© Oxford University Press Reading bank key 46

Reading bank key

1 Digital technology 5 Mathematics

2 3
1 T 4 T 1 geologist
2 F 5 F 2 cryptographer
3 F 6 F 3 business analyst
4 meteorologist
2 Careers in technology 5 biomathematician

3
a 7 Possible logical order
6 Technology and society
b 4 b 4 2
c 8 c 8 1 the future
d 5 e 3 2 plants
e 3 g 2 3 Water
f 6 f 6 4 produce energy
g 2 a 7 5 electric power grid
h 1 h 1 6 are carefully monitored
d 5 7 are

3 Biology 7 Studying technology

3 2
1 b 3 a 1 T 4 T
2 c 2 F 5 F
3 T 6 F
4 Chemistry
2
8 Design
1 a pencil 2
2 diamonds, graphene 1 25.5 km = 25,500m
3 Hanns-Peter Boehm 2 Before
4 sticky tape 3 Aerospace doctors
5 steel, silicon 4 It increases
6 computers, clothes, smartphones 5 Nitrogen
6 106 °C
7 The change in atmospheric pressure
8 Breathing and heart rate
© Oxford University Press Reading bank key 47

9 Technology in sport 11 Crime-fighting and security

2 1
a Fastskin, Strapless goggles A 1 Advanced taser gun
b Precool vest, Power socks, Swift suit 2 Police
c Power socks, Swift suit 3 It uses compressed air to fire darts attached to electric
d Fastskin, Swift suit, Strapless goggles cables. These deliver an electric shock which causes
temporary paralysis.
3
B 1 Iris scanning
1 It reduces body temperature and therefore the
risk of heat injury. 2 Airports, banks
2 Because sharks are famously fast swimmers of 3 The iris is scanned digitally and the information is
the fish world. stored in a database. This provides a check or match
when the person later requests entry to a high-security
3 Leg muscle vibration. The vibration is wasted energy.
area.
4 It keeps them cool.
C 1 Offender tracking
5 They are stuck to the eye sockets with medical glue.
2 Police

10 Appropriate technology 3 A tracking unit records an offender’s movements via

GPS. A server matches these movements to places
1 and reports automatically to the police if the offender
enters forbidden areas.
b
2 12 Transport
Item Quantity
5-metre metal or bamboo poles 3 1
toothed wheels 3 A petrol engine and an electric motor
125 cc petrol engine 1 2
armour plate 2 layers 1 Running at a constant speed, cruising
wheel motors 3 2 Low-speed cruising
3 Overtaking, hill climbing, and accelerating from a
3 standstill
1 Dervish
4 It is not necessary to plug it in to charge the batteries.
2 It clears anti-personnel mines.
5 The electric motor serves as a generator when braking.
3 It has a simple design and is cheap to make and use.
The petrol engine also drives the generator when the
4 To create more pressure batteries are low.
5 After it has exploded 1,500 mines.
6 It moves in a series of tight circles so no mines are
missed.
 © Oxford University Press Reading bank key 48

13 High living: skyscrapers 17 The future of technology

1–2 1
1 It saves energy by balancing the weight of the lift. d
2 They keep the car steady and act as a safety feature. 3
3 Brakes on the guide rails operated by a ‘governor’, 1 The same task in the same place over and over again
double-doors, multi-strand steel ropes, shock 2 Factories and nuclear power stations
absorbers, or buffers, at the base of the lift shaft
3 They need to be able to move like humans, adapt
3 to new places, and be sensitive to touch and
1 It logs all passenger calls, monitors the number of temperature.
passengers travelling from floor to floor, and the 4 It has a mesh or net structure.
position of any car in the system and its speed. It can
5 E-skin has to cover moving parts like joints.
direct passengers to the car which will get them to
their destination fastest, and will prevent any car 6 They could adjust to different surfaces.
which is overloaded from moving. 7 The robot could detect any obstacle as soon as it
2 The large number of safety devices make it virtually touched it.
impossible for an accident to happen. 8 Sensitivity to pressure and temperature

14 Information technology 18 Ways into technology

2 2
1 a flat b cool c lightweight d easy-to-clean 1 F 4 T
2 They’re more user-friendly. 2 T 5 F
3 Plastic 3 F 6 T
4 A small electrostatic force
5 ‘Inflate’ 19 Food and agriculture
6 Smartphones and tablets, but also in games, 2
navigation equipment, and controls on electrical
1 c 4 b
appliances.
2 a 5 d
15 Telecommunications 3 e
3
2 1 Transport of water, fertilizers, and farm produce.
1 c 4 b
2 With chemicals.
2 a 5 a
3 Harvested rain water and local ground water.
3 b 6 c
4 The large plants shelter the small ones from the sun.

