0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
-2

-4

So, the length of Garden is 20 m and breadth is 16 m.

(Q-6) Given the linear equations 2 x+3 y −8=0 , write another linear equation in two variable
such that the geometrical representations of the pair so formed is:

1. Intersecting lines 3. Coincident lines

Solution, Solution,
2 x+3 y −8=0 2 x+3 y −8=0
∴ a1=2 , b1=3 ,C 1=−8 ∴ a1=2 , b1=3 ,C 1=−8
For Intersecting Lines For Coincident Lines

(
a1 b1
≠
a2 b2 ) (
a1 b1 c 1
= =
a2 b2 c 2 )
2 3 ∴ We can say that, 2( 2 x+3 y −8=0 )
∴ ≠
a2 b 2 Thus, the required Equation is 4 x+ 6 y−16=0
∴ We can say that, a 2=3 , b2=2 , C2=−7
Thus, the required Equation is 3 x+ 2 y −7=0

2. Parallel lines
Solution,
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 35 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
2 x+3 y −8=0
∴ a1=2 , b1=3 ,C 1=−8
For Parallel Lines

(a1 b1 c 1
= ≠
a2 b2 c 2 )
∴ We can say that, a 2=2 ,b 2=3 , C2=−10
Thus, the required Equation is 2 x+3 y −10=0

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(Q-7) Draw the graphs of the equations x− y +1=0 and 3 x+ 2 y −12=0 . Determine the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x−axis , and shade the
triangular region.
Solution,
For Graphical Representation of Eq. (1) For Graphical Representation of Eq. (2)
x− y +1=0 3 x+ 2 y −12=0
∴ x+1= y ∴ 2 y =12−3 x
12−3 x
∴ y=x +1 ∴ y=
2

x 1 2 3 x 1 2 3
y 2 3 4 y 4.5 3 1.5

If x=1 If x=2 If x=3 If x=1 If x=2 If x=3

12−3 x 12−3 x 12−3 x
∴ y=x +1 ∴ y=x +1 ∴ y=x +1 ∴ y= ∴ y= ∴ y=
2 2 2
12−3(1) 12−3(2)
∴ y=1+1 ∴ y=2+1 ∴ y=3+1 ∴ y= ∴ y=
2 2
12−3(3)
∴ y=
2
12−3 12−6
∴ y=2 ∴ y=3 ∴ y=4 ∴ y= ∴ y=
2 2
12−9
∴ y=
2
9 6
5
∴ y= ∴ y=
([X VALUE], [Y 2 2
VALUE])
3
4 ([X VALUE],
([X[YVALUE], [Y ∴ y=
VALUE]) VALUE])
3 2
3 ([X VALUE], [Y ∴ y=4.5 ∴ y=3 ∴ y=1.5
VALUE]) ([X VALUE], [Y
2 VALUE])
Both the lines intersect at (2 , 3).
([X VALUE], [Y 1 ([X VALUE], [Y
VALUE]) VALUE]) The line l 1 intersect the x-axis at (4 , 0), and line
-2 -1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 l 2 intersect the x-axis at (−1 , 0).
-1 Thus, Co-ordinates of triangles are (2 , 3),(4 , 0)
-2 and (−1 , 0)

l1
l2

Exercise 3.3 Now, putting this value in Eq. 1

(Q-1) Solve the following pair of linear ⇒ s−t=3 OR ⇒ s=3+t
equations
KHATRI by the substitution
EDUCATION method.
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1. x + y=14 ; x− y =4 ∴ s=3+6 ∴ s=9
Solution, ∴ s=9
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 36 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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∴ 2 x +65=69 3x 5 y x y 13
6. − =−2; + =
∴ 2 x=69−65 2 3 3 2 6
∴ 2 x=4 Solution,
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∴ x= ⇒ − =−2
2 2 3
 2 ×3

Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 37 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

x y 13
⇒ + =
3 2 6
2 ( x )+ 3( y ) 13
∴ =
3×2 6
2 x+ 3 y 13
∴ =
6 6
13 ×6
∴ 2 x +3 y=
6

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(x+12) ∴ 3 y− y=26
∴ =y … (3)
2 ∴ 2 y =26
Now, putting this value Eq. 1 26
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⇒ 2 x +3 y=11 2
(x +12) ∴ y=13
∴ 2 x +3 × =11
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 38 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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cost of each bat and each ball. the charge paid is Rs. 105 and for the
Solution, journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs.
Suppose cost of bat ¿ x , ball ¿ y 155. What are the fixed charges and the
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⇒ The cost of 7 bats and 6 balls is Rs. 3800 charge per km? How much does a person
∴ 7 x+6 y=3800 … … (1) have to pay for travelling a distance of 25
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 39 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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⇒ If 2 is added to both numerator and ⇒ If 3 is added to both numerator and

5
denominator we are getting .
6
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x+ 3 5 | Contact Time : 02 PM to 09 PM
∴ =
y +3 6
∴ 6(x +3)=5( y+ 3)
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 40 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
9
denominator we are getting .
11
x+ 2 9
∴ =
y +2 11
∴ 11(x +2)=9( y+ 2)
∴ 11 x+22=9 y +18
∴ 11 x−9 y=18−22
∴ 11 x−9 y=−4 … … (1)

From Eq. (1)

⇒ 11 x−9 y=−4
∴ 11 x=−4 +9 y
∴ 11 x=9 y−4
9 y −4
∴ x=
11
Now, putting this value in Eq. 2 Now, putting this in Eq. (1)
⇒ 6 x−5 y =−3 9 y−4
⇒ 11 x−9 y=−4 OR ⇒ x=
11
∴6 (9 y−4
11 ) −5 y=−3
∴ 11 x−9 ( 9 )=−4 ∴ x=
9 ( 9 )−4
54 y −24 11
∴ −5 y =−3
11 81−4
∴ 11 x−81=−4 ∴ x=
54 y −24−(11) 5 y 11
∴ =−3
11 77
∴ 11 x=−4 +81 ∴ x=
54 y −24−55 y 11
∴ =−3
11 ∴ 11 x=77 ∴ x=7
−24− y 77
∴ =−3 ∴ x=
11 11
∴−24− y =−3 ×11
∴ x=7
∴−24− y =−33
∴− y =−33+24
∴− y =−9
∴ y=9

6. Five years hence, the age of the Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago,
Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Solution,
Suppose, the age of Jacob is , And the age of Jacob’s son is y
⇒ After Five Years ⇒ Before Five Years
Age of Jacob will be x +5 Age of Jacob will be x−5
Age of Jacob’s Son will be y +5 Age of Jacob’s Son will be y−5

⇒ Jacob will three times of his son ⇒ Jacob will seven times of his son
∴ ( x+5 )=3( y +5) ∴ ( x−5 )=7 ( y−5)
∴ x+5=3 y +15 ∴ x−5=7 y −35
∴ x−3 y=15−5 ∴ x−7 y=−35+5
∴ x−3 y=10 … … (1) ∴ x−7 y=−30 … … (2)

From Eq. (1)

⇒ x−3 y =10
∴ x=10+3 y
Now, putting this value in Eq. (2)
Now, putting this value in Eq. (1)
⇒ x−7 y=−30 ⇒ x−3 y =10 OR ⇒ x=10+ 3 y
∴ 10+3 y−7 y=−30 ∴ x−3 ( 10 )=10 ∴ x=10+3(10)
∴ x−30=10
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: 02 PM to 09 PM
∴ x=10+30=40 ∴ x=40
So, the present of Jacob is 40 years and his son is 10 years
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 41 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
∴ 3 y−7 y=−30−10
∴−4 y=−40
−40
∴ y= =10
−4
Exercise 3.4 3. 3 x−5 y−4=0 and 9 x=2 y +7
(Q-1) Solve the following pair of linear Solution,
equations by the elimination method and ⇒ 3 x−5 y−4=0
the substitution method: ∴ 3 x −5 y =4 … … (1)

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1. x + y=5 and 2 x−3 y=4 ⇒ 9 x=2 y +7
Solution, ∴ 9 x−2 y=7 … … (2)
⇒ x + y=5 … … (1)
⇒ 2 x−3 y=4 … … (2) Multiplying Eq. (1) By 3
9 x−15 y=12
Multiplying Eq. (1) By 3 9 x−2 y=7
3 x+ 3 y=15 −+−¿
2 x−3 y=4 −13 y=5
5 x=19 ∴−13 y =5
∴ 5 x=19 −5
∴ y=
19 13
∴ x=
5
Now, putting the value in Eq. (1)
Now, putting the value in Eq. (1) ⇒ 3 x−5 y=4

( )
⇒ x + y=5 −5
∴ 3 x −5 =4
19 13
∴ + y=5
5 25
19 ∴ 3 x + =4
∴ y=5− 13
5 25
25−19 ∴ 3 x =4−
∴ y= 13
5 52−25
6 ∴3x=
∴ y= 13
5 27
∴3x=
(
So, the Solution ( x , y ) is )
19 6
,
5 5
∴ x=
13
27
13 × 3
2. 3 x+ 4 y =10 and 2 x−2 y=2 9
∴ x=
Solution, 13
⇒ 3 x +4 y=10
⇒ 2 x−2 y=2
… … (1)
… … (2) (
So, the Solution ( x , y ) is , )
9 −5
13 13

Multiplying Eq. (2) By 2 x 2y y

3 x+ 4 y =10 4. + =−1 and x− =3
2 3 3
4 x−4 y=4 Solution,
7 x=14 x 2y
⇒ + =−1
∴ 7 x=14 2 3
14 3 x +4 y
∴ x= ∴ =−1
7 6
∴ x=2 ∴ 3 x + 4 y=−1 ×6
∴ 3 x + 4 y=−6 … … (1)
Now, putting the value in Eq. (1)
⇒ 3 x +4 y=10 y
⇒ x− =3
∴ 3 (2EDUCATION
KHATRI )+ 4 y =10 3
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∴ 6+4 y=10 3 x− y
∴ =3
∴ 4 y =10−6 3
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 42 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