16 Medical technology 5 Plant and animal waste.

6 There is no need for transport.
1
1 a Administering medical help from a distance
b Looking after people from a distance
c Operating on people from a distance
2 
the Internet, satellite phones, video links, digital
cameras
3 people living, working, or travelling remote from
medical help
 © Oxford University Press Reading bank key 49

20 Plastics 24 Environmental engineering

2 3
1 Engineers 1 F 4 F
2 Doctors 2 T 5 T
3 wires 3 F 6 F
4 Designs
5 instructions 25 Robotics
6 objects 2
7 3-D printers 1 Ecobot III: cow’s stomach; Cheetah: cheetah’s flexible
back; Eccerobot: human bones and muscles
21 Alternative energy 2 Ecobot III

2 3 Cheetah
1 c, kilometres 4 Ecobot III
2 e, people
3 a, hours
26 Defence technology
4 g, megawatts 1
5 h, m3 1 Possible answers Some can change colour to match
6 b, metres their environment. Others have natural camouflage
– markings that make them hard to spot. Some only
7 i, days
come out in the dark.
8 d, barrels
2 Possible answer Dress and move in the same way as
9 f, Euros other people around you dress and move.
3 Possible answers Camouflage paint and clothing;
22 Mass transportation planes with special shapes that make them invisible to
radar; hiding things underground.
2
1 water 2
1 F 4 T
2 is being developed and tested
2 F 5 F
3 must be manufactured
3 T
4 CO2
5 practical
6 have
7 small size
8 some

23 Petroleum engineering
2
1 a 5 c
2 b 6 b
3 b 7 c
4 a
© Oxford University Press Writing bank key 50

Writing bank key

Emails Fig. 3 Rice production dropped / decreased
moderately / considerably.
1 2
1 T – Although it is still polite to include a simple 1 The amount of energy from different sources that was
greeting such as Hi, and end with Best wishes or used between 1950 and 2005.
Regards. 2 Years 1950 to 2005.
2 F – Emoticons should not be used in business emails 3 Energy in Joules.
because they are not considered serious and, in fact,
4 Petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Petroleum reached a
sometimes rude.
peak in 1978 but fell dramatically until 1983. There was
3 F – People consider this to be rude. Write a word in very little energy from alternative sources. Nuclear
italics if you really need to highlight it. electric power grew significantly after 1970.
4 T – Emails are used for quick communication, not for
3
long speeches, and should be brief and to the point.
1 It describes what the graph is about using information
5 F – It is rude not to reply promptly. If you cannot give a from the title, the X, and the Y axis.
definitive answer, acknowledge receipt of the
2 It gives an overview of the trends shown in the graph.
email and promise to get back as soon as possible.
3 Just over; roughly; about
6 T – Other people can read the recipient’s emails and the
recipient may forward the email to others. 4
7 F – Because you cannot see the recipient, he / she has 1 They compare different modes of transport for
no way of understanding that you are joking and may passengers and cargo in Croatia.
misunderstand a joke. 2 In the same order as
2 3 But, however
1 Health and Safety Officer in a woodworking company 5
2 Employee of a company manufacturing earplugs line graph, line graph
3 Technical details of the revolutionary earplug pie chart, pie chart
4 So that he realizes the company need for such earplugs:
they are required for industrial use, not retail. CV
3
1
a 5 e 1
1 Polam Hall School, Darlington
b 7 f 3
2 Business Studies, General Studies, Chemistry,
c 2 g 4 Mathematics, Biology
d 6 3 University of Leeds
4 4 Environmental Biogeoscience
1 By referring to the telephone conversation earlier 5 Worked with the Worldwide Fund for Nature, species
2 I would be grateful / Can you and habitat management
3 Dear Ken; Dear Sir / Madam. Per knows the person he is 6 Cornwall, England
writing to. 7 Sold tickets, guided people, helped with activities for
children
Describing graphs 8 Highly motivated and hard working, good team worker,
excellent communication and
1 organizational skills, enjoys encouraging and
Fig. 1 The temperature increased / went up motivating others
slowly / gradually.
9 He travels, plays the piano, and sings.
Fig. 2 There was a sharp / steep increase / growth in solar
energy production.
© Oxford University Press Writing bank key 51

Memos 4 Perhaps he couldn’t see because of something in his line

of view. Or perhaps, because he didn’t expect anyone
1 to be near his truck, he wasn’t looking carefully. A nine-
year-old boy, who was not wearing any safety site
1 To inform employees in the Maintenance Department clothing, would be very difficult to see.
about apprenticeships in September and to ask team
leaders to attend a meeting to discuss matters relating 3
to this. 6.0 Findings
2 There will be interviews. 6.1 D
3 Attend a meeting in Room D on Thursday 17 May 6.2 B
at 9 a.m. 7.0 Recommendations
2 7.1 C
1 d 4 e 7.2 A
2 f 5 b
3 a 6 c Reports
Instructions 1
1 describes 4 issue
1 2 purpose 5 possible
A Stop D Lower
3 written
B Move forward E Raise
2
C Move backwards
a 7 e 1
2 b 5 f 6
B Do not smoke or light a fire.
c 2 g 3
C Do not walk/cross here.
d 4
D Do not use water to put out the fire.
3
E Do not eat in here.
b . . . to find the most effective way . . .
F Do not drink the water.
c . . . the research compares the cost of installation, the
G Do not use vehicles. number of years required to pay back the investment
H Do not touch. cost, and the amount of carbon saved each year.
3 d This report compares fourteen different practical
1 fight 7 Aim measures . . .
2 Call 8 Hold e The study shows that the cost of insulating loft and
walls is recovered within three years but saves only a
3 Choose 9 Squeeze
small amount of carbon. Although it takes approximately
4 Pull out 10 Be thirteen years to pay back the cost of installing a ground
5 Point 11 Sweep source heat pump, it saves the maximum amount of
6 Release carbon and is, therefore, the
best long-term solution.
Health and safety f . . . a ground source heat pump . . . is the best long-term
solution.
1 g . . . new homes (should be) fitted with ground source heat
1 Abdul Azizi pumps.
2 9
3 Broken leg and bruised arms