∴ 5 y=−15
−15
∴ y=
5
∴ y=−3

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Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
⇒ 3 x− y =9
∴ 3 x −(−3)=9
∴ 3 x +3=9
∴ 3 x =9−3
∴ 3 x =6
6
∴ x=
3
∴ x=2
So, the Solution ( x , y ) is ( 2 ,−3 )

(Q-2) From the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions (if
they exist) by the elimination method:
1. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1.
1
It becomes if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?
2
Solution,
Suppose the numerator is x and the denominator is y
x
∴ Fraction ¿
y
⇒ Case: 1 ⇒ Case: 2
1
If we add 1 to the numerator and If we only add 1 to the denominator it becomes
2
x 1
subtract 1 from the denominator ∴ =
y +1 2
a fraction reduces to 1 ∴ 2 x= y+1
x +1
∴ =1 ∴ 2 x− y=1 … (2)
y −1
∴ x+1= y−1
∴ x− y=−1−1
∴ x− y=−2 … (1)
Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
⇒ 2 x− y=1
From Eq. (1) and (2)
∴ 2 ( 3 )− y=1
x− y =−2
∴ 6− y=1
2 x− y=1
∴ 6−1= y
−+−¿
∴ 5= y
−x=−3
∴ y=5
∴−x=−3
3
∴ x=3 So, the fraction is
5
2. Five years ago. Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as
Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 43 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
Solution,
Suppose the age of Nuri is x and the age of Sonu is y .
Five Years Ago (Before 5 Years) Ten years later (After 10 Years)
Nuri’s Age ¿ x−5 Nuri’s Age ¿ x +10
Sonu’s Age ¿ y−5 Sonu’s Age ¿ y +10

⇒ Condition: 1 ⇒ Condition: 2
Five years ago Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu

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∴ (x−5)=3 ( y−5) ∴ (x +10)=2( y +10)
∴ x−5=3 y−15 ∴ x+10=2 y+ 20
∴ x−3 y=−15+5 ∴ x−2 y=20−10
∴ x−3 y=−10 … (1) ∴ x−2 y=10 … (2)

From Eq. (1) and (2) Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
x−3 y=−10 ⇒ x−2 y=10
x−2 y=10 ∴ x−2 (20 )=10
−+−¿ ∴ x−40=10
− y=−20 ∴ x=10+40
∴− y =−20 ∴ x=50
∴ y=20 So, the age of Nuri is 50 Years & age of Sonu is 20 Years

3. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the
number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
Solution,
⇒ Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9.
∴ x+ y =9 … … (1)

Suppose the digit at ten’s place is x and the digit at unit place is y .
⇒ The original two digit no. is ¿ 10 x+ y
⇒ The no. obtained by reversing digit of no. ¿ 10 y + x

Nine times of Original number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits.
⇒ 9 ( 10 x + y )=2(10 y + x )
∴ 90 x+ 9 y=20 y +2 x
∴ 90 x+ 9 y−20 y−2 x=0
∴ 90 x−2 x +9 y −20 y=0
∴ 88 x−11 y=0
∴ 11(8 x− y )=0
0
∴ (8 x− y )=
11
∴ 8 x− y=0 … … (2)

From Eq. (1) and (2) Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
x + y=9 ⇒ x + y=9
8 x− y =0 ∴ 1+ y=9
9 x=9 ∴ y=9−1
∴ 9 x=9 ∴ y=8
9 So, the digit at unit place is 8 and digit at tens place is 1
∴ x= So, original two digit no. ¿ 10 x+ y
9
¿ 10 ( 1 ) +8
¿ 18
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 44 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
∴ x=1

4. Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs. 2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs. 50 and Rs.
100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes if Rs. 50 and Rs. 100 she
received.
Solution,
Suppose the no. of 50Rs. Notes is x and the no. of 100 Rs. Notes is y

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Total no. of notes is 25
∴ x+ y =25 … … (1)

Value of 50 Rs. notes ¿ Value of Per note × No. of notes

∴ Value of 50 Rs. notes ¿ 50 × x=50 x
For Understanding only
Value of 100 Rs. notes ¿ Value of Per note × No. of notes
∴ Value of 100 Rs. notes ¿ 100 × y =100 y

Value of all notes is Rs. 2000

∴ Value of 50 Rs. notes + Value of 100 Rs. notes = Rs. 2000
∴ 50 x +100 y=2000 … … (2)

Multiplying Eq. (1) By 50 Now, putting the value in Eq. (1)

50 x+ 50 y=1250 ⇒ x + y=25
50 x+ 100 y=2000 ∴ x+15=25
−−−¿ ∴ x=25−15
−50 y=−750 ∴ x=10
∴−50 y =−750 So, the no. of 50 Rs. notes are 10 and no. of 100 Rs. are 15.
−750
∴ y=
−50
∴ y=15

5. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for
each day thereafter. Sarita paid Rs. 27 for book kept for seven days, while susy paid Rs. 21
for books she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Solution,
Suppose the fixed charges (for first 3 days) is x and additional charges is y
⇒ Extra charges paid by sarita ¿ y × No . of extra days
Extra charges paid by sarita ¿ y ×(7−3)
Extra charges paid by sarita ¿ y ×(4)
Extra charges paid by sarita ¿ 4 y

⇒ Extra charges paid by susy ¿ y × No . of extra days

Extra charges paid by susy ¿ y ×(5−3)
Extra charges paid by susy ¿ y ×(2)
Extra charges paid by susy ¿ 2 y

⇒ Condition: 1 ⇒ Condition: 2
Charges for 7 Days paid by Sarita is Rs. 27 Charges for 5 Days paid by Susy is Rs. 21
∴ x+ 4 y=27 … (1) ∴ x+2 y=21 … (2)

From Eq. (1) and (2) Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
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⇒ x +2 y=21
∴ x+2 ( 3 ) =21
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 45 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
x +4 y=27
x +2 y=21
−−−¿
2 y=6
∴ 2 y =6
6
∴ y=
2
∴ y=3

Exercise 3.5 ∴ x=2 ∴ y=1

(Q-1) Which of the following pairs of linear Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (2 , 1).
equations has a unique solutions, no
solution, or infinitely many solutions. In 3. 3 x−5 y=20 ; 6 x−10 y=40
case there is a unique solution, Find it by Solution,
using cross multiplication method. 3 x−5 y−20=0 ; 6 x−10 y−40=0
1. x−3 y−3=0 ; 3 x−9 y−2=0 ⇒ Here,
Solution, a 1=3 , b1=−5 , C1 =−20
⇒ Here, a 2=6 , b2=−10 ,C 2=−40
a 1=1 ,b 1=−3 , C1=−3 a 3 1 b1 −5 1 c 1 20 1
a 2=3 , b2=−9 ,C 2=−2 ∴ 1= = , = = , = =
a2 6 2 b2 −10 2 c 2 40 2
a 1 b −3 1 c −3 3
∴ 1= , 1 = = , 1= =
a2 3 b2 −9 3 c 2 −2 2 ⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear Eq.

⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear Eq.

1 1 1
∴ = =
2 2 2 (
a b c
∴ 1= 1= 1
a2 b 2 c 2 )
1 1 3
∴ = ≠
3 3 2 ( a b c
∴ 1= 1 ≠ 1
a2 b 2 c 2 ) ⇒ Thus this pair of equation has many solution.

⇒ Thus this pair of equation has no solution. 4. x−3 y−7=0 ; 3 x−3 y−15=0
Solution,
2. 2 x+ y=5 ; 3 x+ 2 y =8 ⇒ Here,
Solution, a 1=1 ,b 1=−3 , C1=−7
2 x+ y−5=0; 3 x+ 2 y −8=0 a 2=3 , b2=−3 , C 2=−15
⇒ Here, a 1 b −3 c 1 −7 7
a 1=2 ,b 1=1 ,C 1=−5 ∴ 1 = , 1 = =1, = =
a2 3 b2 −3 c 2 −15 15
a 2=3 , b2=2 , C2=−8
a 2 b 1 c −5 5 ⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear Eq.
∴ 1= , 1 = , 1= =

( )
a2 3 b2 2 c 2 −8 8 1 a b
∴ ≠1 ∴ 1≠ 1
3 a2 b 2
⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear Eq.
⇒ Thus this pair of equation has unique solution.
2 1
∴ ≠
3 2 (a b
∴ 1≠ 1
a2 b 2 ) ⇒ Now,
x y1
⇒ Thus this pair of equation has unique solution. 1 −3 −7
⇒ Now, 3 −3 −15
x y1
2 1 −5 ∴ x= y=1
3 2 −8 −3−7−7 1 1−3
−3−15−15 3 3−3
∴ x= y=1
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2−8−8 3 3 2 x y 1
∴ = =
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 46 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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(Q-2) (i) For which values of a and b does
the following pair of linear equations have
an infinite number of solutions?
∴
a
=

a b 1
b
=
1
15+ 0 0+ 3 −2+5

2 x+3 y =7 ; ( a−b ) x + ( a+ b ) y=3 a+ b−2

∴ = =
15 3 3
Solution,
a 1 b 1
⇒ Here, ∴ = ∴ =
15 3 3 3
a 1=2 ,b 1=3 , C1=7
a 2=(a−b), b2=(a+ b),C 2=(3 a+b−2) 15 3
∴ a= ∴ b=
3 3
a 2 b1 3
∴ 1= , = ,
a2 (a−b) b2 (a+ b) ∴ a=5 ∴ b=1
c1 7
= Thus, the solution ( a , b ) is (5 , 1) .
c 2 (3 a+b−2)

⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear (Q-2) (ii) For which value of k will the
equation for getting infinite no. of solution following pair of linear equations have no
2 3 7 solution?
∴ = =
(a−b) (a+ b) (3 a+b−2) 3 x+ y=1 ; ( 2 k−1 ) x + ( k −1 ) y=2 k +1
Solution,
( a b c
∴ 1= 1= 1
a2 b 2 c 2 ) a 1=3 , b1=1 , C1=1
a 2=(2 k −1), b2 =(k −1), C 2=(2 k + 1)
From First two Equation we get: a 3 b1 1 c1 1
∴ 1= , = , =
2 3 a2 (2 k−1) b2 (k −1) c 2 (2 k +1)
⇒ =
( a−b) (a+b)
∴ 2 ( a+b ) =3(a−b) ⇒ Comparing it with standard form linear
∴ 2 a+2 b=3 a−3 b equation for getting no solution
∴ 2 a+2 b−3 a+3 b=0 3 1 1
∴ = ≠
∴−a+5 b=0 (2 k−1) (k −1) (2 k +1)
∴ a−5 b=0 … … (3)
( a b c
∴ 1= 1 ≠ 1
a2 b 2 c 2 )
From Last two Equation we get:
3 7 From First two Equation we get:
⇒ =
( a+b) (3 a+ b−2) 3 1
⇒ =
∴ 3 (3 a+b−2 )=7 (a+b) (2 k −1) (k−1)
∴ 9 a+3 b−6=7 a+7 b ∴ 3 ( k−1 ) =1(2 k−1)
∴ 9 a+3 b−7 a−7 b=6 ∴ 3 k−3=2 k−1
∴ 2 a−4 b=6 ∴ 3 k−2 k =−1+3
∴ 2(a−2 b)=6 ∴ k=2
6
∴ a−2b=
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Thus, for k =2 Time
the given pair: of
02linear
PM to 09 PM
∴ a−2b=3 … … (4) equation have no solution.
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 47 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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(Q-4) From the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if
they exit) by any algebraic method:
1. A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days
taken food in the mass. When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to pay Rs. 1000 as
hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays 1180 as hostel
charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
Suppose,
Suppose a fixed charges paid by a student is x , and
Food charge paid by a student is y

Student A
If the students take food for 20 days he has to pay Rs. 1000
∴ x+20 y =1000
∴ x+20 y −1000=0 … … (1)

Student B
If the students take food for 26 days he has to pay Rs. 1180
∴ x+26 y=1180
∴ x+26 y−1180=0 … … (2)
⇒ Now,
x y1
1 20 −1000
1 26 −1180

∴ x= y=1
20−1000−1000 1 120
26−1180−11801 126

x y 1
∴ = =
( 20 )(−1180 )−(−1000 )( 26 ) (−1000 ) ( 1 )−( 1 ) (−1180 ) ( 1 ) ( 20 )− (1 )( 26 )
x y 1
∴ = =
−23600+ 26000 −1000+ 1180 26−20
x y 1
∴ = =
2400 180 6
x 1 y 1
∴ = ∴ =
2400 6 180 6
2400 180
∴ x= ∴ y=
6 6
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 48 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
∴ x=400 ∴ y=30
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (400 ,30) it means Fixed charges is Rs. 400 and Foods Charges is Rs. 30.

1 1
2. A fraction becomes when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes when 8 is
3 4
added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
Solution,
Suppose, Numerator of Fraction is x and Denominator of Fraction is y .
1
⇒ If 1 is subtracted from numerator it becomes
3
x−1 1
∴ =
y 3
∴ 3(x−1)=1( y )
∴ 3 x −3= y
∴ 3 x − y−3=0 … … (1)

1
⇒ And if 8 is added to denominator it becomes
4
x 1
∴ =
y +8 4
∴ 4 (x)=1 ( y +8)
∴ 4 x= y+ 8
∴ 4 x− y−8=0 … … (2)

⇒ Now,
x y1
3 −1 −3
4 −1 −8

∴ x= y=1
−1−3−3 3 3−1
−1−8−8 4 4−1

x y 1
∴ = =
(−1 ) (−8)−(−3 ) (−1 ) (−3 )( 4 )−( 3 ) (−8 ) ( 3 ) (−1 )−(−1 ) ( 4 )
x y 1
∴ = =
8−3 −12+24 −3+ 4
x y 1
∴ = =
5 12 1
x 1 y 1
∴ = ∴ =
5 1 12 1
5 12
∴ x= ∴ y=
1 1
∴ x=5 ∴ y=12

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 49 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
x 5
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (5 , 12) and the fraction will be = .
y 12

3. Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for
each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been
deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many
questions were there in the test?
Solution,

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Suppose correct answer is x and incorrect answer is y

Condition 1
By giving correct answer he will get 3 marks of each answer ¿ 3 x
By giving incorrect answer he will lose 1 mark for each answer ¿ y
∴ 3 x − y=40
∴ 3 x − y−40=0 … … (1)
Condition 2
By giving correct answer he will get 4 marks of each answer ¿ 4 x
By giving incorrect answer he will lose 2 mark for each answer ¿ 2 y
∴ 4 x−2 y=50
∴ 4 x−2 y−50=0
∴ 2(2 x − y−25)=0
∴ 2 x− y−25=0 … … (2)

⇒ Now,
x y1
3 −1 −40
2 −1 −25

∴ x= y=1
−1−40−40 3 3−1
−1−25−25 2 2−1

x y 1
∴ = =
(−1 ) (−25)−(−40 )(−1 ) (−40 )( 2 ) −( 3 ) (−25 ) ( 3 )(−1 ) −(−1 )( 2 )
x y 1
∴ = =
25−40 −80+75 −3+ 2
x y 1
∴ = =
−15 −5 −1
x 1 y 1
∴ = ∴ =
−15 −1 −5 −1
−15 −5
∴ x= ∴ y=
−1 −1
∴ x=15 ∴ y=5
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (15 , 5)

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 50 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)
∴ Total no. of Question is ¿ correct answer +wrong answer=15+ 5=20

4. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at
the same time. If the car travels in same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours.
If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
Solution,
Suppose the speed of Car A is x km / hr.
And the speed of Car B is y km / hr.

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Case I

⇒ Distance travelled by Car A ¿ DF ⇒ Distance travelled by Car B ¿ EF

∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=Speed ×Time ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B=Speed × Time
∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=x ×5 ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B= y ×5
∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=5 x ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B=5 y

⇒ Now, EF=DF−DE
∴ 5 y=5 x−100
∴ 0=5 x−5 y−100
∴ 5 x−5 y −100=0
∴ 5(x− y−20)=0
∴ x− y−20=0 … … (1)

Case II

⇒ Distance travelled by Car A ¿ DF ⇒ Distance travelled by Car B ¿ FE

∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=Speed ×Time ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B=Speed × Time
∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=x ×1 ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B= y ×1
∴ DistanceTravelled Car A=x ∴ DistanceTravelled Car B= y

⇒ Now, DE=DF + EF
∴ 100=x + y
∴ 0=x + y−100
∴ x+ y −100=0 … … (2)

⇒ Now,
x y1
1 −1 −20
1 1 −100

∴ x= y=1
−1−20−20 1 1−1
1−100−100 11 1

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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 51 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

x y 1
∴ = =
(−1 ) (−100)−(−20 ) ( 1 ) (−20 )( 1 )− ( 1 )(−100 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 )−(−1 ) ( 1 )
x y 1
∴ = =
100+20 −20+ 100 1+1
x y 1
∴ = =
120 80 2

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∴
x
=
120 2
1

120
∴
y 1
=
80 2
80
∴ x= ∴ y=
2 2
∴ x=60 ∴ y=40
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (60 , 40)
∴ Speed of Car A is x=60 km / hr, and Speed of Car B is y=40 km/hr.

5. The area of a rectangle get reduced by 9 sq units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and
breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2
units, the area increases by 67 units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Solution,
Suppose the length of rectangle is x and the breadth of rectangle is y
Area of Rectangle is ¿ x × y=xy

Condition 1
Its area is reduced by 9 sq units, if length is reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units
∴ Area of Rectangle=Length × Bredth
∴ xy−9=(x−5)×( y +3)
∴ xy−9=xy +3 x−5 y−15
∴ xy−9−xy−3 x +5 y+ 15=0
∴−3 x +5 y +6=0
∴−(3 x−5 y−6)=0
∴ 3 x −5 y −6=0 … … (1)

Condition 2
Its area is increases by 67 sq units, if we increase length by 3 units and breadth by 2 units
∴ Area of Rectangle=Length × Bredth
∴ xy+ 67=(x +3)×( y +2)
∴ xy+ 67=xy +2 x +3 y +6
∴ xy+ 67−xy −2 x −3 y−6=0
∴−2 x−3 y +61=0
∴−(2 x+3 y −61)=0
∴ 2 x +3 y−61=0 … … (2)

⇒ Now,
x y1
3 −5 −6
2 3 −61
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Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 52 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

∴ x= y=1
−5−6−63 3−5
3−61−61 22 3

x y 1
∴ = =
(−5 ) (−61)−(−6 ) ( 3 ) (−6 ) ( 2 )−( 3 )(−61 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 )−(−5 )( 2 )

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x y 1
∴ = =
305+18 −12+183 9+10
x y 1
∴ = =
323 171 19
x 1 y 1
∴ = ∴ =
323 19 171 19
323 171
∴ x= ∴ y=
19 19
∴ x=17 ∴ y=9
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is (17 , 9)
∴ Length of Rectangle is x=17 units, and Breadth is y=9 units.

Exercise 3.6 ∴ 2u+3 v=2 … … (1)

(Q-1) Solve the following pairs of equation ∴ 4 u−9 v =−1 … … (2)
by reducing them to a pair of linear
equations: Now, Multiplying Eq. (1) By 3
1 1 1 1 13 6 u+ 9 v=6
1. + =2 ; + =
2x 3 y 3x 2 y 6 4 u−9 v=−1
Solution, 10 u=5
Suppose, ∴ 10u=5
1 1 5
=u and =v ∴ u=
x y 10
1 1 1 1 13 1
⇒ + =2 ⇒ + = ∴ u=
2x 3 y 2x 3 y 6 2
u v u v 13
∴ + =2 ∴ + =
2 3 3 2 6 Now, putting the value in Eq. (2)
3 u+2 v 2 u+3 v 13 ⇒ 2 u+3 v=2
∴ =2 ∴ =
6 6
∴ 3u+ 2 v=2 ×6 ∴ 2u+3 v=13 … (2)
6
()
1
∴ 2 +3 v=2
2
∴ 3u+ 2 v=12 … (1) ∴ 1+ 3 v=2
∴ 3 v=2−1
Now, Multiplying Eq. (1) By 2 ∴ 3 v=1
And Eq. (2) By 3 1
∴ v=
6 u+ 4 v =24 3
6 u+ 9 v=39
−−−¿ Now,
−5 v =−15 1 1
=u and =v
∴−5 v=−15 √x √y
−15 1 1 1 1
∴ v= ∴ = ∴ =
−5 √x 2 √y 3
∴ v=3 ∴ √ x=2 | Contact Time∴ √: 02
y =3
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∴ (√ x ) = ( 2) 2
∴ ( √ y ) =( 3 )2
Now, putting the value in Eq. (1)
∴ x=4 ∴ y=9
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 53 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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∴ 20+3 y=14 7 x−2 y 8 x+7 y

5. =5 ; =15
∴ 3 y=14−20 xy xy
∴ 3 y=−6 Solution,
−6 7 x−2 y 8 x+7 y
∴ y= =5 … (1) =15
3 xy xy
∴ y=−2 … (2)

Now, From Eq. (1) From Eq. (2)

1 7 x−2 y 8 x+7 y
=u =5 =15
x xy xy
1
∴ =5 7x 2y 8x 7 y
x ∴ − =5 ∴ + =15
xy xy xy xy
1
∴ x= 7 2 8 7
5 ∴ − =5 … (3) ∴ + =15 … (4)
y x y x
Thus, the solution ( x , y ) is ( 15 ,−2) Now, Suppose
1 1
5 1 6 3 =p and =q
4. + =2 ; − =1 x y
x−1 y−2 x−1 y −2
Solution, ∴ 7 q−2 p=5 … … (5)
Suppose ∴ 8 q+7 p=15 … … (6)
1 1
=p and =q Now, Multiplying Eq. (5) By 7
x−1 y−2
And Eq. (6) By 2
∴ 5 p+ q=2 … … (1) 49 q−14 p=35
∴ 6 p−3 q=1 … … (2) 16 q+ 14 p=30
65 q=65
Now, Multiplying Eq. (1) By 3 ∴ 65 q=65
15 p+3 q=6 65
6 p−3 q=1 ∴ q=
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21 p=7 ∴ q=1
∴ 21 p=7
 21

Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 54 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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Now, Suppose Now, putting the value in Eq. 1

1 1 ⇒ 10 p+2 q=4
=p and =q
x y
()
1
∴ 10 +2 q=4
5
∴ 6 q+3 p=6 … … (5) 10
∴ 2 q+4 p=5 … … (6) ∴ +2 q=4
5
∴ 2+ 2 q=4
Now, Multiplying Eq. (5) By 2 ∴ 2 q=4−2
And Eq. (6) By 6 ∴ 2 q=2
12 q+6 p=12 2
12 q+24 p=30 ∴ q=
2
−−−¿ ∴ q=1
−18 p=−18
∴−18 p=−18 Now,
−18 1 1
∴ p= =p and =q
−18 x+ y x− y
∴ p=1 1 1 1
∴ = ∴ =1
x+ y 5 x− y
Now, putting the value in Eq. (5) ∴ x+ y =5 … (3) ∴ x− y=1 … (4)
⇒ 6 q+3 p=6
∴ 6 q+3 (1)=6 Now, From Eq. (3) and (4)
∴ 6 q+3=6 x + y=5
∴ 6 q=6−3 x− y =1
∴ 6 q=3 2 x=6
3 ∴ 2 x=6
∴ q=
6 6
1 ∴ x=
∴ q= 2
2 ∴ x=3

Now, Now, putting the value in Eq. 3

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=p and =q ⇒ x + y=5
x y ∴ 3+ y=5
 x y 2

Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 55 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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Now, putting the value in Eq. 1 From Eq. (1) and (2)
⇒ 4 p+4 q=3 x + y=10
∴4
1
4 ()
+4 q=3
x− y =2
2 x=12
∴ 1+ 4 q=3 ∴ 2 x=12
∴ 4 q=3−1 12
∴ x=
∴ 4 q=2 2
2 ∴ x=6
∴ q=
4
1 Now, putting the value in Eq. 1
∴ q= ⇒ x + y=10
2
∴ 6+ y=10
Now, ∴ y=10−6
1 1 ∴ y=4
=p and =q
3x+ y 3x−y
1 1 Speed of Ritu is 6 km/ hr. and
∴ =
3 x+ y 4 Speed of Current Water is 4 km/hr.
1 1
∴ =
2. 2 Women and 5 men can together finish
3 x− y 2
∴ 3 x + y =4 … (3) ∴ 3 x − y=2 … (4) an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3
women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days.
Now, From Eq. (3) and (4) Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to
3 x+ y=4 finish the work, and also that taken by 1
3 x− y=2 man alone.
6 x=6 Solution,
∴ 6 x=6 Suppose the women can do embroidery
6 work alone in x days
∴ x=
6 and the men can do embroidery work alone
∴ x=1 in y days

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Now, EDUCATION CENTRE
putting the value in Eq.(M)
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Work completed by women in 1 days ¿
⇒ 3 x + y=4 x
∴ 3(1)+ y=4 1
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 56 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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Now, Multiplying Eq. (3) By 9 Train+bus=4 hours

And Eq. (4) By 8 60 240
72 p+ 180 q=9 ∴ + =4 … … (1)
x y
72 p+ 144 q=8
−−−¿
Condition 2
36 q=1
∴ 36 q=1 100
If distance by train ¿ 100 km=
1 x
∴ q= Then, distance by bus ¿ ( 300 km−100 km )
36
200
¿ 200 km=
Now, putting the value in Eq. (4) y
⇒ 9 p+18 q=1 Train+bus=4 hours 10 miutes
∴ 9 p+ 18 ( )1
36
=1
( 10 240+10 250 25
4+ =
60 60
=
60
= )
6
1 100 200 25
∴ 9 p+ =1 ∴ + = … … (2)
2 x y 6
1
∴ 9 p=1−
2
2−1 Now,
∴ 9 p= 1 1
2 =a and =b
1 x y
∴ 9 p=
2
1 ∴ 60 a+240 b=4 … … (3)
∴ p=
2× 9 25
1 ∴ 100 a+200 b=
∴ p= 6
18 ∴ 6 ( 100 a+200 b )=25
∴ 600 a+1200 b=25 … …(4)
Now,
1 1 Multiplying equation 3 by 10
=p and =q 600 a+ 2400 b=40
x y
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1 1 1 1 600 a+1200 b=25
∴ = ∴ =
x 18 y 36 −−−¿
Subject: Mathematics (X) Page 57 Chapter: 3 (Pairs of Linear Equations)

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Sums for Practice At Home x y 9 x y 5

(2) − = , − =
 Obtain the pair of linear equations in 5 4 40 3 2 12
two variables from the following 1 1
(Ans:- ,− )
information 2 2
(1)A shopkeeper sells 4 pants and 3 shirts (3) 5 x+ 2 y =10 , 4 x +3 y−1=0
for ` 5000. The cost of a pair of a pant (Ans:- 4 ,−5 )
and shirt is ` 500.
(Ans:- 4 x+3 y =5000 , x + y=500)  Solve the following pairs of linear
(2)Mother tells her son, “Five year ago, I equations:
was five times as old as you were. After (1) x + y=5 xy ,3 x +2 y=13 xy
ten years, I will be two times as old as
you will be.” ( ) 1 1
(Ans:- ( 0 , 0 ) , )
2 3
(Ans:- x−5 y +28=0 , x −2 y −3=0 ) 8 9 10 6
(3)The total cost of 7 pens and 5 pencils is ` (2) − =1 , + =7
a b a b
50 and the total cost 5 pens and 7 (Ans:- ( a , b ) (2 ,3))
pencils is `46.
(Ans:- 5 x+ 7 y=50 , 7 x+5 y =46)  Solve the Following Problem Sums
1. Solve the pair of linear equations 2 x+ y=40
 Solve the following pairs of linear and x + y=30 and if the solution satisfies
equation in two variables using graph. y=mx+6 , the find m .
(1) 2 x+ y=7 , x−2 y=6 7
(Ans:- ( 10 , 20 ) (m= ))
[Ans:- ( 4 ,−1 ) ( 2 ) (2 , 2) ] 5
(2) x + y=5 , 5 x−2 y=4 4
2. A fraction becomes , if 1 is added to both
[Ans:- ( 2 , 3 ) ( 6 ) O } 5
(3) x +2 y=−4 , 3 x + 4 y=−6 the numerator and the denominator. If 5 is
[Ans:- (2 ,−3)] subtracted both from the numerator and the
1
denominator, it becomes . Find the
 Solve the following pairs of linear 2
equation by the method of substitution: fraction.
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9
[Ans:- (−62 97
), ] 3. The sum of two numbers is 9. The difference